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Ma J, Zhu J, Li J, Liu J, Kang X, Yu J. Enhanced E6AP-mediated ubiquitination of ENO1 via LINC00663 contributes to radiosensitivity of breast cancer by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216118. [PMID: 36871813 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has shown measurable efficacy in breast cancer (BC). Elucidating the mechanisms and developing effective strategies against resistance, which is a major challenge, is crucial. Mitochondria, which regulate homeostasis of the redox environment, have emerged as a radiotherapeutic target. However, the mechanism via which mitochondria are controlled under radiation remains elusive. Here, we identified alpha-enolase (ENO1), as a prognostic marker for the efficacy of BC radiotherapy. ENO1 enhances radio-therapeutic resistance in BC via reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo through modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, LINC00663 was identified as an upstream regulator of ENO1, which regulates radiotherapeutic sensitivity by downregulating ENO1 expression in BC cells. LINC00663 regulates ENO1 protein stability by enhancing the E6AP-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In BC patients, LINC00663 expression is negatively correlated with ENO1 expression. Among patients treated with IR, those who did not respond to radiotherapy expressed lower levels of LINC00663 than those sensitive to radiotherapy. Our work established LINC00663/ENO1 critical to regulate IR-resistance in BC. Inhibition of ENO1 with a specific inhibitor or supplement of LINC00663 could be potential sensitizing therapeutic strategies for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Ma
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Junwen Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jingtong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Kang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
| | - Jinming Yu
- Shandong University Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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2
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Ahmed I, Verma A, Umar S, Papineni RVL. 2-deoxy-D-glucose mitigates Citrobacter rodentium and dibenzazepine-induced gastrointestinal damage and colitis: novel implications of 2-DG polypharmacopea. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:681-691. [PMID: 35946994 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Citrobacter rodentium (CR) infection coupled with blocking Notch/Wnt signaling via γ-secretase inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) disrupts the gastro-intestinal (GI) barrier and induces colitis, akin to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced GI-injury. We investigated the effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) to ameliorate the CR-DBZ-induced GI damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS NIH:Swiss outbred mice were inoculated with 109CFUs of CR orally. DBZ was administered intraperitoneally (10 μM/kg b.wt; for 10 days 2 days post-CR infection). Mice were fed with 0.4% 2-DG (w/v) daily in drinking water. For microbiota depletion, antibiotics (Abx), 1 g/l metronidazole, and 0.2 g/l ciprofloxacin were administered for 10 days in drinking water. Oxidative stress, survival assay, colonic crypt hyperplasia, Notch/Wnt downstream signaling, immunomodulation, and bacterial dysbiosis were measured. RESULTS We show that real-time visualization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is similar during CR-induced colonic infection and IR-induced GI-damage. The histology revealed that dietary 2-DG mitigates CR + DBZ-induced colitis and improves survival compared with CR + DBZ alone. These changes were phenocopied in Abx-treated mice. Both 2-DG and Abx reduced dysbiosis, increased proliferation, inhibited pro-inflammatory response, and restored Hes-1 and β-catenin protein levels, in the crypts. CONCLUSION The energy disruptor 2-DG mitigates bacterial infection and its responsive hyperplasia/colitis, indicating its utility as a mitigator of infection/IR-induced GI-damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Rao V L Papineni
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas, Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- PACT & Health LLC, Branford, CT, USA
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3
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Muhammad N, Ruiz F, Stanley J, Rashmi R, Cho K, Jayachandran K, Zahner MC, Huang Y, Zhang J, Markovina S, Patti GJ, Schwarz JK. Monounsaturated and Diunsaturated Fatty Acids Sensitize Cervical Cancer to Radiation Therapy. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4515-4527. [PMID: 36214635 PMCID: PMC9772149 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity induces numerous physiological changes that can impact cancer risk and patient response to therapy. Obese patients with cervical cancer have been reported to have superior outcomes following chemoradiotherapy, suggesting that free fatty acids (FFA) might enhance response to radiotherapy. Here, using preclinical models, we show that monounsaturated and diunsaturated FFAs (uFFA) radiosensitize cervical cancer through a novel p53-dependent mechanism. UFFAs signaled through PPARγ and p53 to promote lipid uptake, storage, and metabolism after radiotherapy. Stable isotope labeling confirmed that cervical cancer cells increase both catabolic and anabolic oleate metabolism in response to radiotherapy, with associated increases in dependence on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation for survival. In vivo, supplementation with exogenous oleate suppressed tumor growth in xenografts after radiotherapy, an effect that could be partially mimicked in tumors from high fat diet-induced obese mice. These results suggest that supplementation with uFFAs may improve tumor responses to radiotherapy, particularly in p53 wild-type tumors. SIGNIFICANCE Metabolism of monounsaturated and diunsaturated fatty acids improves the efficacy of radiotherapy in cancer through modulation of p53 activity. See related commentary by Jungles and Green, p. 4513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshad Muhammad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Fiona Ruiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Jennifer Stanley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kay Jayachandran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Michael C Zahner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | - Gary J. Patti
