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Stoffel D, Derlon N, Traber J, Staaks C, Heijnen M, Morgenroth E, Jacquin C. Gravity-driven membrane filtration with compact second-life modules daily backwashed: An alternative to conventional ultrafiltration for centralized facilities. WATER RESEARCH X 2023; 18:100178. [PMID: 37250288 PMCID: PMC10214304 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration is a strategic alternative to conventional ultrafiltration (UF) for the resilient production of drinking water via ultrafiltration when resources become scarce, given the low dependency on energy and chemicals, and longer membrane lifetime. Implementation at large scale requires the use of compact and low-cost membrane modules with high biopolymer removal capacity. We therefore evaluated (1) to what extent stable flux can be obtained with compact membrane modules, i.e., inside-out hollow fiber membranes, and frequent gravity-driven backwash, (2) whether we can reduce membrane expenses by effectively utilizing second-life UF modules, i.e., modules that have been discarded by treatment plant operators because they are no longer under warranty, (3) if biopolymer removal could be maintained when applying a frequent backwash and with second-life modules and (4) which GDM filtration scenarios are economically viable compared to conventional UF, when considering the influence of new or second-life modules, membrane lifetime, stable flux value and energy pricing. Our findings showed that it was possible to maintain stable fluxes around 10 L/m2/h with both new and second-life modules for 142 days, but a daily gravity-driven backwash was necessary and sufficient to compensate the continuous flux drop observed with compact modules. In addition, the backwash did not affect the biopolymer removal. Costs calculations revealed two significant findings: (1) using second-life modules made GDM filtration membrane investment less expensive than conventional UF, despite the higher module requirements for GDM filtration and (2) overall costs of GDM filtration with a gravity-driven backwash were unaffected by energy prices rise, while conventional UF costs rose significantly. The later increased the number of economically viable GDM filtration scenarios, including scenarios with new modules. In summary, we proposed an approach that could make GDM filtration in centralized facilities feasible and increase the range of UF operating conditions to better adapt to increasing environmental and societal constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Stoffel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Traber
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Céline Jacquin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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2
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Gonzales RR, Abdel-Wahab A, Han DS, Matsuyama H, Phuntsho S, Shon HK. Control of the antagonistic effects of heat-assisted chlorine oxidative degradation on pressure retarded osmosis thin film composite membrane surface. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Impact of Chlorinated-Assisted Backwash and Air Backwash on Ultrafiltration Fouling Management for Urban Wastewater Tertiary Treatment. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100733. [PMID: 34677498 PMCID: PMC8541663 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To improve membrane fouling management, the NaClO-assisted backwash has been developed to improve permeability maintenance and reduce the need for intensive chemical cleanings. This study is aimed to focus on the efficiency of NaClO-assisted backwash in real UF pilot scale and with periodic classic backwash (CB) and air backwash (AB). The impacts on hydraulic filtration performance, physicochemical properties of membrane material under different addition frequencies of NaClO, and the performance of chlorinated CB and AB will be discussed. In result, 10 mg Cl2 L−1 NaClO addition in backwash water is confirmed to greatly improve the overall filtration performance and backwash cleaning efficiency. One condition stands out from the other due to better control of irreversible fouling, less NaClO consumption in 10 years prediction, sustainable and adaptable filtration performance, and less potential damage on the physicochemical properties of the membrane. Additionally, it can be inferred from this experiment that frequent contact with NaClO induced some degradation on the PES-made UF membrane surface properties. To retain the best state of UF membrane on anti-fouling and qualified production, the optimized condition with more frequent NaClO contact was not suggested for long-term filtration.
