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Hu Y, Loh CY, Xie M, Chen G, Huang M, Qiao J. Ammonia recovery via direct contact membrane distillation: Modeling and performance optimization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121683. [PMID: 38963968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia recovery from wastewater has positive environmental benefits, avoiding eutrophication and reducing production energy consumption, which is one of the most effective ways to manage nutrients in wastewater. Specifically, ammonia recovery by membrane distillation has been gradually adopted due to its excellent separation properties for volatile substances. However, the global optimization of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) operating parameters to maximize ammonia recovery efficiency (ARE) has not been attempted. In this work, three key operating factors affecting ammonia recovery, i.e., feed ammonia concentration, feed pH, and DCMD running time, were identified from eight factors, by a two-level Plackett-Burman Design (PBD). Subsequently, Box-Behnken design (BBD) under the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to model and optimize the significant operating parameters affecting the recovery of ammonia though DCMD identified by PBD and statistically verified by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that the model had a high coefficient of determination value (R2 = 0.99), and the interaction between NH4Cl concentration and feed pH had a significant effect on ARE. The optimal operating parameters of DCMD as follows: NH4Cl concentration of 0.46 g/L, feed pH of 10.6, DCMD running time of 11.3 h, and the maximum value of ARE was 98.46%. Under the optimized conditions, ARE reached up to 98.72%, which matched the predicted value and verified the validity and reliability of the model for the optimization of ammonia recovery by DCMD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Centre of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ching Yoong Loh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gang Chen
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Centre of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Manhong Huang
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Centre of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jinli Qiao
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Centre of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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2
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Li Z, Li X. Treatment techniques and resource recovery of source-separated urine: a bibliometric analysis and literature review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 90:238-255. [PMID: 39007317 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Human urine, which is high in nutrients, acts as a resource as well as a contaminant. Indiscriminate urine discharge causes environmental pollution and wastes resources. To elucidate the research status and developmental trajectory of source-separated urine (SSU) treatment and recovery, this study was based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database and used the bibliometric software VOSviewer and CiteSpace to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth bibliometric analysis of the related literature in this field. The findings revealed a general upward trend in SSU treatment and recovery from 2000 to 2023. The compendium of 894 scholarly articles predominantly focused on the disciplines of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Engineering, and Water Resources. China and the USA emerged as the foremost contributors. Keyword co-occurrence mapping, clustering, and burst analysis have shown that the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from urine is currently the main focus, with future prospects leaning toward the retrieval of biochemicals and chemical energy. This study systematically categorizes and compares the developmental status, current advancements, and research progress in this field. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference for understanding developmental pathways in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Li
- Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 10012, China; School Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 10012, China E-mail:
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Zhao Y, Liu C, Deng J, Zhang P, Feng S, Chen Y. Green and Sustainable Forward Osmosis Process for the Concentration of Apple Juice Using Sodium Lactate as Draw Solution. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:106. [PMID: 38786940 PMCID: PMC11122952 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14050106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
China is the world's largest producer and exporter of concentrated apple juice (CAJ). However, traditional concentration methods such as vacuum evaporation (VE) and freeze concentration cause the loss of essential nutrients and heat-sensitive components with high energy consumption. A green and effective technique is thus desired for juice concentration to improve product quality and sustainability. In this study, a hybrid forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) process was explored for the concentration of apple juice using sodium lactate (L-NaLa) as a renewable draw solute. As a result, commercial apple juice could be concentrated up to 65 °Brix by the FO process with an average flux of 2.5 L·m-2·h-1. Most of the nutritional and volatile compounds were well retained in this process, while a significant deterioration in product quality was observed in products obtained by VE concentration. It was also found that membrane fouling in the FO concentration process was reversible, and a periodical UP water flush could remove most of the contaminants on the membrane surface to achieve a flux restoration of more than 95%. In addition, the L-NaLa draw solution could be regenerated by a vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process with an average flux of around 7.87 L∙m-2∙h-1 for multiple reuse, which further enhanced the long-term sustainability of the hybrid process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhao
- School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Low Cost Wastewater Treatment Technology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Low Cost Wastewater Treatment Technology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jianju Deng
- School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Low Cost Wastewater Treatment Technology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Low Cost Wastewater Treatment Technology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Shiyuan Feng
- School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Low Cost Wastewater Treatment Technology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Low Cost Wastewater Treatment Technology International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, China
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4