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine,Department of Chemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julie K. Schwarz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine
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4
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Gencheva R, Cheng Q, Arnér ESJ. Thioredoxin reductase selenoproteins from different organisms as potential drug targets for treatment of human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:320-338. [PMID: 35987423 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenoprotein with a central role in cellular redox homeostasis, utilizing a highly reactive and solvent-exposed selenocysteine (Sec) residue in its active site. Pharmacological modulation of TrxR can be obtained with several classes of small compounds showing different mechanisms of action, but most often dependent upon interactions with its Sec residue. The clinical implications of TrxR modulation as mediated by small compounds have been studied in diverse diseases, from rheumatoid arthritis and ischemia to cancer and parasitic infections. The possible involvement of TrxR in these diseases was in some cases serendipitously discovered, by finding that existing clinically used drugs are also TrxR inhibitors. Inhibiting isoforms of human TrxR is, however, not the only strategy for human disease treatment, as some pathogenic parasites also depend upon Sec-containing TrxR variants, including S. mansoni, B. malayi or O. volvulus. Inhibiting parasite TrxR has been shown to selectively kill parasites and can thus become a promising treatment strategy, especially in the context of quickly emerging resistance towards other drugs. Here we have summarized the basis for the targeting of selenoprotein TrxR variants with small molecules for therapeutic purposes in different human disease contexts. We discuss how Sec engagement appears to be an indispensable part of treatment efficacy and how some therapeutically promising compounds have been evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies. Several research questions remain before a wider application of selenoprotein TrxR inhibition as a first-line treatment strategy might be developed. These include further mechanistic studies of downstream effects that may mediate treatment efficacy, identification of isoform-specific enzyme inhibition patterns for some given therapeutic compounds, and the further elucidation of cell-specific effects in disease contexts such as in the tumor microenvironment or in host-parasite interactions, and which of these effects may be dependent upon the specific targeting of Sec in distinct TrxR isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosveta Gencheva
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden; Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary.
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5
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Brashears CB, Prudner BC, Rathore R, Caldwell KE, Dehner CA, Buchanan JL, Lange SE, Poulin N, Sehn JK, Roszik J, Spitzer D, Jones KB, O'Keefe R, Nielsen TO, Taylor EB, Held JM, Hawkins W, Van Tine BA. Malic Enzyme 1 Absence in Synovial Sarcoma Shifts Antioxidant System Dependence and Increases Sensitivity to Ferroptosis Induction with ACXT-3102. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3573-3589. [PMID: 35421237 PMCID: PMC9378556 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the metabolism of synovial sarcoma (SS) and elucidate the effect of malic enzyme 1 absence on SS redox homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ME1 expression was measured in SS clinical samples, SS cell lines, and tumors from an SS mouse model. The effect of ME1 absence on glucose metabolism was evaluated utilizing Seahorse assays, metabolomics, and C13 tracings. The impact of ME1 absence on SS redox homeostasis was evaluated by metabolomics, cell death assays with inhibitors of antioxidant systems, and measurements of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The susceptibility of ME1-null SS to ferroptosis induction was interrogated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS ME1 absence in SS was confirmed in clinical samples, SS cell lines, and an SS tumor model. Investigation of SS glucose metabolism revealed that ME1-null cells exhibit higher rates of glycolysis and higher flux of glucose into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which is necessary to produce NADPH. Evaluation of cellular redox homeostasis demonstrated that ME1 absence shifts dependence from the glutathione system to the thioredoxin system. Concomitantly, ME1 absence drives the accumulation of ROS and labile iron. ROS and iron accumulation enhances the susceptibility of ME1-null cells to ferroptosis induction with inhibitors of xCT (erastin and ACXT-3102). In vivo xenograft models of ME1-null SS demonstrate significantly increased tumor response to ACXT-3102 compared with ME1-expressing controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the translational potential of targeting redox homeostasis in ME1-null cancers and establish the preclinical rationale for a phase I trial of ACXT-3102 in SS patients. See related commentary by Subbiah and Gan, p. 3408.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn B. Brashears
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bethany C. Prudner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richa Rathore
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katharine E. Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carina A. Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jane L. Buchanan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sara E.S. Lange
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Neal Poulin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer K. Sehn
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jason Roszik
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dirk Spitzer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin B. Jones
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Regis O'Keefe
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Orthopedics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Torsten O. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric B. Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jason M. Held