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Grünig LE, Handge UA, Koll J, Gronwald O, Weber M, Hankiewicz B, Scharnagl N, Abetz V. Dual Layer Hollow Fiber Membranes with Functionalized Separation Layer for Improved Hydrophilicity. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Elena Grünig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH Institut für Membranforschung Max-Planck-Straße 1 21502 Geesthacht Deutschland
| | - Ulrich Alexander Handge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH Institut für Membranforschung Max-Planck-Straße 1 21502 Geesthacht Deutschland
| | - Joachim Koll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH Institut für Membranforschung Max-Planck-Straße 1 21502 Geesthacht Deutschland
| | - Oliver Gronwald
- BASF SE Advanced Materials & Systems Research Performance Polymer Blends & Membranes, RAP/ES 67056 Ludwigshafen Deutschland
| | - Martin Weber
- BASF SE Advanced Materials & Systems Research Performance Polymer Blends & Membranes, RAP/ES 67056 Ludwigshafen Deutschland
| | | | - Nico Scharnagl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH Institut für Oberflächenforschung Max-Planck-Straße 1 21502 Geesthacht Deutschland
| | - Volker Abetz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon GmbH Institut für Membranforschung Max-Planck-Straße 1 21502 Geesthacht Deutschland
- Universität Hamburg Grindelallee 117 20146 Hamburg Deutschland
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Rabiller-Baudry M, Loulergue P, Girard J, El Mansour El Jastimi M, Bouzin A, Le Gallic M, Moreac A, Rabiller P. Consequences of membrane aging on real or misleading evaluation of membrane cleaning by flux measurements. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Hydrophilic Dual Layer Hollow Fiber Membranes for Ultrafiltration. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10070143. [PMID: 32640651 PMCID: PMC7407275 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10070143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a triblock copolymer was used as additive to fabricate new dual layer hollow fiber membranes with a hydrophilic active inner surface in order to improve their fouling resistance. The polymeric components of the solutions for membrane fabrication were poly(ether sulfone), poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), and the triblock copolymer. The additive consists of three blocks: a middle hydrophobic poly(ether sulfone) block and two outer hydrophilic alkyl poly(ethylene glycol) blocks. By varying the additive concentration in the solutions, it was possible to fabricate dual layer hollow fiber membranes that are characterized by a hydrophilic inner layer, a pure water permeance of over 1800 L/(m2 bar h) and a molecular weight cut-off of 100 kDa similar to commercial membranes. Contact angle and composition determination by XPS measurements revealed the hydrophilic character of the membranes, which improved with increasing additive concentration. Rheological, dynamic light scattering, transmission, and cloud point experiments elucidated the molecular interaction, precipitation, and spinning behavior of the solutions. The low-molecular weight additive reduces the solution viscosity and thus the average relaxation time. On the contrary, slow processes appear with increasing additive concentration in the scattering data. Furthermore, phase separation occurred at a lower non-solvent concentration and the precipitation time increased with increasing additive content. These effects revealed a coupling mechanism of the triblock copolymer with poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) in solution. The chosen process parameters as well as the additive solutions provide an easy and inexpensive way to create an antifouling protection layer in situ with established recipes of poly(ether sulfone) hollow fiber membranes. Therefore, the membranes are promising candidates for fast integration in the membrane industry.