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Arcas-Pilz V, Gabarrell X, Orsini F, Villalba G. Literature review on the potential of urban waste for the fertilization of urban agriculture: A closer look at the metropolitan area of Barcelona. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167193. [PMID: 37741375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Urban agriculture (UA) activities are increasing in popularity and importance due to greater food demands and reductions in agricultural land, also advocating for greater local food supply and security as well as the social and community cohesion perspective. This activity also has the potential to enhance the circularity of urban flows, repurposing nutrients from waste sources, increasing their self-sufficiency, reducing nutrient loss into the environment, and avoiding environmental cost of nutrient extraction and synthetization. The present work is aimed at defining recovery technologies outlined in the literature to obtain relevant nutrients such as N and P from waste sources in urban areas. Through literature research tools, the waste sources were defined, differentiating two main groups: (1) food, organic, biowaste and (2) wastewater. Up to 7 recovery strategies were identified for food, organic, and biowaste sources, while 11 strategies were defined for wastewater, mainly focusing on the recovery of N and P, which are applicable in UA in different forms. The potential of the recovered nutrients to cover existing and prospective UA sites was further assessed for the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Nutrient recovery from current composting and anaerobic digestion of urban sourced organic matter obtained each year in the area as well as the composting of wastewater sludge, struvite precipitation and ion exchange in wastewater effluent generated yearly in existing WWTPs were assessed. The results show that the requirements for the current and prospective UA in the area can be met 2.7 to 380.2 times for P and 1.7 to 117.5 times for N depending on the recovery strategy. While the present results are promising, current perceptions, legislation and the implementation and production costs compared to existing markets do not facilitate the application of nutrient recovery strategies, although a change is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Arcas-Pilz
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gabarrell
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesco Orsini
- DISTAL-Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gara Villalba
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Martínez-Castrejón M, López-Díaz JA, Solorza-Feria O, Talavera-Mendoza O, Rodríguez-Herrera AL, Alcaraz-Morales O, Hernández-Flores G. Environmental, Economic, and Social Aspects of Human Urine Valorization through Microbial Fuel Cells from the Circular Economy Perspective. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2239. [PMID: 36557539 PMCID: PMC9785870 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Population growth increases the challenge of meeting basic human needs, such as water, a limited resource. Consumption habits and water pollution have compromised natural resources to unsustainable levels. Sustainable effluent treatment practices, such as decentralized systems focused on energy, nutrients, and water recovery, have attracted the attention of the scientific community. Human urine (HU) is a physiological liquid waste whose main component is water (~95%). HU has a significant amount of nutrients, such as N, P, K, and organic matter, which are usually lacking in fecal coliforms. Therefore, the possibility exists of recovering nutrients and energy from HU using sustainable and non-sustainable technologies. Treating HU in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) is a novel alternative to obtaining byproducts from this effluent more sustainably than in electrochemical systems. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are an interesting example, contributing to HU revalorization from unwanted waste into a valuable resource of nutrients, energy, and water. Even when urine-operated MFCs have not generated attractive potential outputs or produced considerable amounts of bioelectricity, this review emphasizes HU advantages as nutrients or water sources. The aim of this review was to analyze the current development of BES for HU treatment based on the water circular economy, discussing challenges and perspectives researchers might encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Martínez-Castrejón
- Centro de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Privada de Laurel No. 13, Col. El Roble, Acapulco C.P. 39640, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Jazmin A. López-Díaz
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Ex hacienda San Juan Bautista s/n, Taxco el Viejo C.P. 40323, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Omar Solorza-Feria
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Department of Chemistry, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación C.P. 07360, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico
| | - Oscar Talavera-Mendoza
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Ex hacienda San Juan Bautista s/n, Taxco el Viejo C.P. 40323, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - América L. Rodríguez-Herrera
- Centro de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Privada de Laurel No. 13, Col. El Roble, Acapulco C.P. 39640, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Osbelia Alcaraz-Morales
- Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Juárez No. 38 Interior. C.U. Zona Norte, Chilpancingo C.P. 39000, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Giovanni Hernández-Flores
- CONACYT-Escuela Superior de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Ex Hacienda San Juan Bautista s/n, Taxco el Viejo C.P. 40323, Guerrero, Mexico
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Gau C, Sato S, Zhang D, Ishibashi Y, Kobayashi J. Recovering nutrients and rejecting trace organic compounds in human urine by a forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) hybrid system. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:1904-1914. [PMID: 36315084 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urine is a major source of reclaimed water and fertilizer. Urine treatment involves two key processes: the recovery of nutrients and the rejection of trace organic compounds (TOrCs). In this study, we investigated the rejection of TOrCs and the recovery of nutrients in human urine using a seawater-driven forward osmosis and membrane distillation (FO-MD) hybrid system. Three 24 h experiments were conducted at draw solution temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 °C. The average rejection rates of cations, anions, and dissolved organic carbon were more than 93.7% and 79.5% in the FO-MD system and FO side, respectively. Ten types of TOrCs were detected in the feed solution, whereas none were detected in the product water, indicating that the TOrCs were completely rejected. The precipitates, i.e., the recovered nutrients in the FO side, were extremely close to magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite, MgNH4PO4·6H2O), according to their electron microscopic images, elemental composition, and X-ray diffraction spectra, and it was estimated that approximately 85% of the nutrients in the feed solution were recovered. The rejection and recovery efficiencies were unaffected by the draw solution temperature. These results indicate the potential for the sustainable use of FO-MD-based treatments for human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Gau