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian A. Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Corresponding Author: Brian A. Van Tine, Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: 314-747-3096: E-mail:
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6
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Pei Y, Ning R, Hu W, Li P, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Hong Z, Sun Y, Guo X, Zhang Q. Carbon Ion Radiotherapy Induce Metabolic Inhibition After Functional Imaging-Guided Simultaneous Integrated Boost for Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:845583. [PMID: 35936669 PMCID: PMC9354483 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.845583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeAs local recurrence remains a challenge and the advantages of the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique have been validated in photon radiotherapy, we applied the SIB technique to CIRT. The aim was to investigate the metabolomic changes of the CIRT with concurrent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in localized prostate cancer (PCa) and the unique metabolic effect of the SIB technique.Material and MethodsThis study enrolled 24 pathologically confirmed PCa patients. All patients went through CIRT with concurrent ADT. The gross target volume (GTV) boost was defined as positive lesions on both 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI images. Urine samples collected before and after CIRT were analyzed by the Q-TOF UPLC-MS/MS system. R platform and MetDNA were used for peak detection and identification. Statistical analysis and metabolic pathway analysis were performed on Metaboanalyst.ResultsThe metabolite profiles were significantly altered after CIRT. The most significantly altered metabolic pathway is PSMA participated alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Metabolites in this pathway showed a trend to be better suppressed in the SIB group. A total of 11 identified metabolites were significantly discriminative between two groups and all of them were better down-regulated in the SIB group. Meanwhile, among these metabolites, three metabolites in DNA damage and repair related purine metabolism were down-regulated to a greater extent in the SIB group.ConclusionMetabolic dysfunction was one of the typical characteristics of PCa. CIRT with ADT showed a powerful inhibition of PCa metabolism, especially in PSMA participated metabolic pathway. The SIB CIRT showed even better performance on down-regulation of most metabolism than uniform-dose-distribution CIRT. Meanwhile, the SIB CIRT also showed its unique superiority to inhibit purine metabolism. PSMA PET/CT guided SIB CIRT showed its potentials to further benefit PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Pei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy lon Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Renli Ning
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy lon Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy lon Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy lon Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenshan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy lon Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy lon Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengshan Hong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy lon Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy lon Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhang, ; Xiaomao Guo, ; Yun Sun,
| | - Xiaomao Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy lon Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhang, ; Xiaomao Guo, ; Yun Sun,
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy lon Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhang, ; Xiaomao Guo, ; Yun Sun,
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7
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Goetting I, Larafa S, Eul K, Kunin M, Jakob B, Matschke J, Jendrossek V. Targeting AKT-Dependent Regulation of Antioxidant Defense Sensitizes AKT-E17K Expressing Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:920017. [PMID: 35875130 PMCID: PMC9304891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.920017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway has clinical relevance to radiation resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an emerging role in the regulation of cell survival upon irradiation. AKT-dependent signaling participates in the regulation of cellular antioxidant defense. Here, we were interested to explore a yet unknown role of aberrant activation of AKT in regulating antioxidant defense in response to IR and associated radiation resistance.We combined genetic and pharmacologic approaches to study how aberrant activation of AKT impacts cell metabolism, antioxidant defense, and radiosensitivity. Therefore, we used TRAMPC1 (TrC1) prostate cancer cells overexpressing the clinically relevant AKT-variant AKT-E17K with increased AKT activity or wildtype AKT (AKT-WT) and analyzed the consequences of direct AKT inhibition (MK2206) and inhibition of AKT-dependent metabolic enzymes on the levels of cellular ROS, antioxidant capacity, metabolic state, short-term and long-term survival without and with irradiation.TrC1 cells expressing the clinically relevant AKT1-E17K variant were characterized by improved antioxidant defense compared to TrC1 AKT-WT cells and this was associated with increased radiation resistance. The underlying mechanisms involved AKT-dependent direct and indirect regulation of cellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). Pharmacologic inhibition of specific AKT-dependent metabolic enzymes supporting defense against oxidative stress, e.g., inhibition of glutathione synthase and glutathione reductase, improved eradication of clonogenic tumor cells, particularly of TrC1 cells overexpressing AKT-E17K.We conclude that improved capacity of TrC1 AKT-E17K cells to balance antioxidant defense with provision of energy and other metabolites upon irradiation compared to TrC1 AKT-WT cells contributes to their increased radiation resistance. Our findings on the importance of glutathione de novo synthesis and glutathione regeneration for radiation resistance of TrC1 AKT-E17K cells offer novel perspectives for improving radiosensitivity in cancer cells with aberrant AKT activity by combining IR with inhibitors targeting AKT-dependent regulation of GSH provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Goetting