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Xu B, Albert Ng TC, Huang S, Shi X, Ng HY. Feasibility of isolated novel facultative quorum quenching consortiums for fouling control in an AnMBR. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 114:151-180. [PMID: 31706123 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology is being recognized as an appealing strategy for wastewater treatment, however, severity of membrane fouling inhibits its widespread implementations. This study engineered novel facultative quorum quenching consortiums (FQQs) coping with membrane fouling in AnMBRs with preliminary analysis for their quorum quenching (QQ) performances. Herein, Acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs)-based quorum sensing (QS) in a lab-scale AnMBR initially revealed that N-Hexanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-Octanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) and N-Decanoyl-dl-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) were the dominant AHLs in AnMBRs in this study. Three FQQs, namely, FQQ-C6, FQQ-C8 and FQQ-C10, were harvested after anaerobic screening of aerobic QQ consortiums (AeQQs) which were isolated by enrichment culture, aiming to degrade C6-HSL, C8-HSL and C10-HSL, respectively. Growth of FQQ-C6 and FQQ-C10 using AHLs as carbon source under anaerobic condition was significantly faster than those using acetate, congruously suggesting that their QQ performance will not be compromised in AnMBRs. All FQQs degraded a wide range of AHLs pinpointing their extensive QQ ability. FQQ-C6, FQQ-C8 and FQQ-C10 remarkably alleviated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production in a lab-scale AnMBR by 72.46%, 35.89% and 65.88%, respectively, and FQQ-C6 retarded membrane fouling of the AnMBR by 2 times. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that there was a major shift in dominant species from AeQQs to FQQs where Comamonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Stenotrophomonas sp. and Ochrobactrum sp. survived after anaerobic screening and were the majority in FQQs. High growth rate utilizing AHLs under anaerobic condition and enormous EPS retardation efficiency in FQQ-C6 and FQQ-C10 could be attributed to Comamonas sp.. These findings demonstrated that FQQs could be leveraged for QQ under anaerobic systems. We believe that this was the first work proposing a bacterial pool of facultative QQ candidates holding biotechnological promises for membrane fouling control in AnMBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Xu
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Tze Chiang Albert Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576
| | - Xueqing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - How Yong Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.
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8
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Xin C, Wang J, Jia H, Wen H, Li J. Hollow fiber membrane integrity warning device based on laser extinction particles detection technology. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Fan G, Su Z, Lin R, Jiang Z, Xu R, Wang S. Removal of organics by combined process of coagulation-chlorination-ultrafiltration: optimization of overall operation parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2703-2714. [PMID: 28791888 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1365937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To gain the run parameters of the combined process of coagulation/in situ chlorination/ultrafiltration (UF) so that the system can remove as much organic contaminants as possible without serious membrane fouling, the impacts of operation conditions in coagulation and pre-chlorination unit were investigated in a pilot-scale test. The characteristics of organics in UF influent were examined by excitation emission matrix spectroscopy to find out fouling behavior of different natural organic matter compositions to UF membrane. Thereafter, the operation parameters of different processing units of the hybrid device were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the tests with the agitation speed of 40 r min-1 had the lowest membrane fouling rate and the highest CODMn removal, in addition, inappropriate dosage of sodium hypochlorite in membrane influent might exert negative impacts on membrane by lowering UV254 rejection, especially during the high algae laden period. The predominant factors of membrane fouling were the existence of tryptophan protein-like substances and the soluble microbial products. Optimum values of the mechanical rotation speed in coagulation unit, chemical dosage in pre-chlorination unit, and membrane flux in UF unit of the integrative process were 41.79 r min-1, 1.40 mg L-1, and 82.26 LMH, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongduan Fan
- a College of Civil Engineering , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyue Su
- a College of Civil Engineering , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Rujing Lin
- a College of Civil Engineering , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuwu Jiang
- b College of Eco-Environment and Urban-Construction , Fujian University of Technology , Fuzhou , Fujian Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Renxing Xu
- a College of Civil Engineering , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Wang
- c Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Material and Restoration Technology , Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
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10
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Wu Q, Zhang X, Cao G. Impacts of sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite aging on polyvinylidene fluoride membranes fabricated with different methods. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 67:294-308. [PMID: 29778163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of chemical aging on the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes fabricated with the methods of non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) (named NIPS-PVDF) and thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) (named TIPS-PVDF). The chemical solutions of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were chosen at the concentration of 5000mg/L. The equivalence of 5 and 10years was respectively selected as the time of aging. The physicochemical evolutions of membrane aging are characterized on the base of morphology analysis, chemical components, permeation ability and mechanical properties. The aging of NIPS-PVDF membrane led to the elimination of surface hydrophilic additives, while NaOH focused on the dehydrofluorination process resulting in the formation of conjugated chains of polyene on the skeleton structure. The chemical components of the surface of TIPS-PVDF membrane were removed continuously during the aging processes of both NaClO and NaOH, which was caused by the saponification of surface additives and the chain scissions of skeleton structure, but without producing any obvious conjugated chains of polyene. All the aging processes led to the increase of contact angle and the decrease of mechanical properties, and the permeability was reduced first and increased later due to the enlargement of surface membrane pores and membrane block. With the influence of membrane aging, selectivity of membrane was decreased (except coliform bacteria). At the beginning of filtration, the turbidity and particle count were at relatively high levels and declined with the filtration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Guangdong 518055, China; Foshan Water Group, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Xihui Zhang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Guangdong 518055, China; Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong 518055, China.