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan E-mail:
| | - Satoshi Sato
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan E-mail:
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan E-mail:
| | - Yasuhiro Ishibashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan E-mail:
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan E-mail:
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Chang H, Kwon D, Kim J. Rejections and membrane fouling of submerged direct contact hollow-fiber membrane distillation as post-treatment for anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor treating domestic sewage. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133964. [PMID: 35167838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, submerged direct contact membrane distillation (SDCMD) with a hollow-fiber membrane was applied as a post-treatment for an anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor (AFBR) treating domestic sewage. The rejection efficiency of organic contaminants and nutrients, such as ammonia nitrogen and phosphate in SDCMD were investigated. As the transmembrane temperature difference increased, the permeate flux of SDCMD increased, while the rejection efficiency of ammonia nitrogen decreased. Regardless of the transmembrane temperature applied in this study, rejection efficiencies greater than 90% were achieved for organics and phosphate by SDCMD treatment of the AFBR effluent. A higher solution pH resulted in a lower ammonia nitrogen rejection efficiency, probably because nitrogen dominantly exists in the gaseous form and can easily pass through the hollow-fiber membrane. Long-term operation with the integrated AFBR-SDCMD process over 50 d at a transmembrane temperature of 30 °C and solution pH of 5.5 showed rejection efficiencies of 98.7%, 98.1%, and 90.5% for ammonia nitrogen, phosphate, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), respectively. During the entire integrated process for treating domestic sewage, both DOC and nutrients present in the bulk solution of the SDCMD reactor were effectively removed to a concentrate. However, the permeate flux produced by the SDCMD membrane decreased over time, mainly because of the progressive biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuhogu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeeun Kwon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuhogu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Inharo 100, Michuhogu, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Courtney C, Randall DG. Concentrating stabilized urine with reverse osmosis: How does stabilization method and pre-treatment affect nutrient recovery, flux, and scaling? WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117970. [PMID: 34936975 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human urine can be used as a fertilizer, however, due to the high water content (97%), concentration is required to make transportation economically feasible. Reverse osmosis (RO) has been identified as an energy efficient concentration method. Furthermore, to maximize nitrogen recovery from source-separated urine it should be stabilized with an acid or base to prevent urea hydrolysis. However, the method of stabilization will have an impact on the downstream RO process. Calcium hydroxide is often used as a base stabilization method for human urine but would require pre-treatment to remove excess calcium and subsequent membrane scaling. Three pre-treatment methods such as air bubbling, NaHCO3 addition, and NH4HCO3 addition, were investigated in this study. Each method successfully reduced the scaling potential and air bubbling was determined to be the most effective method as it resulted in the highest nutrient recovery during concentration and did not require the addition of any chemicals. Base stabilization with air bubbling pre-treatment was then compared to urine stabilized with citric acid. Acid stabilized urine had a higher nitrogen recovery (7.6% higher). However, solids formed in the real acidified urine and during concentration a brown organic compound formed on the membrane surface. The crystals were identified as uric acid dihydrate and the brown organic fouling resulted in a significant decrease in permeate flux as compared to the base stabilized urine with air bubbling pre-treatment. At a 60% water recovery, 85.5% of the urea and 99.2% of the potassium was recovered in the brine stream and more than 99.9% of the phosphorus was recovered as a separate solid calcium phosphate fertilizer. Whilst nutrient recovery was higher with acid stabilization, the membrane fouling that occurred with this stabilization method meant that base stabilization with air bubbling pre-treatment was the preferred treatment option. It is recommended that acid stabilized urine be concentrated using evaporation processes instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Courtney
- Civil Engineering Department & Future Water Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Dyllon G Randall
- Civil Engineering Department & Future Water Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
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Suwaileh W, Zargar M, Abdala A, Siddiqui F, Khiadani M, Abdel-Wahab A. Concentration polarization control in stand-alone and hybrid forward osmosis systems: Recent technological advancements and future directions. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Varjani S, Liu Q, Bui XT, Hoang NB. Bio-membrane integrated systems for nitrogen recovery from wastewater in circular bioeconomy. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133175. [PMID: 34875297 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contains a significant amount of recoverable nitrogen. Hence, the recovery of nitrogen from wastewater can provide an option for generating some revenue by applying the captured nitrogen to producing bio-products, in order to minimize dangerous or environmental pollution consequences. The circular bio-economy can achieve greater environmental and economic sustainability through game-changing technological developments that will improve municipal wastewater management, where simultaneous nitrogen and energy recovery are required. Over the last decade, substantial efforts were undertaken concerning the recovery of nitrogen from wastewater. For example, bio-membrane integrated system (BMIS) which integrates biological process and membrane technology, has attracted considerable attention for recovering nitrogen from wastewater. In this review, current research on nitrogen recovery using the BMIS are compiled whilst the technologies are compared regarding their energy requirement, efficiencies, advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the bio-products achieved in the nitrogen recovery system processes are summarized in this paper, and the directions for future research are suggested. Future research should consider the quality of recovered nitrogenous products, long-term performance of BMIS and economic feasibility of large-scale reactors. Nitrogen recovery should be addressed under the framework of a circular bio-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 010, India