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Safa Larafa
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Eul
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Kunin
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Jakob
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Verena Jendrossek, ; Johann Matschke,
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Verena Jendrossek, ; Johann Matschke,
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8
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Peng SL, Wang R, Zhou YL, Wei W, Zhong GH, Huang XT, Yang S, Liu QD, Liu ZG. Insight of a Metabolic Prognostic Model to Identify Tumor Environment and Drug Vulnerability for Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872910. [PMID: 35812404 PMCID: PMC9262104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a novel method for the treatment of malignant tumors. The exploration of metabolism procedures between radiosensitive and radioresistant tumors may provide novel perspectives for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients after radiation therapy. In our study, metabolic reprogramming and immune response changes were found between radioresistant cell line (A549RR) and its parent cells (A549) using gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Nucleotide/amino acid, lipid, and glucose metabolic process, including Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, Tryptophan/Tyrosine metabolism, Butanoate metabolism, Purine/Pyrimidine metabolism, were screened out. Then molecular signatures database and The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) lung adenocarcinoma datasets were used to identify metabolism-related genes (MRGs) between radiosensitive and radioresistant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. A metabolism-based prognostic model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and nomogram were constructed using Metabolism Score calculated by 14 metabolism-related genes (MRGs). Three independent public datasets, (GSE72094, GSE3141, GSE8894) and one immunotherapy cohort (IMvigor210) were used as external validation cohorts. Expression of 14 hub genes in cells, normal and LUAD specimens were explored by Human Protein Atlas, TIMER2.0 and RT-qPCR. Patients with low-Metabolism Scores were correlated with longer survival times, higher response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), different immune cell infiltrations and drug vulnerability. Our study demonstrated a comprehensive landscape between radiosensitive and radioresistant LUAD, and provide novel targets for NSCLC, especially those patients received radiation therapy. Moreover, this metabolism-based prognostic model may help to investigate connections between radiosensitivity, immune response, metabolic reprogramming, and patients’ prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Li Peng
- The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhou
- The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Gui-Hua Zhong
- The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Huang
- The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiao-Dan Liu
- The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- The Cancer Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Gang Liu, ,
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Mittal A, Nenwani M, Sarangi I, Achreja A, Lawrence TS, Nagrath D. Radiotherapy-induced metabolic hallmarks in the tumor microenvironment. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:855-869. [PMID: 35750630 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation is frequently administered for cancer treatment, but resistance or remission remains common. Cancer cells alter their metabolism after radiotherapy to reduce its cytotoxic effects. The influence of altered cancer metabolism extends to the tumor microenvironment (TME), where components of the TME exchange metabolites to support tumor growth. Combining radiotherapy with metabolic targets in the TME can improve therapy response. We review the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells following radiotherapy and put these observations in the context of the TME to describe the metabolic hallmarks of radiotherapy in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mittal
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Minal Nenwani
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Itisam Sarangi
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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10
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Luo H, Wang X, Wang Y, Dan Q, Ge H. Mannose enhances the radio-sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with low MPI expression by suppressing glycolysis. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:1. [PMID: 35201482 PMCID: PMC8777573 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of mannose on radio-sensitivity of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line and its possible mechanism. METHODS The expression of mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI) in human esophageal cancer cell lines were detected by Western blot. The inhibitory effect of mannose on human esophageal cancer cell lines were observed by MTT assay. Plate clone formation assay was performed to investigate the efficacy of mannose on radio-sensitivity of human esophageal cancer cells. The apoptosis rates of tumor cells treated with mannose and/or radiation therapy was calculated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we analyzed intracellular metabolites using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to identify selective sugar metabolites. RESULTS MPI expression was various in human esophageal cancer cells. KYSE70 cells was associated with the highest MPI expression whereas KYSE450 cells had the lowest MPI expression level. When administrated with 11.1 mM/L mannose, the same inhibitory effect was observed in both KYSE70 and KYSE450 cell lines. Moreover, the inhibitory effect was significant on KYSE450 cell lines with an increased mannose concentration. The application of 11.1 mM/L mannose could significantly enhance the radio-sensitivity of KYSE450 cell line; and tumor cell apoptosis rate was also increased. However, there was limited efficacy of mannose on the radio-sensitivity and apoptosis rate of KYSE70 cell line. Additionally, intracellular metabolites analyzation revealed that glycolysis could be disturbed by mannose when combined with radiation therapy in esophageal cancer cells. CONCLUSION In esophageal cancer cell lines with low MPI expression, the administration of mannose was associated with enhanced radio-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Yunhan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Qinfu Dan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Hong Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
