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Zhang P, Zhu S, Xiong C, Yan B, Wang Z, Li K, Olivier I, Wang H. Flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris-induced algal blooms: critical conditions and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:78809-78820. [PMID: 35699884 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Algal blooms have posed great threats to livestocks and human health. Although flocculation is effective, its efficiency may hinder the direct application for algal blooms. In this study, critical (optimal) conditions and mechanisms for AlCl3, FeCl3, poly-aluminum chloride (PAC), chitosan, and polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDADMAC)-induced flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) were studied. Results identified the critical conditions which can cause flocculation efficiencies over 90% in 45 min for the five flocculants. Specifically, 4~10-mg/L doses of PDADMAC were proved to be appropriate for the treatment of C. vulgaris-induced algal blooms at pH 6.0~12.0. To probe the underlying mechanisms, functional groups involved in flocculation, zeta potential, and species distribution were analyzed during flocculation. FT-IR results indicated that N-H stretching in amine and C-H deformation in aliphatics were involved in algal flocculation with FeCl3, and C-H deformation played an important role with PDADMAC, PAC, and chitosan. For AlCl3, zeta potential and species distribution results suggested that charge neutralization and adsorption bridging were responsible for algal flocculation at pH 6~8. However, adsorption bridging and sweeping effects were the main mechanisms at pH >3 for FeCl3. The flocculation mechanisms for the rest of the three polymers were charge neutralization, adsorption bridging, and sweeping. Meanwhile, all the flocculation processes followed second-order kinetics. Strong linkages were found between the rate constant, fractal dimension, and flocculation efficiency (P < 0.05). The results of critical flocculation conditions and mechanisms indicated that PDADMAC was an excellent flocculant for C. vulgaris removing and recycling, especially in water bloom treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Sihan Zhu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bin Yan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404020, China
| | - Zhikang Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Kai Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Irumva Olivier
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- University of Rwanda, College of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Han Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Ren B, Weitzel KA, Duan X, Nadagouda MN, Dionysiou DD. A comprehensive review on algae removal and control by coagulation-based processes: mechanism, material, and application. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Wu H, Huang Y, Liu B, Han G, Su S, Wang W, Yang S, Xue Y, Li S. An efficient separation for metal-ions from wastewater by ion precipitate flotation: Probing formation and growth evolution of metal-reagent flocs. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128363. [PMID: 33297278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous metal pollution became a severe environmental issue in China. An efficient precipitation-flotation process was developed to achieve fast removal for metal-ions from wastewater. Structure and strength of precipitate particles/flocs significantly influence the flotation removal of metal-ions. Formation and growth-evolution of precipitate flocs in precipitate flotation were studied by stage analysis of precipitate particles-formation, flocs-regulation and flotation separation. The results demonstrate that early formed precipitates MHA(humics-metal complexing particles) have small particle size, high fractal dimension, low strength and recovery factor. The addition of Fe3+ and CTAB(cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) reagents make the precipitate particles aggregated to flocs(MHA-Fe, MHA-Fe-CTAB) much more large, loose, coarse, and small-density. The final generated MHA-Fe-CTAB flocs are hard to be broken up, easy to be recovered and efficient to be separated by flotation process. The flotation removal of MHA-Fe-CTAB flocs is clearly higher than that of MHA or MHA-Fe. The flotation results of MHA-Fe-CTAB are as follows: flotation removal of 98.7 ± 0.40%-99.9 ± 0.10%, residual TOC of 0.96 ± 0.38-1.35 ± 0.41 mg/L and turbidity of 0.44 ± 0.09-0.63 ± 0.16 NTU. Introducing Fe3+ and CTAB reagents into flotation solution contributes to the growth-evolution of precipitate flocs, which could intensify the metal-ions removal via precipitate flotation process and result in more ideal purification indexes for metal-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, PR China; School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, 471000, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Yanfang Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Guihong Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Shengpeng Su
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yubin Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, PR China
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Musa M, Wolf J, Stephens E, Hankamer B, Brown R, Rainey TJ. Cationic polyacrylamide induced flocculation and turbulent dewatering of microalgae on a Britt Dynamic Drainage Jar. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Magnetophoretic Harvesting of Nannochloropsis oculata Using Iron Oxide Immobilized Beads. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the harvesting of Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae through the use of nanosized Fe3O4 immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) as a flocculant (Fe3O4/PS) is investigated. Using the Fe3O4/PS immobilized beads could reduce the amount of soluble ferrous ions (Fe2+) released from naked Fe3O4 in acid treatment, leading to easy recovery. The characterization was performed under different dosages and pH values of Fe3O4/PS. The results show that the Fe3O4/PS, when applied to the algae culture (500 mg dry cell weight/L), achieves a 96% harvesting efficiency under conditions of a pH of 4 with 200 mT magnetic field intensity. Fe3O4/PS can be directly reused without adjusting the pH value. The recycled Fe3O4/PS shows stability in terms of its surface properties, maintaining more than 80% harvesting efficiency after five recycles. Magnetophoretic harvesting, using immobilized magnetic iron oxide as a particle-based flocculant, is a potential method to reduce challenges related to the cost-effective microalgae-harvesting method.