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Xuan Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Bich Hoang
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Zarebska-Mølgaard A, Li K, Niedzielska A, Schneider C, Yangali-Quintanilla V, Tsapekos P, Angelidaki I, Wang J, Helix-Nielsen C. Techno-economic assessment of a hybrid forward osmosis and membrane distillation system for agricultural water recovery. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Larsen TA, Riechmann ME, Udert KM. State of the art of urine treatment technologies: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH X 2021; 13:100114. [PMID: 34693239 PMCID: PMC8517923 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, urine treatment technologies have developed from lab studies of a few pioneers to an interesting innovation, attracting attention from a growing number of process engineers. In this broad review, we present literature from more than a decade on biological, physical-chemical and electrochemical urine treatment processes. Like in the first review on urine treatment from 2006, we categorize the technologies according to the following objectives: stabilization, volume reduction, targeted N-recovery, targeted P-recovery, nutrient removal, sanitization, and handling of organic micropollutants. We add energy recovery as a new objective, because extensive work has been done on electrochemical energy harvesting, especially with bio-electrochemical systems. Our review reveals that biological processes are a good choice for urine stabilization. They have the advantage of little demand for chemicals and energy. Due to instabilities, however, they are not suited for bathroom applications and they cannot provide the desired volume reduction on their own. A number of physical-chemical treatment technologies are applicable at bathroom scale and can provide the necessary volume reduction, but only with a steady supply of chemicals and often with high demand for energy and maintenance. Electrochemical processes is a recent, but rapidly growing field, which could give rise to exciting technologies at bathroom scale, although energy production might only be interesting for niche applications. The review includes a qualitative assessment of all unit processes. A quantitative comparison of treatment performance was not the goal of the study and could anyway only be done for complete treatment trains. An important next step in urine technology research and development will be the combination of unit processes to set up and test robust treatment trains. We hope that the present review will help guide these efforts to accelerate the development towards a mature technology with pilot scale and eventually full-scale implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove A. Larsen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michel E. Riechmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kai M. Udert
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Patel A, Arkatkar A, Singh S, Rabbani A, Solorza Medina JD, Ong ES, Habashy MM, Jadhav DA, Rene ER, Mungray AA, Mungray AK. Physico-chemical and biological treatment strategies for converting municipal wastewater and its residue to resources. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:130881. [PMID: 34087557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An increase in urbanization and industrialization has not only contributed to an improvement in the lifestyle of people, but it has also contributed to a surge in the generation of wastewater. To date, conventional physico-chemical and biological treatment methods are widely used for the treatment of wastewater. However, the efficient operation of these systems require substantial operation and maintenance costs, and the application of novel technologies for the treatment and disposal of sludge/residues. This review paper focuses on the application of different treatment options such as chemical, catalyst-based, thermochemical and biological processes for wastewater or sludge treatment and membrane-based technologies (i.e. pressure-driven and non-pressure driven) for the separation of the recovered products from wastewater and its residues. As evident from the literature, a wide variety of treatment and resource recovery options are possible, both from wastewater and its residues; however, the lack of planning and selecting the most appropriate design (treatment train) to scale up from pilot to the field scale has limited its practical application. The economic feasibility of the selected technologies was critically analyzed and the future research prospects of resource recovery from wastewater have been outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfak Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Ambika Arkatkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Srishti Singh
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Alija Rabbani
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Juan David Solorza Medina
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ee Shen Ong
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud M Habashy
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Dipak A Jadhav
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad 431010, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Alka A Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology Surat, Ichchhanath Surat-Dumas Road, Keval Chowk, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India.
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Naim R, Pei Sean G, Nasir Z, Mokhtar NM, Safiah Muhammad NA. Recent Progress and Challenges in Hollow Fiber Membranes for Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:839. [PMID: 34832068 PMCID: PMC8617921 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Membrane processes have been extensively employed in diverse applications, specifically in industrial wastewater treatment. The technological development in membrane processes has rapidly advanced and accelerated beyond its common principle and operation. Tremendous efforts have been made in the advancement of membrane materials, fabrication method, membrane modification and integration with other technologies that can augment the existing membrane processes to another level. This review presents the recent development of hollow fiber membranes applied in wastewater treatment and resource recovery. The membrane working principles and treatment mechanism were discussed thoroughly, with the recent development of these hollow fiber membranes highlighted based on several types of membrane application. The current challenges and limitations which may hinder this technology from expanding were critically described to offer a better perspective for this technology to be adopted in various potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmawati Naim
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Goh Pei Sean
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Zinnirah Nasir
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Nadzirah Mohd Mokhtar
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia; (N.M.M.); (N.A.S.M.)
| | - Nor Amirah Safiah Muhammad
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia; (N.M.M.); (N.A.S.M.)