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11
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Krysztofiak A, Szymonowicz K, Hlouschek J, Xiang K, Waterkamp C, Larafa S, Goetting I, Vega-Rubin-de-Celis S, Theiss C, Matschke V, Hoffmann D, Jendrossek V, Matschke J. Metabolism of cancer cells commonly responds to irradiation by a transient early mitochondrial shutdown. iScience 2021; 24:103366. [PMID: 34825138 PMCID: PMC8603201 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer bioenergetics fuel processes necessary to maintain viability and growth under stress conditions. We hypothesized that cancer metabolism supports the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). We combined the systematic collection of metabolic and radiobiological data from a panel of irradiated cancer cell lines with mathematical modeling and identified a common metabolic response with impact on the DSB repair kinetics, including a mitochondrial shutdown followed by compensatory glycolysis and resumption of mitochondrial function. Combining ionizing radiation (IR) with inhibitors of the compensatory glycolysis or mitochondrial respiratory chain slowed mitochondrial recovery and DNA repair kinetics, offering an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Mathematical modeling allowed us to generate new hypotheses on general and individual mechanisms of the radiation response with relevance to DNA repair and on metabolic vulnerabilities induced by cancer radiotherapy. These discoveries will guide future mechanistic studies for the discovery of metabolic targets for overcoming intrinsic or therapy-induced radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Krysztofiak
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Julian Hlouschek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kexu Xiang
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Waterkamp
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Safa Larafa
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Isabell Goetting
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vega-Rubin-de-Celis
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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12
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Shah MA, Rogoff HA. Implications of reactive oxygen species on cancer formation and its treatment. Semin Oncol 2021; 48:238-245. [PMID: 34548190 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a hallmark of cancer. Although increased ROS concentrations play important roles in cancer formation and progression, levels above a cytotoxic threshold cause cancer cell death. Cancer cells adapt to high concentrations of ROS via antioxidant production and reprogrammed cellular metabolism (eg, the Warburg effect). Because some widely used anticancer therapies such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy rely on ROS accumulation as a mechanism to induce cancer cell death, a cancer cell's ability to control ROS levels is a driver of treatment resistance and a critical consideration for successful cancer treatment. The necessity for cancer cells to adapt to elevated levels of ROS to survive may represent an Achilles heel for some malignancies, as therapies designed to interfere with this adaptation would be expected to kill cancer cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the implications of ROS on cancer formation and anticancer treatment strategies, with a focus on treatment-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish A Shah
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Harry A Rogoff
- Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Metabolic reprograming of antioxidant defense: a precision medicine perspective for radiotherapy of lung cancer? Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1265-1277. [PMID: 34110407 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a key role in the management of lung cancer patients in curative and palliative settings. Traditionally, radiotherapy was either given alone or in combination with surgery, classical cytotoxic chemotherapy, or both. Technical and physical innovations achieved during the last two decades have helped to enhance the accuracy of radiotherapy dose delivery and have facilitated geometric radiotherapy individualization. Furthermore, multimodal combinations with molecularly tailored drugs or immunotherapy yielded promising survival benefits in selected patients. Yet high locoregional failure rates and frequent development of metastases still limit the patient outcome. One major obstacle to successful treatment is the high molecular heterogeneity observed in lung cancer. So far, clinical radiotherapy does not routinely use the knowledge on molecular subtypes with regard to therapy individualization and predictive biomarkers are missing. Herein, altered cancer metabolism has attracted novel attention during recent years as it promotes tumor growth and progression as well as resistance to anticancer therapies. The present perspective will exemplarily highlight how clinically relevant molecular subtypes defined by co-occurring somatic mutations in KRAS-driven lung cancer impact the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells, how the metabolic phenotype supports intrinsic radioresistance by the improved antioxidant defense, and also discuss potential subtype-specific actionable metabolic vulnerabilities. Understanding metabolic phenotypes of radioresistance and metabolic bottlenecks of cancer cells undergoing radiotherapy in a cancer-specific context will offer largely unexploited future avenues for biological individualization and optimization of radiotherapy. Transcriptional profiles will provide additional benefit in defining metabolic phenotypes associated with radioresistance, particularly in cases, where such dependencies cannot be identified by specific somatic mutations.