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Ren HY, Xiao RN, Kong F, Zhao L, Xing D, Ma J, Ren NQ, Liu BF. Enhanced biomass and lipid accumulation of mixotrophic microalgae by using low-strength ultrasonic stimulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:606-610. [PMID: 30389248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic treatment was applied to enhance the biomass and lipid accumulation of mixotrophic microalgae. The optimal microalgal ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic interval and growth phase were 20 W, 20 Hz, 2 s and logarithmic phase, respectively. The maximum biomass concentration and lipid content reached 2.78 g L-1 and 28.5%, which were 26.9% and 37% higher than those of the control group. Microscope analysis shows that ultrasonic exposure caused tiny cracks or holes on the surface of cell walls, but did not damage the integrity of algal cell structure. After ultrasonic stimulation, the permeability of membrane and the transport of nutrients were improved, and the utilization rate of substrate and pigment concentration increased 22.7% and 18.4%, respectively. However, excessive ultrasonic irradiation significantly inhibited the cell growth and lipid accumulation of microalgae. This study indicates the feasibility and efficiency of using low-strength ultrasound in promoting biomass and lipid production of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Ruo-Nan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Nguyen TDP, Le TVA, Show PL, Nguyen TT, Tran MH, Tran TNT, Lee SY. Bioflocculation formation of microalgae-bacteria in enhancing microalgae harvesting and nutrient removal from wastewater effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:34-39. [PMID: 30308405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal bacterial flocs can be a promising approach for microalgae harvesting and wastewater treatment. The present study provides an insight on the bioflocs formation to enhance harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris and the removal of nutrients from seafood wastewater effluent. The results showed that the untreated seafood wastewater was the optimal culture medium for the cultivation and bioflocculation of C. vulgaris, with the flocculating activity of 92.0 ± 6.0%, total suspended solids removal of 93.0 ± 5.5%, and nutrient removal of 88.0 ± 2.2%. The bioflocs collected under this optimal condition contained dry matter of 107.2 ± 5.6 g·L-1 and chlorophyll content of 25.5 ± 0.2 mg·L-1. The results were promising when compared to those obtained from the auto-flocculation process that induced by the addition of calcium chloride and pH adjustment. Additionally, bacteria present in the wastewater aided to promote the formation of bioflocculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Dong Phuong Nguyen
- University of Technology and Education, University of Danang, 48 Cao Thang St, 550000 Danang, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Van Anh Le
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St, 10000 Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thanh Thuy Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01 Yecxanh St, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Hien Tran
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01 Yecxanh St, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Ngoc Thu Tran
- University of Technology and Education, University of Danang, 48 Cao Thang St, 550000 Danang, Viet Nam
| | - Sze Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Identifying Surface Runoff Pathways for Cost-Effective Mitigation of Pollutant Inputs to Drinking Water Reservoir. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface runoff (overland flow) is the main element of the water cycle and is also crucial in the delivery of phosphorus and nitrogen from catchments to water bodies. Watercourses and reservoirs in agricultural catchments are particularly vulnerable to the delivery of biogenic compounds via surface runoff. Forested riparian buffers are considered effective in reducing nutrients and sediment loads in runoff from agricultural areas. Regrettably, the concentration of surface runoff may significantly limit the buffering capacity of vegetation strips, as channelised overland flow tends to avoid buffers without making optimal use of their ability to retain nutrients and sediment. The aim of the undertaken research was to delineate surface runoff pathways from surrounding areas to a drinking water reservoir as well as to identify potential concentration spots of overland flow. The research was conducted for the Dobromierz drinking water reservoir (GPS N: 50°54′27″, E: 16°14′37″). The reservoir is situated in a submountain catchment, where rainfall is an important factor taking part in driving diffuse P and N loads from land to water. Presented GIS-based method using high resolution Digital Terrain Model obtained from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) allowed to determine areas with a tendency for high accumulation (concentration) of overland flow in the direct catchment of the reservoir. As main surface runoff areas, three sites each exceeding 100 ha were designated. The analysis of spatial data also allowed to establish the risk of agricultural diffuse pollution transfer via channelised overland flow to the reservoir from individual accumulation areas. It was found that in the forested part of the catchment (serving as a riparian buffer) there is no visible tendency for concentration of surface runoff, but simultaneously the vegetation strip does not prevent the transfer of runoff waters from agricultural areas through the privileged pathways of concentrated flow.
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