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Yu C, Yin W, Yu Z, Chen J, Huang R, Zhou X. Membrane technologies in toilet urine treatment for toilet urine resource utilization: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35525-35535. [PMID: 35493188 PMCID: PMC9043190 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane technologies have broad potential in methods for separating, collecting, storing, and utilizing urine collected from toilets. Recovering urine from toilets for resource utilization instead of treating it in a sewage treatment plant not only reduces extra energy consumption for the degradation of N and P but also saves energy in chemical fertilizer production, which will contribute to carbon emission reduction of 12.19-17.82 kg kgN -1 in terms of N alone. Due to its high efficiency in terms of volume reduction, water recycling, nutrient recovery, and pollutant removal, membrane technology is a promising technology for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets. In this review, we divide membrane technologies for resource utilization from urine collected from toilets into four categories based on the driving force: external pressure-driven membrane technology, vapor pressure-driven membrane technology, chemical potential-driven membrane technology, and electric field-driven membrane technology. These technologies influence factors such as: recovery targets and mechanisms, reaction condition optimization, and process efficiency, and these are all discussed in this review. Finally, a toilet with source-separation is suggested. In the future, membrane technology research should focus on the practical application of source-separation toilets, membrane fouling prevention, and energy consumption evaluation. This review may provide theoretical support for the resource utilization of urine collected from toilets that is based on membrane technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-6598-2693
| | - Wenjun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-6598-2693
| | - Zhenjiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-6598-2693
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-6598-2693
| | - Rui Huang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053 China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-6598-2693
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
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16
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Almuntashiri A, Hosseinzadeh A, Volpin F, Ali SM, Dorji U, Shon H, Phuntsho S. Removal of pharmaceuticals from nitrified urine. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130870. [PMID: 34162101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, granular activated carbon (GAC) was examined for the removal of five of the most commonly detected pharmaceuticals (naproxen, carbamazepine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen and metronidazole) from a nitrified urine to make the urine-derived fertiliser nutrient safe for food crops. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption kinetics that described the removal of micropollutants (equal concentrations of 0.2 mM) from the synthetic nitrified urine at different GAC dosages (10-3000 mg/L). Artificial neural network modelling was also used to predict and simulate the removal of pharmaceuticals from nitrified urine. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models described the equilibrium data, with the Langmuir model providing slightly higher correlations. At the highest dose of 3000 mg/L GAC, all the pharmaceuticals showed a removal rates of over 90% after 1 h of adsorption time and 99% removal rates after 6 h of adsorption time. This study concludes that GAC is able to remove the targeted xenobiotics without affecting the concentration of N and P in the urine, suggesting that nitrified urine could be safely used as a nutrient product in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Almuntashiri
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Ahmad Hosseinzadeh
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Federico Volpin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Syed Muztuza Ali
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Ugyen Dorji
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Hokyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Nawaz MS, Son HS, Jin Y, Kim Y, Soukane S, Al-Hajji MA, Abu-Ghdaib M, Ghaffour N. Investigation of flux stability and fouling mechanism during simultaneous treatment of different produced water streams using forward osmosis and membrane distillation. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117157. [PMID: 33933919 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) hybrids were recently found suitable for produced water treatment. Exclusion of synthetic chemical draw solutions, typically used for FO, can reduce FO-MD operational costs and ease its onsite application. This study experimentally validates a novel concept for the simultaneous treatment of different produced water streams available at the same industrial site using an FO-MD hybrid system. The water oil separator outlet (WO) stream was selected as FO draw solution and it generated average fluxes ranging between 8.30 LMH and 26.78 LMH with four different feed streams. FO fluxes were found to be governed by the complex composition of the feed streams. On the other hand, with WO stream as MD feed, an average flux of 14.41 LMH was achieved. Calcium ions were found as a main reason for MD flux decline in the form of CaSO4 scaling and stimulating the interaction between the membrane and humic acid molecules to form scale layer causing reduction in heat transfer and decline in MD flux (6%). Emulsified oil solution was responsible for partial pore clogging resulting in further 2% flux decline. Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA) was able to mask a portion of calcium ions and resulted in a complete recovery of the original MD flux. Under hybrid FO-MD experiments MD fluxes between 5.62 LMH and 11.12 LMH were achieved. Therefore, the novel concept is validated to produce fairly stable FO and MD fluxes, with few streams, without severe fouling and producing excellent product water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib Nawaz
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyuk Soo Son
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Jin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youngjin Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sejong Campus, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sofiane Soukane
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Al-Hajji
- Energy Systems Division, Process & Control Systems Department (P&CSD), Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhannad Abu-Ghdaib