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14
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Harkenrider MM, Markham MJ, Dizon DS, Jhingran A, Salani R, Serour RK, Lynn J, Kohn EC. Moving Forward in Cervical Cancer: Enhancing Susceptibility to DNA Repair Inhibition and Damage, an NCI Clinical Trials Planning Meeting Report. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 112:1081-1088. [PMID: 32219419 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and prognosis is poor for those who experience recurrence or develop metastatic disease, in part due to the lack of active therapeutic directions. The National Cancer Institute convened a Cervical Cancer Clinical Trials Planning Meeting in October 2018 to facilitate the design of hypothesis-driven clinical trials focusing on locally advanced, metastatic, and recurrent cervical cancer around the theme of enhancing susceptibility to DNA repair inhibition and DNA damage. Before the meeting, a group of experts in the field summarized available preclinical and clinical data to identify potentially active inducers and inhibitors of DNA. The goals of the Clinical Trials Planning Meeting focused on identification of novel experimental strategies capitalizing on DNA damage and repair (DDR) regulators and cell cycle aberrations, optimization of radiotherapy as a DDR agent, and design of clinical trials incorporating DDR regulation into the primary and recurrent or metastatic therapies for cervical carcinoma. Meeting deliverables were novel clinical trial concepts to move into the National Clinical Trials Network. This report provides an overview for the rationale of this meeting and the state of the science related to DDR regulation in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Harkenrider
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Merry Jennifer Markham
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Don S Dizon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anuja Jhingran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ritu Salani
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jean Lynn
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise C Kohn
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Resistance of Hypoxic Cells to Ionizing Radiation Is Mediated in Part via Hypoxia-Induced Quiescence. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030610. [PMID: 33801903 PMCID: PMC7998378 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Double strand breaks (DSBs) are highly toxic to a cell, a property that is exploited in radiation therapy. A critical component for the damage induction is cellular oxygen, making hypoxic tumor areas refractory to the efficacy of radiation treatment. During a fractionated radiation regimen, these hypoxic areas can be re-oxygenated. Nonetheless, hypoxia still constitutes a negative prognostic factor for the patient’s outcome. We hypothesized that this might be attributed to specific hypoxia-induced cellular traits that are maintained upon reoxygenation. Here, we show that reoxygenation of hypoxic non-transformed RPE-1 cells fully restored induction of DSBs but the cells remain radioresistant as a consequence of hypoxia-induced quiescence. With the use of the cell cycle indicators (FUCCI), cell cycle-specific radiation sensitivity, the cell cycle phase duration with live cell imaging, and single cell tracing were assessed. We observed that RPE-1 cells experience a longer G1 phase under hypoxia and retain a large fraction of cells that are non-cycling. Expression of HPV oncoprotein E7 prevents hypoxia-induced quiescence and abolishes the radioprotective effect. In line with this, HPV-negative cancer cell lines retain radioresistance, while HPV-positive cancer cell lines are radiosensitized upon reoxygenation. Quiescence induction in hypoxia and its HPV-driven prevention was observed in 3D multicellular spheroids. Collectively, we identify a new hypoxia-dependent radioprotective phenotype due to hypoxia-induced quiescence that accounts for a global decrease in radiosensitivity that can be retained upon reoxygenation and is absent in cells expressing oncoprotein E7.
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16
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Ruiz-Rodado V, Brender JR, Cherukuri MK, Gilbert MR, Larion M. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the study of cns malignancies. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 122:23-41. [PMID: 33632416 PMCID: PMC7910526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research, brain tumors are amongst the malignancies with the worst prognosis; therefore, a prompt diagnosis and thoughtful assessment of the disease is required. The resistance of brain tumors to most forms of conventional therapy has led researchers to explore the underlying biology in search of new vulnerabilities and biomarkers. The unique metabolism of brain tumors represents one potential vulnerability and the basis for a system of classification. Profiling this aberrant metabolism requires a method to accurately measure and report differences in metabolite concentrations. Magnetic resonance-based techniques provide a framework for examining tumor tissue and the evolution of disease. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis of biofluids collected from patients suffering from brain cancer can provide biological information about disease status. In particular, urine and plasma can serve to monitor the evolution of disease through the changes observed in the metabolic profiles. Moreover, cerebrospinal fluid can be utilized as a direct reporter of cerebral activity since it carries the chemicals exchanged with the brain tissue and the tumor mass. Metabolic reprogramming has recently been included as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Accordingly, the metabolic rewiring experienced by these tumors to sustain rapid growth and proliferation can also serve as a potential therapeutic target. The combination of 13C tracing approaches with the utilization of different NMR spectral modalities has allowed investigations of the upregulation of glycolysis in the aggressive forms of brain tumors, including glioblastomas, and the discovery of the utilization of acetate as an alternative cellular fuel in brain metastasis and gliomas. One of the major contributions of magnetic resonance to the assessment of brain tumors has been the non-invasive determination of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in tumors harboring a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). The mutational status of this enzyme already serves as a key feature in the clinical classification of brain neoplasia in routine clinical practice and pilot studies have established the use of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for monitoring disease progression and treatment response in IDH mutant gliomas. However, the development of bespoke methods for 2HG detection by MRS has been required, and this has prevented the wider implementation of MRS methodology into the clinic. One of the main challenges for improving the management of the disease is to obtain an accurate insight into the response to treatment, so that the patient can be promptly diverted into a new therapy if resistant or maintained on the original therapy if responsive. The implementation of 13C hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has allowed detection of changes in tumor metabolism associated with a treatment, and as such has been revealed as a remarkable tool for monitoring response to therapeutic strategies. In summary, the application of magnetic resonance-based methodologies to the diagnosis and management of brain tumor patients, in addition to its utilization in the investigation of its tumor-associated metabolic rewiring, is helping to unravel the biological basis of malignancies of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ruiz-Rodado
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States.