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11
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Abdullah SZ, Bérubé PR. Filtration and cleaning performances of PVDF membranes aged with exposure to sodium hypochlorite. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Effect of sodium hypochlorite exposure on polysulfone recycled UF membranes and their surface characterization. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Zhou Z, Huang G, Xiong Y, Zhou M, Zhang S, Tang CY, Meng F. Unveiling the Susceptibility of Functional Groups of Poly(ether sulfone)/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Membranes to NaOCl: A Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopic Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14342-14351. [PMID: 29135237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A clear understanding of membrane aging process is essential for the optimization of chemical cleaning in membrane-based facilities. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) correlation spectroscopy (CoS) analysis was first used to decipher the sequential order of functional group changes of NaOCl-aged poly(ether sulfone)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PES/PVP) membranes. The synchronous maps showed 12 major autopeaks in total. Based on the asynchronous maps, a similar aging sequence of membrane groups was clearly identified at three pHs (i.e., 6, 8, and 10): 1463, 1440, and 1410 (cyclic C-H structures) > 1662 (amide groups) > 1700 (succinimide groups) > 1320, 1292 (S═O asymmetric) > 1486, 1580 (aromatic structures) > 1241 (aromatic ether bands) > 1105, 1150 cm-1 (O═S═O symmetric). Among them, membrane chlorination occurred at 1241, 1410, and 1440 cm-1. Moreover, the initial degradation of PVP and the subsequent transformation of PES could be highly responsible for the increased water permeability and the enlargement of membrane pores, respectively, both leading to serious fouling with humic acid filtration. In summary, the 2D-FTIR-CoS analysis is a powerful approach to reveal the interaction mechanisms of NaOCl-membrane and could be also useful to probe the process of membrane fouling and chemical cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guocheng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Minghao Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
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Combernoux N, Labed V, Schrive L, Wyart Y, Carretier E, Moulin P. Effect of gamma irradiation at intermediate doses on the performance of reverse osmosis membranes. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Transformation of end-of-life RO membranes into NF and UF membranes: Evaluation of membrane performance. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Causserand C, Pellegrin B, Rouch JC. Effects of sodium hypochlorite exposure mode on PES/PVP ultrafiltration membrane degradation. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 85:316-326. [PMID: 26342915 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water production plants using membrane filtration processes report membrane failure issues. According to the literature, membrane degradation is often induced by exposure to sodium hypochlorite, an oxidant widely used during in-place cleanings. The present study focused on quantifying the effect of membrane exposure mode to hypochlorite on properties modifications of a PES/PVP ultrafiltration membrane widely used for drinking water production. For this purpose effects of sodium hypochlorite concentration, contact duration and exposure mode (static or dynamic) were investigated. The pH of the hypochlorite solution was set to 8 as it was demonstrated in numerous previous works that the pH range 7-8 leads to the most severe modification in the membrane characteristics. Membrane degradation was monitored at molecular scale by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy and at macroscopic scale by pure water permeability and elongation at break measurements. The results obtained in static (soaking) and dynamic (filtration and filtration/backwashing cycles) hypochlorite exposure modes indicated that PES/PVP membrane degradation progress was predominantly governed by hypochlorite oxidation rate. In the tested conditions, mechanical stress (pressure differentials) did not significantly contribute to membrane ageing. The correlation between molecular and macroscopic characterizations demonstrated that PVP degradation is responsible for the membrane integrity loss. A linear relationship between the loss of ductility of the membrane and the progress of the PVP degradation was obtained whatever the exposure mode. Thanks to experiments conducted at various hypochlorite concentrations and exposure durations, the hypochlorite dose parameter (hypochlorite concentration times contact time), widely used in the literature, was demonstrated to be inappropriate to describe the degradation rate: the hypochlorite concentration impact was shown to be dominating the exposure time's one on the degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Causserand