- Energy Systems Division, Process & Control Systems Department (P&CSD), Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Davey C, Liu P, Kamranvand F, Williams L, Jiang Y, Parker A, Tyrrel S, McAdam E. Membrane distillation for concentrated blackwater: Influence of configuration (air gap, direct contact, vacuum) on selectivity and water productivity. Sep Purif Technol 2021; 263:118390. [PMID: 34002109 PMCID: PMC7965860 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Water recovery from concentrated blackwater has been studied using air gap (AGMD), direct contact (DCMD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) to deliver decentralised sanitation. Whilst good water quality was achieved with each configuration, differences in the rejection of volatile compounds was observed. VMD exhibited the highest rejection of volatiles, specifically ammoniacal nitrogen, of all the configurations but fouling inhibited total flux. DCMD exhibited a temperature dependent volatile rejection which resulted in poor rejection at lower feed temperatures (≤40 °C). AGMD was identified as the most promising configuration for application within decentralised sanitation, since the rejection of volatiles was consistent over a range of operating temperatures with ammonia rejection directly related to solution pH. An increase in organic colloids and particles due to faecal contamination reduced COD removal due to the induction of wetting, but was shown to be offset by adoption of a smaller pore size (0.1 μm), and when complemented with upstream solid-liquid separation within a fully integrated system, will provide a robust sanitation solution. Importantly, this work has shown that AGMD can recover water from concentrated blackwater close to international discharge and reuse regulations in a single stage process; this is significant as blackwater consists of only urine and faeces, and is thus 40 times more concentrated than municipal sewage. It is proposed that the water quality produced reflects a step change to delivering safe sanitation, and is complemented by a simple method for heat recovery integration this is similarly advantageous for resource constrained environments common to decentralised sanitation solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.J. Davey
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - P. Liu
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
- GreenTech Environmental Co. Ltd., Wangjing, Chaoyang District, 100102 Beijing, China
| | - F. Kamranvand
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - L. Williams
- Centre for Creative and Competitive Design, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Y. Jiang
- Centre for Thermal Energy Systems and Materials, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - A. Parker
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - S. Tyrrel
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - E.J. McAdam
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
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19
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Kwon D, Bae W, Kim J. Hybrid forward osmosis/membrane distillation integrated with anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor for advanced wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124160. [PMID: 33049631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO)-membrane distillation (MD) process was integrated with anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor (AFBR) to advance wastewater treatment. Low removal efficiency of nutrients such as ammonia nitrogen was improved significantly by combining FO-MD process with AFBR. The MD membrane was applied to concentrate the draw solution (DS) which can be diluted by FO filtration. By using 1 M of NaCl as DS, about 80% of ammonia nitrogen was further removed by the FO membrane while the phosphorous was removed almost completely (99%). However, the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen in DS and the reverse salt flux through the FO membrane was unavoidable. Nevertheless, combining MD membrane produced excellent removal efficiency yielding only 4 and 5.6 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in MD permeate, respectively at 15 ℃ of transmembrane temperature. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the FO-MD process can be superior to concentrate resources such as nitrogen and phosphorous present in AFBR. The reverse salt flux from DS into AFBR bulk suspension did not show adverse effects on the performances of bioreactor with respect to COD removal efficiency, conductivity and methane production during operational period. Deposit of the fouling layer on FO membrane was also observed, but the fouling on MD membrane was not severe probably because crystallization rate could be retarded by diluting the DS during FO filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeeun Kwon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inharo-100, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22201, Republic of Korea
| | - Woobin Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inharo-100, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inharo-100, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22201, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Janiak K, Jurga A, Wizimirska A, Miodoński S, Muszyński-Huhajło M, Ratkiewicz K, Zięba B. Urine nitrification robustness for application in space: Effect of high salinity and the response to extreme free ammonia concentrations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111610. [PMID: 33223353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urine nitrification is one of the possibilities for the future recovery of water and elements for soilless crop production in space systems. The start-up of artificial urine nitrification was conducted for over 85 days in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Two free ammonia (FA) incidents occurred, which gave the opportunity to demonstrate the impressive ability of nitrifiers to resist temporary inhibition by FA without long lasting adverse effects. The failures led to very high FA concentrations of 280 and 84 gN-NH3/m3, respectively. Sludge was exposed to FA for 19 and 27 h. It was possible to restore nitrification with simple remedy actions (dilution and pH restoration). No inhibitory effects on the nitrification rate were seen after implementation of the remedy actions and the nitrification rate increased considerably (up to 300% of the pre-failure value) due to decrease in salinity. After a few days of normal operation and salt concentration, the nitrification rate returned to the pre-failure values in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Janiak
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland; Wroclaw Municipal Water and Sewage Company, Na Grobli 14/16 50-421, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Jurga
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wizimirska
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Miodoński
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Muszyński-Huhajło
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ratkiewicz