| | - Jeffery R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Murali K Cherukuri
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States.
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17
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Nickoloff JA, Taylor L, Sharma N, Kato TA. Exploiting DNA repair pathways for tumor sensitization, mitigation of resistance, and normal tissue protection in radiotherapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:244-263. [PMID: 34337349 PMCID: PMC8323830 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
More than half of cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy, which kills tumor cells by directly and indirectly inducing DNA damage, including cytotoxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Tumor cells respond to these threats by activating a complex signaling network termed the DNA damage response (DDR). The DDR arrests the cell cycle, upregulates DNA repair, and triggers apoptosis when damage is excessive. The DDR signaling and DNA repair pathways are fertile terrain for therapeutic intervention. This review highlights strategies to improve therapeutic gain by targeting DDR and DNA repair pathways to radiosensitize tumor cells, overcome intrinsic and acquired tumor radioresistance, and protect normal tissue. Many biological and environmental factors determine tumor and normal cell responses to ionizing radiation and genotoxic chemotherapeutics. These include cell type and cell cycle phase distribution; tissue/tumor microenvironment and oxygen levels; DNA damage load and quality; DNA repair capacity; and susceptibility to apoptosis or other active or passive cell death pathways. We provide an overview of radiobiological parameters associated with X-ray, proton, and carbon ion radiotherapy; DNA repair and DNA damage signaling pathways; and other factors that regulate tumor and normal cell responses to radiation. We then focus on recent studies exploiting DSB repair pathways to enhance radiotherapy therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A. Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Correspondence Address: Dr. Jac A. Nickoloff, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Ft. Collins, CO 80523-1681, USA. E-mail:
| | - Lynn Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Takamitsu A. Kato
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
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18
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Is Host Metabolism the Missing Link to Improving Cancer Outcomes? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092338. [PMID: 32825010 PMCID: PMC7564800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past 100 years, oncologists have relentlessly pursued the destruction of tumor cells by surgical, chemotherapeutic or radiation oncological means. Consistent with this focus, treatment plans are typically based on key characteristics of the tumor itself such as disease site, histology and staging based on local, regional and systemic dissemination. Precision medicine is similarly built on the premise that detailed knowledge of molecular alterations of tumor cells themselves enables better and more effective tumor cell destruction. Recently, host factors within the tumor microenvironment including the vasculature and immune systems have been recognized as modifiers of disease progression and are being targeted for therapeutic gain. In this review, we argue that—to optimize the impact of old and new treatment options—we need to take account of an epidemic that occurs independently of—but has major impact on—the development and treatment of malignant diseases. This is the rapidly increasing number of patients with excess weight and its’ attendant metabolic consequences, commonly described as metabolic syndrome. It is well established that patients with altered metabolism manifesting as obesity, metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation have an increased incidence of cancer. Here, we focus on evidence that these patients also respond differently to cancer therapy including radiation and provide a perspective how exercise, diet or pharmacological agents may be harnessed to improve therapeutic responses in this patient population.