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France; CNRS, UMR 5503, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Bastien Pellegrin
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France; CNRS, UMR 5503, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Rouch
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France; CNRS, UMR 5503, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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17
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Ageing of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes under long-term exposures to alkaline and acidic cleaning solutions. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Impact of pretreatment conditions and chemical ageing on ultrafiltration membrane performances. Diagnostic of a coagulation/adsorption/filtration process. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Rabiller-Baudry M, Bouzin A, Hallery C, Girard J, Leperoux C. Evidencing the chemical degradation of a hydrophilised PES ultrafiltration membrane despite protein fouling. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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21
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Piasecka A, Bernstein R, Ollevier F, Meersman F, Souffreau C, Bilad RM, Cottenie K, Vanysacker L, Denis C, Vankelecom I. Study of biofilms on PVDF membranes after chemical cleaning by sodium hypochlorite. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Rabuni M, Nik Sulaiman N, Aroua M, Yern Chee C, Awanis Hashim N. Impact of in situ physical and chemical cleaning on PVDF membrane properties and performances. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Hanafi Y, Szymczyk A, Rabiller-Baudry M, Baddari K. Degradation of poly(ether sulfone)/polyvinylpyrrolidone membranes by sodium hypochlorite: insight from advanced electrokinetic characterizations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13419-13426. [PMID: 25365117 DOI: 10.1021/es5027882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ether sulfone) (PES)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) membranes are widely used in various industrial fields such as drinking water production and in the dairy industry. However, the use of oxidants to sanitize the processing equipment is known to impair the integrity and lifespan of polymer membranes. In this work we showed how thorough electrokinetic measurements can provide essential information regarding the mechanism of degradation of PES/PVP membranes by sodium hypochlorite. Tangential streaming current measurements were performed with ultrafiltration and nanofiltration PES/PVP membranes for various aging times. The electrokinetic characterization of membranes was complemented by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Results confirmed that sodium hypochlorite induces the degradation of both PES and PVP. This latter is easily oxidized by sodium hypochlorite, which leads to an increase in the negative charge density of the membrane due to the formation of carboxylic acid groups. The PVP was also found to be partly released from the membrane with aging time. Thanks to the advanced electrokinetic characterization implemented in this work it was possible for the first time to demonstrate that two different mechanisms are involved in the degradation of PES. Phenol groups were first formed as a result of the oxidation of PES aromatic rings by substitution of hydrogen by hydroxyl radicals. For more severe aging conditions, this membrane degradation mechanism was followed by the formation of sulfonic acid functions, thus indicating a second degradation process through scission of PES chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina Hanafi
- Université de Rennes 1 , Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (UMR CNRS 6226), 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes, France
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Regula C, Carretier E, Wyart Y, Gésan-Guiziou G, Vincent A, Boudot D, Moulin P. Chemical cleaning/disinfection and ageing of organic UF membranes: a review. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 56:325-365. [PMID: 24704985 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Membrane separation processes have become a basic unit operation for process design and product development. These processes are used in a variety of separation and concentration steps, but in all cases, the membranes must be cleaned regularly to remove both organic and inorganic material deposited on the surface and/or into the membrane bulk. Cleaning/disinfection is a vital step in maintaining the permeability and selectivity of the membrane in order to get the plant to its original capacity, to minimize risks of bacteriological contamination, and to make acceptable products. For this purpose, a large number of chemical cleaning/disinfection agents are commercially available. In general, these cleaning/disinfection agents have to improve the membrane flux to a certain extent. However, they can also cause irreversible damages in membrane properties and performances over the long term. Until now, there is considerably less literature dedicated to membrane ageing than to cleaning/disinfection. The