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Zięba
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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Impact of osmotic and thermal isolation barrier on concentration and temperature polarization and energy efficiency in a novel FO-MD integrated module. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Patel A, Mungray AA, Mungray AK. Technologies for the recovery of nutrients, water and energy from human urine: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127372. [PMID: 32599379 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for a constant supply of fertilizer is increasing with the booming of the population. Nowadays more focus is given to the recovery and reuse of the nutrients rather than synthesis of the fertilizer from chemicals. Human urine is the best available resource for the primary macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) for the fertilizer as it contains 10-12 g/L nitrogen, 0.1-0.5 g/L phosphorous and 1.0-2.0 g/L potassium. For the recovery of these nutrients from human urine, various technologies are available which requires source separation and treatment. . In this review, a wide range of the technologies for the treatment of source-separated human urine are covered and discussed in detail. This review has categorized the technologies based on the recovery of nutrients, energy, and water from human urine. Among the various technologies available, Bio-electrochemical technologies are environmental friendly and recovers energy along with the nutrients. Forward Osmosis is the best available technology for the water recovery and for concentrating the nutrients in urine, without or minimal consumption of energy. However, experimental work in this technology is at its prior stage. A single technology is still not sufficient to recover nutrients, water and energy. Therefore, integration of two or more technologies seems essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfak Patel
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India.
| | - Alka A Mungray
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India.
| | - Arvind Kumar Mungray
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India.
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Blandin G, Ferrari F, Lesage G, Le-Clech P, Héran M, Martinez-Lladó X. Forward Osmosis as Concentration Process: Review of Opportunities and Challenges. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100284. [PMID: 33066490 PMCID: PMC7602145 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, osmotic membrane systems, such as forward osmosis (FO), have gained popularity as "soft" concentration processes. FO has unique properties by combining high rejection rate and low fouling propensity and can be operated without significant pressure or temperature gradient, and therefore can be considered as a potential candidate for a broad range of concentration applications where current technologies still suffer from critical limitations. This review extensively compiles and critically assesses recent considerations of FO as a concentration process for applications, including food and beverages, organics value added compounds, water reuse and nutrients recovery, treatment of waste streams and brine management. Specific requirements for the concentration process regarding the evaluation of concentration factor, modules and design and process operation, draw selection and fouling aspects are also described. Encouraging potential is demonstrated to concentrate streams more than 20-fold with high rejection rate of most compounds and preservation of added value products. For applications dealing with highly concentrated or complex streams, FO still features lower propensity to fouling compared to other membranes technologies along with good versatility and robustness. However, further assessments on lab and pilot scales are expected to better define the achievable concentration factor, rejection and effective concentration of valuable compounds and to clearly demonstrate process limitations (such as fouling or clogging) when reaching high concentration rate. Another important consideration is the draw solution selection and its recovery that should be in line with application needs (i.e., food compatible draw for food and beverage applications, high osmotic pressure for brine management, etc.) and be economically competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Blandin
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, 08242 Manresa, Spain;
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Pierre Le-Clech
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Marc Héran
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Xavier Martinez-Lladó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, 08242 Manresa, Spain;
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Ray H, Perreault F, Boyer TH. Ammonia Recovery from Hydrolyzed Human Urine by Forward Osmosis with Acidified Draw Solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11556-11565. [PMID: 32786574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) is a low-pressure membrane process that can selectively separate low molecular weight neutral compounds such as ammonia from urine. However, an understanding of how un-ionized ammonia transfers is vital for maximizing ammonia recovery. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the transport behavior of low molecular weight neutral nitrogen compounds in order to maximize ammonia recovery from real hydrolyzed human urine by FO. Using urea as a model, batch FO experiments concluded that low molecular weight neutral compound transfer is dependent on concentration equilibrium between the feed and draw solutions due to its ability to freely move across the FO membrane. Therefore, 50% recovery is the theoretical maximum that could be achieved. However, novel strategic pH manipulation between the feed and the draw solution allowed for up to 86% recovery of ammonia by keeping the draw solution pH < 6.5 and the feed solution pH > 11, overcoming the 50% recovery barrier. An economic analysis showed that ammonia recovery by FO has the potential to be more economically favorable compared to ammonia air stripping or ion exchange if the proper draw solute is chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ray
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873005, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873005, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Francois Perreault
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873005, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Treavor H Boyer
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873005, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873005, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