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19
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Floberg JM, Wang L, Bandara N, Rashmi R, Mpoy C, Garbow JR, Rogers BE, Patti GJ, Schwarz JK. Alteration of Cellular Reduction Potential Will Change 64Cu-ATSM Signal With or Without Hypoxia. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:427-432. [PMID: 31586008 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.230805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies targeting reductive/oxidative (redox) metabolism hold potential in cancers resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. A redox imaging marker would help identify cancers susceptible to redox-directed therapies. Copper(II)-diacetyl-bis(4-methylthiosemicarbazonato) (Cu-ATSM) is a PET tracer developed for hypoxia imaging that could potentially be used for this purpose. We aimed to demonstrate that Cu-ATSM signal is dependent on cellular redox state, irrespective of hypoxia. Methods: We investigated the relationship between 64Cu-ATSM signal and redox state in human cervical and colon cancer cells. We altered redox state using drug strategies and single-gene mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1/2). Concentrations of reducing molecules were determined by spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared with 64Cu-ATSM signal in vitro. Mouse models of cervical cancer were used to evaluate the relationship between 64Cu-ATSM signal and levels of reducing molecules in vivo, as well as to evaluate the change in 64Cu-ATSM signal after redox-active drug treatment. Results: A correlation exists between baseline 64Cu-ATSM signal and cellular concentration of glutathione, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Altering NADH and NADPH metabolism using drug strategies and IDH1 mutations resulted in significant changes in 64Cu-ATSM signal under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia likewise changed 64Cu-ATSM signal, but treatment of hypoxic cells with redox-active drugs resulted in a more dramatic change than hypoxia alone. A significant difference in NADPH was seen between cervical tumor orthotopic implants in vivo, without a corresponding difference in 64Cu-ATSM signal. After treatment with β-lapachone, there was a change in 64Cu-ATSM signal in xenograft tumors smaller than 50 mg but not in larger tumors. Conclusion: 64Cu-ATSM signal reflects redox state, and altering redox state impacts 64Cu-ATSM metabolism. Our animal data suggest there are other modulating factors in vivo. These findings have implications for the use of 64Cu-ATSM as a predictive marker for redox therapies, though further in vivo work is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Floberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lingjue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nilantha Bandara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ramachandran Rashmi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Julie K Schwarz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; and.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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20
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Koenig JB, Cantu D, Low C, Sommer M, Noubary F, Croker D, Whalen M, Kong D, Dulla CG. Glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose prevents cortical hyperexcitability after traumatic brain injury. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126506. [PMID: 31038473 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes cortical dysfunction and can lead to post-traumatic epilepsy. Multiple studies demonstrate that GABAergic inhibitory network function is compromised following TBI, which may contribute to hyperexcitability and motor, behavioral, and cognitive deficits. Preserving the function of GABAergic interneurons, therefore, is a rational therapeutic strategy to preserve cortical function after TBI and prevent long-term clinical complications. Here, we explored an approach based on the ketogenic diet, a neuroprotective and anticonvulsant dietary therapy which results in reduced glycolysis and increased ketosis. Utilizing a pharmacologic inhibitor of glycolysis (2-deoxyglucose, or 2-DG), we found that acute in vitro application of 2-DG decreased the excitability of excitatory neurons, but not inhibitory interneurons, in cortical slices from naïve mice. Employing the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in mice, we found that in vitro 2-DG treatment rapidly attenuated epileptiform activity seen in acute cortical slices 3 to 5 weeks after TBI. One week of in vivo 2-DG treatment immediately after TBI prevented the development of epileptiform activity, restored excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity, and attenuated the loss of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons. In summary, 2-DG may have therapeutic potential to restore network function following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny B Koenig
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Cantu
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cho Low
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Program, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary Sommer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Farzad Noubary
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danielle Croker
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Whalen
- Neuroscience Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dong Kong
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chris G Dulla
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Spitz DR. Manipulations of Redox Metabolism for Enhancing Radiation Therapy Responses: A Historical Perspective and Novel Hypothesis. Semin Radiat Oncol 2019; 29:1-5. [PMID: 30573179 PMCID: PMC6709524 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the recognition during the 20th century that cancer cells demonstrated fundamental alterations in the regulation of oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, many basic as well as translational scientists have proposed that targeting metabolic differences in cancer versus normal cells could be exploited to improve cancer therapy outcomes. With the recognition that dysregulation of mitochondrial redox metabolism leads to the increased steady-state levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide which could contribute to both aging and cancer; radiation biologists have pursued many avenues of targeting oxidative metabolic pathways to both selectively radiosensitive cancer cells as well as protect normal tissues during cancer therapy. Recent advances in exploiting redox metabolism for improving radiochemotherapy both from a basic and translational science point of view are the focus of the papers in this current issue of Seminars in Radiation Oncology . The historical perspective underlying these areas of research as well as a unifying hypothesis for further advancing this research into clinical trials will be presented in this overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical Metabolism and Imaging Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242..
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