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Agaliotis EM, Ake-Concha BD, May-Pat A, Morales-Arias JP, Bernal C, Valadez-Gonzalez A, Herrera-Franco PJ, Proust G, Koh-Dzul JF, Carrillo JG, Flores-Johnson EA. Tensile Behavior of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Based Composites Reinforced with Natural Fiber. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193976. [PMID: 36235924 PMCID: PMC9570513 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural fiber-reinforced composite (NFRC) filaments for 3D printing were fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with 1–5 wt% henequen flour comprising particles with sizes between 90–250 μm. The flour was obtained from natural henequen fibers. NFRCs and pristine PLA specimens were printed with a 0° raster angle for tension tests. The results showed that the NFRCs’ measured density, porosity, and degree of crystallinity increased with flour content. The tensile tests showed that the NFRC Young’s modulus was lower than that of the printed pristine PLA. For 1 wt% flour content, the NFRCs’ maximum stress and strain to failure were higher than those of the printed PLA, which was attributed to the henequen fibers acting as reinforcement and delaying crack growth. However, for 2 wt% and higher flour contents, the NFRCs’ maximum stress was lower than that of the printed PLA. Microscopic characterization after testing showed an increase in voids and defects, with the increase in flour content attributed to particle agglomeration. For 1 wt% flour content, the NFRCs were also printed with raster angles of ±45° and 90° for comparison; the highest tensile properties were obtained with a 0° raster angle. Finally, adding 3 wt% content of maleic anhydride to the NFRC with 1 wt% flour content slightly increased the maximum stress. The results presented herein warrant further research to fully understand the mechanical properties of printed NFRCs made of PLA reinforced with natural henequen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana M. Agaliotis
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Las Heras 2214, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología (ITPN), Av. Las Heras 2214, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina
| | - Baltazar D. Ake-Concha
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Alejandro May-Pat
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Juan P. Morales-Arias
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá 111321, Localidad de Teusaquillo, Colombia
| | - Celina Bernal
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Las Heras 2214, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología (ITPN), Av. Las Heras 2214, Buenos Aires C1127AAR, Argentina
| | - Alex Valadez-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pedro J. Herrera-Franco
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gwénaëlle Proust
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Manufacturing Hub, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - J. Francisco Koh-Dzul
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jose G. Carrillo
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.G.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Emmanuel A. Flores-Johnson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.G.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
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A simple self-regulating permeability and selectivity of poly (arylene ether ketone) with amino groups for gas separation membrane. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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González-Díaz MO, Sulub-Sulub R, Herrera-Kao W, Vázquez-Torres H, Zolotukhin MG, Aguilar-Vega M. Enhanced Gas Transport Performance of Polyamide Membranes by Postpolymerization Modification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Humberto Vázquez-Torres
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Mikhail G. Zolotukhin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, CU, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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