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Devaisy S, Kandasamy J, Aryal R, Johir MAH, Ratnaweera H, Vigneswaran S. Removal of Organics with Ion-Exchange Resins (IEX) from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:136. [PMID: 36837638 PMCID: PMC9967736 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) produced as the by-product of the reverse osmosis process consists of a high load of organics (macro and micro) that potentially cause eco-toxicological effects in the environment. Previous studies focused on the removal of such compounds using oxidation, adsorption, and membrane-based treatments. However, these methods were not always efficient and formed toxic by-products. The impact of ion-exchange resin (IEX) (Purolite®A502PS) was studied in a micro-filtration-IEX hybrid system to remove organics from ROC for varying doses of Purolite® A502PS (5-20 g/L) at a flux of 36 L/m2h. The purolite particles in the membrane reactor reduced membrane fouling, evidenced by the reduction of transmembrane pressure (TMP), by pre-adsorbing the organics, and by mechanically scouring the membrane. The dissolved organic carbon was reduced by 45-60%, out of which 48-81% of the hydrophilics were removed followed by the hydrophobics and low molecular weight compounds (LMWs). This was based on fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection. Negatively charged and hydrophobic organic compounds were preferentially removed by resin. Long-term experiments with different daily replacements of resin are suggested to minimize the resin requirements and energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanyah Devaisy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
- Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Vavuniya, Vavuniya 43000, Sri Lanka
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rupak Aryal
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Md Abu Hasan Johir
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
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Landry KA, Boyer TH. Fixed Bed Modeling of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Removal by Ion-Exchange in Synthetic Urine: Mass Removal or Toxicity Reduction? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10072-10080. [PMID: 28732156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion-exchange removal of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in synthetic urine can selectively remove pharmaceuticals with minimal coremoval of nutrients to enhance nutrient recovery efforts. However, the effect of endogenous metabolites in urine on ion-exchange removal, and the corresponding reduction in ecotoxicity potential of pharmaceuticals in treated urine entering the environment, is unknown. To assess treatment efficacy, this work paired predicted breakthrough curves determined by the homogeneous surface diffusion model to an in vitro bioassay to evaluate COX-1 inhibition. The presence of endogenous metabolites in urine significantly impacted pharmaceutical removal, by competing for ion-exchange sites on the resin and reducing the resin capacity for pharmaceuticals. This indicates ion-exchange would be ineffective at removing NSAIDs and other negatively charged compounds in urine. Due to hydrolysis of pharmaceutical metabolites back to the parent compound, treatment systems should be designed based on the ultimate pharmaceutical concentration in ureolyzed urine. Mass removal and COX-1 inhibition followed a nonlinear correlation and mixture toxicity followed the generalized concentration addition model. This work demonstrates the importance of evaluating removal of contaminants of emerging concern, such as pharmaceuticals, using a risk-based approach to ecotoxicity end points in conjunction with mass removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Landry
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure & Environment, University of Florida , P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6450, United States
| | - Treavor H Boyer
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , P.O. Box 873005, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
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Kalaruban M, Loganathan P, Shim W, Kandasamy J, Naidu G, Nguyen TV, Vigneswaran S. Removing nitrate from water using iron-modified Dowex 21K XLT ion exchange resin: Batch and fluidised-bed adsorption studies. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sun J, Li X, Quan Y, Yin Y, Zheng S. Effect of long-term organic removal on ion exchange properties and performance during sewage tertiary treatment by conventional anion exchange resins. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 136:181-189. [PMID: 25996990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the long-term dissolved organic matter (DOM), phosphorus and nitrogen removal performance of a commercially available conventional anion exchange resin (AER) from actual secondary effluent (SE) in a sewage treatment plant based on a pilot-scale operation (2.2 m(3) d(-1), 185 cycles, 37,000 bed volume, 1.5 years). Particular emphasis was given to the potential effect of DOM fouling on the ion exchange properties and performance during the long-term operation. Despite the large range of COD (15.6-33.5 mg L(-1)), BOD5 (3.0-5.6 mg L(-1)), DOC (6.5-24.2 mg L(-1)), and UV254 (UV absorption at 254 nm) (0.108-0.229 cm(-1)) levels in the SE, the removal efficiencies of the AER for the aforementioned parameters were 43±12%, 46±15%, 45±9%, and 72±4%, respectively. Based on three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix data, i.e., the fluorescence intensities of four regions (peaks A-D), all organic components of the SE were effectively removed (peak A 74%, peak B 48%, peak C 55%, and peak D 45%) following the adsorption. The AER effluent still has considerable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons' ecological hazard on freshwater fishes when they were significantly removed from SE. The obvious DOM fouling on the AER, identified by color change, had no significant influence on the long-term removal of the representative inorganic anions (averaging 95±4% phosphate, 100±0% SO4(2-), and 62±17% NO3(-)) and AER properties (including total exchange capacity, moisture content, and true density). The conventional AER can produce high quality reclaimed water from SE at a low operational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Quan
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yunjun Yin
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shaokui Zheng
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Shanmuganathan S, Nguyen TV, Shim W, Kandasamy J, Listowski A, Vigneswaran S. Effluent organic matter removal from reverse osmosis feed by granular activated carbon and purolite A502PS fluidized beds. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nguyen DD, Ngo HH, Kim SD, Yoon YS. A specific pilot-scale membrane hybrid treatment system for municipal wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:52-61. [PMID: 25033324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A specifically designed pilot-scale hybrid wastewater treatment system integrating an innovative equalizing reactor (EQ), rotating hanging media bioreactor (RHMBR) and submerged flat sheet membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was evaluated for its effectiveness in practical, long-term, real-world applications. The pilot system was operated at a constant flux, but with different internal recycle flow rates (Q) over a long-term operating of 475 days. At 4 Q internal recycle flow rate, BOD5, CODCr, NH4(+)-N, T-N, T-P and TSS was highly removed with efficiencies up to 99.88 ± 0.05%, 95.01 ± 1.62%, 100%, 90.42 ± 2.43%, 73.44 ± 6.03%, and 99.93 ± 0.28%, respectively. Furthermore, the effluent quality was also superior in terms of turbidity (<1 NTU), color (<15 TCU) and taste (inoffensive). The results indicated that with providing only chemically cleaned-in-place (CIP) during the entire period of operation, the membrane could continuously maintain a constant permeate flux of 22.77 ± 2.19 L/m(2)h. In addition, the power consumption was also found to be reasonably low (0.92-1.62 k Wh/m(3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, 448-701, South Korea; Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sa Dong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, 448-701, South Korea
| | - Yong Soo Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, 448-701, South Korea.
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Nur T, Johir M, Loganathan P, Nguyen T, Vigneswaran S, Kandasamy J. Phosphate removal from water using an iron oxide impregnated strong base anion exchange resin. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shanmuganathan S, Nguyen TV, Shim W, Kandasamy J, Vigneswaran S. Performance of submerged membrane – Ion exchange hybrid system with Purolite A502PS in treating reverse osmosis feed. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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