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Criscuoli A, Capuano A, Andreucci M, Drioli E. Low-Temperature Direct Contact Membrane Distillation for the Treatment of Aqueous Solutions Containing Urea. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10080176. [PMID: 32756324 PMCID: PMC7464844 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10080176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research activities on the application of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for processing at low temperature (up to 50 °C) solutions containing urea were presented and discussed. Feeds were urine (also in mixture) and human plasma ultrafiltrate. Moreover, as a case study, the performance of membrane modules of different sizes and features was investigated for reaching the productivities needed in the treatment of the human plasma ultrafiltrate. In particular, two modules were equipped with the same type of capillaries, but differed in terms of membrane area, while the third module contained a different type of membranes and presented a membrane area in between those of the two previous modules. The three modules were compared, at a parity of operating temperatures and streams velocity, in terms of transmembrane flux, permeate production and size, underlining the directions to follow for a real implementation of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Criscuoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-\CNR), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-492118
| | - Alfredo Capuano
- U.O.C. Nefrologia e Trapianto, A.O.U Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Renal Unit–Department of Health Sciences of “Magna Graecia” University–Viale Europa, Campus Salvatore Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-\CNR), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
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Nguyen NC, Duong HC, Nguyen HT, Chen SS, Le HQ, Ngo HH, Guo W, Duong CC, Le NC, Bui XT. Forward osmosis–membrane distillation hybrid system for desalination using mixed trivalent draw solution. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Naidu G, Tijing L, Johir M, Shon H, Vigneswaran S. Hybrid membrane distillation: Resource, nutrient and energy recovery. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Zhang Y, Mu T, Huang M, Chen G, Cai T, Chen H, Meng L, Luo X. Nanofiber composite forward osmosis (NCFO) membranes for enhanced antibiotics rejection: Fabrication, performance, mechanism, and simulation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Characterization and Assessment of a Novel Plate and Frame MD Module for Single Pass Wastewater Concentration-FEED Gap Air Gap Membrane Distillation. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9090118. [PMID: 31500144 PMCID: PMC6780515 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9090118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is an up and coming technology for concentration and separation on the verge of reaching commercialization. One of the remaining boundaries is the lack of available full-scale MD modules and systems suitable to meet the requirements of potential industrial applications. In this work a new type of feed gap air gap MD (FGAGMD) plate and frame module is introduced, designed and characterized with tap water and NaCl–H2O solution. The main feature of the new channel configuration is the separation of the heating and cooling channel from the feed channel, enabling a very high recovery ratio in a single pass. Key performance indicators (KPIs) such as flux, gained output ratio (GOR), recovery ratio and thermal efficiency are used to analyze the performance of the novel module concept within this work. A recovery rate of 93% was reached with tap water and between 32–53% with salt solutions ranging between 117 and 214 g NaCl/kg solution with this particular prototype module. Other than recovery ratio, the KPIs of the FGAGMD are similar to those of an air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) channel configuration. From the experimental results, furthermore, a new MD KPI was defined as the ratio of heating and cooling flow to feed flow. This RF ratio can be used for optimization of the module design and efficiency.
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Kim Y, Li S, Francis L, Li Z, Linares RV, Alsaadi AS, Abu-Ghdaib M, Son HS, Amy G, Ghaffour N. Osmotically and Thermally Isolated Forward Osmosis-Membrane Distillation (FO-MD) Integrated Module. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3488-3498. [PMID: 30848585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel module design to integrate forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD). The two processes are sealed in one module and operated simultaneously, making the system compact and suitable for a wide range of applications. To evaluate the system under large-scale module operating conditions, FO and MD experiments were performed separately. The effect of draw solution (DS) temperature on the FO performance was first assessed in terms of flux, reverse salt flux (RSF), and specific RSF (SRSF). While a higher DS temperature resulted in an increased RSF, a higher FO flux was achieved, with a lower SRSF. The influence of DS concentration on the MD performance was then investigated in terms of flux and salt rejection. High DS concentration had a slightly negative impact on MD water vapor flux, but the MD membrane was a complete barrier for DS salts. The FO-MD integrated module was simulated based on mass balance equations. Results indicated that initial DS (MD feed) flow rate and concentration are the most important factors for stable operation of the integrated module. Higher initial DS flow rate and lower initial DS concentration can achieve a higher permeate rate of the FO-MD module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Kim
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheng Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
- Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology , CAS , Haibin Road #1121 , Nansha district, Guangzhou 511458 , China
| | - Lijo Francis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI) , Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) , Qatar Foundation. P.O. Box 34110, Doha , Qatar
| | - Zhenyu Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Rodrigo Valladares Linares
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
- Renewable Energy Unit , Yucatan Center for Scientific Research (CICY) , 43 Street #130 , Chuburna de Hidalgo, 97205 , Merida , Yucatan , Mexico
| | - Ahmad S Alsaadi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Jeddah , Jeddah 21959 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhannad Abu-Ghdaib
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyuk Soo Son
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary Amy
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
- College of Engineering and Science , Clemson University , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 119077 Singapore
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
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