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Pal S, Pankajakshan A, Besenhard MO, Snead N, Almeida J, Abukhamees S, Craig D, Galvanin F, Gavriilidis A, Mazzei L. Automated Continuous Crystallization Platform with Real-Time Particle Size Analysis via Laser Diffraction. Org Process Res Dev 2024; 28:2755-2764. [PMID: 39055968 PMCID: PMC11267596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution is gaining momentum in the pharmaceutical industry. However, particulate processes and suspension handling remain big challenges for automation and the implementation of real-time particle size analysis. Moreover, the development of antisolvent crystallization processes is often limited by the associated time-intensive experimental screenings. This work demonstrates a fully automated modular crystallization platform that overcomes these bottlenecks. The system combines automated crystallization, sample preparation, and immediate crystal size analysis via online laser diffraction (LD) and provides a technology for rapidly screening crystallization process parameters and crystallizer design spaces with minimal experimental effort. During the LD measurements, to avoid multiple scattering events, crystal suspension samples are diluted automatically. Multiple software tools, i.e., LabVIEW, Python, and PharmaMV, and logic algorithms are integrated in the platform to facilitate automated control of all the sensors and equipment, enabling fully automated operation. A customized graphical user interface is provided to operate the crystallization platform automatically and to visualize the measured crystal size and the crystal size distribution of the suspension. Antisolvent crystallization of ibuprofen, with ethanol as solvent and water with Soluplus (an additive) as antisolvent, is used as a case study. The platform is demonstrated for antisolvent crystallization of small ibuprofen crystals in a confined impinging jet crystallizer, performing automated preplanned user-defined experiments with online LD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Pal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Arun Pankajakshan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Maximilian O. Besenhard
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Nicholas Snead
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Juan Almeida
- Perceptive
Engineering, Applied Materials, Vanguard House, Keckwick Lane, Sci
Tech Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AB, U.K.
| | - Shorooq Abukhamees
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Duncan Craig
- Faculty
of Science, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Federico Galvanin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Asterios Gavriilidis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Luca Mazzei
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
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Anuar N, Yusop SN, Roberts KJ. Crystallisation of organic materials from the solution phase: a molecular, synthonic and crystallographic perspective. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2022.2123916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nornizar Anuar
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Siti Nurul’ain Yusop
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- Centre for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Ravichandran SA, Hutfles J, Velasco J, Killgore J, Pellegrino J. Surface versus bulk CaCO3 crystals with ethylene vinyl alcohol co-polymers and polyamide thin-film composite membranes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Choi JY, Kaufmann F, Rahardianto A, Cohen Y. Desupersaturation of RO concentrate and gypsum removal via seeded precipitation in a fluidized bed crystallizer. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116766. [PMID: 33388534 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of a continuous chemically-enhanced seeded precipitation (CCESP) process was evaluated for desupersaturation of primary reverse osmosis (PRO) concentrate generated from RO desalting of inland agricultural drainage (AD) water with high gypsum scaling potential. The CCESP approach, comprised of partial lime treatment (PLT) followed by gypsum seeded precipitation (GSP), was assessed via laboratory and field tests, along with model simulations. PLT effectiveness was confirmed for residual antiscalant removal from the PRO concentrate, which otherwise would suppress gypsum crystallization. GSP was carried out in a fluidized bed crystallizer (FBC) demonstrating the feasibility of continuous PRO concentrate desupersaturation with suitable solids management. FBC operation was stable, with respect to desupersaturation performance, when operating over a sequence of periodic solids purge-only mode with intermittent seeds replenishment. The study suggests that CCESP integration with primary and secondary RO desalting (i.e., PRO-CCESP-SRO) can provide for significant enhancement of product water recovery for inland water of high gypsum scaling propensity. For example, source water of high salinity (14,347 mg/L total dissolved solid) AD water, nearly saturated with respect to gypsum, could be desalted up to a recovery of 88-96% (relative to merely 66% recovery feasible via PRO desalting. Moreover, net salt harvesting of 2.6-3.6 kg per m3 RO concentrate (with concentrate recycle) can be obtained from high recovery desalting of the above PRO concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yong Choi
- Water Technology Research Center, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Henry Samueli school of Engineering and Applied Science, 5531 Boelter Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592, USA; Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, 300 LaKretz Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496
| | - Florian Kaufmann
- Water Technology Research Center, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Henry Samueli school of Engineering and Applied Science, 5531 Boelter Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592, USA
| | - Anditya Rahardianto
- Water Technology Research Center, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Henry Samueli school of Engineering and Applied Science, 5531 Boelter Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592, USA; Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, 300 LaKretz Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496
| | - Yoram Cohen
- Water Technology Research Center, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Henry Samueli school of Engineering and Applied Science, 5531 Boelter Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592, USA; Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, 300 LaKretz Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496.
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