knowledge in cleaning/disinfection efficiency has recently been improved. But in order to develop optimized cleaning/disinfection protocols there still remains a challenge to better understand membrane ageing. In order to compensate for the lack of correlated cleaning/disinfection and ageing data from the literature, this paper investigates cleaning/disinfection efficiencies and ageing damages of organic ultrafiltration membranes. The final aim is to provide less detrimental cleaning/disinfection procedures and to propose some guidelines which should have been taken into consideration in term of membrane ageing studies. To carry out this study, this article will detail the background of cleaning/disinfection and aging membrane topics in a first introductive part. In a second part, key factors and endpoints of cleaning/disinfection and aging membranes will be discussed deeply: the membrane role and the cleaning parameters roles, such as water quality, storing conditions, cleaning/disinfection/aging agents/conditions/protocols. The third and last part will be developed the parameters, methods and ways of characterization at our disposal and commonly used to develop and implement membrane cleaning and/or ageing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Regula
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Europôle de l'Arbois, BP80, Pavillon Laennec, Hall C, 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France; ECOLAB, 8 rue Rouget de Lisle, 92442 Issy les Moulineaux Cedex, France
| | - E Carretier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Europôle de l'Arbois, BP80, Pavillon Laennec, Hall C, 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France
| | - Y Wyart
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Europôle de l'Arbois, BP80, Pavillon Laennec, Hall C, 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France
| | - G Gésan-Guiziou
- INRA, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000 Rennes, France; AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - A Vincent
- ECOLAB, 8 rue Rouget de Lisle, 92442 Issy les Moulineaux Cedex, France
| | - D Boudot
- ECOLAB, 8 rue Rouget de Lisle, 92442 Issy les Moulineaux Cedex, France
| | - P Moulin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, Equipe Procédés Membranaires (EPM), Europôle de l'Arbois, BP80, Pavillon Laennec, Hall C, 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France.
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Garcia-Vasquez W, Ghalloussi R, Dammak L, Larchet C, Nikonenko V, Grande D. Structure and properties of heterogeneous and homogeneous ion-exchange membranes subjected to ageing in sodium hypochlorite. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abdullah SZ, Bérubé PR. Assessing the effects of sodium hypochlorite exposure on the characteristics of PVDF based membranes. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:5392-5399. [PMID: 23863391 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite is commonly used as a cleaning agent to remove adsorbed foulants from PVDF based micro/ultra filtration membranes in water and wastewater treatment applications. Although effective for fouling control, extended sodium hypochlorite exposure can affect the physical/chemical characteristics and hinder the treatment performance of these membranes. To assess these effects, PVDF based membranes were exposed to sodium hypochlorite at different concentrations for varying periods of time, and the physical/chemical characteristics of the virgin and sodium hypochlorite exposed membranes were compared. The membranes were characterized based on chemical composition (FTIR and NMR), mechanical strength (yield strength), surface hydrophilicity (contact angle), pore size and porosity (scanning electron microscopy and challenge test), and membrane resistance (clean water permeation test). The results indicated that exposure dose and concentration of the sodium hypochlorite used have significant influence on the membrane characteristics. The impact of sodium hypochlorite exposure on the parameters investigated could be most accurately and consistently correlated to an exposure dose relationship of the form C(n)t (where, C = concentration and t = exposure time) rather than the Ct relationship commonly used to define the extent of exposure to cleaning agents. For all the parameters investigated, the power coefficient n was less than 1 indicating that time had a greater impact on the changes than did the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite. The results suggest that the use of sodium hypochlorite for chemical cleaning, at concentrations that are higher than those typically used for chemical cleaning would have less of an effect on the characteristics of the membrane materials. Changes in the characteristics were attributed to the oxidation of the hydrophilic additives (HA) present in blended PVDF membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Z Abdullah
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Civil Engineering, 2002 - 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, B.C, Canada.
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