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Dezhkam R, Amiri HA, Collins DJ, Miansari M. Continuous Submicron Particle Separation Via Vortex-Enhanced Ionic Concentration Polarization: A Numerical Investigation. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2203. [PMID: 36557503 PMCID: PMC9786152 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Separation and isolation of suspended submicron particles is fundamental to a wide range of applications, including desalination, chemical processing, and medical diagnostics. Ion concentration polarization (ICP), an electrokinetic phenomenon in micro-nano interfaces, has gained attention due to its unique ability to manipulate molecules or particles in suspension and solution. Less well understood, though, is the ability of this phenomenon to generate circulatory fluid flow, and how this enables and enhances continuous particle capture. Here, we perform a comprehensive study of a low-voltage ICP, demonstrating a new electrokinetic method for extracting submicron particles via flow-enhanced particle redirection. To do so, a 2D-FEM model solves the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equation coupled with the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. Four distinct operational modes (Allowed, Blocked, Captured, and Dodged) were recognized as a function of the particle's charges and sizes, resulting in the capture or release from ICP-induced vortices, with the critical particle dimensions determined by appropriately tuning inlet flow rates (200-800 [µm/s]) and applied voltages (0-2.5 [V]). It is found that vortices are generated above a non-dimensional ICP-induced velocity of U*=1, which represents an equilibrium between ICP velocity and lateral flow velocity. It was also found that in the case of multi-target separation, the surface charge of the particle, rather than a particle's size, is the primary determinant of particle trajectory. These findings contribute to a better understanding of ICP-based particle separation and isolation, as well as laying the foundations for the rational design and optimization of ICP-based sorting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Dezhkam
- Micro+Nanosystems and Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 4714873113, Iran
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Isar 11, Babol 4713818983, Iran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 113658639, Iran
| | - Hoseyn A. Amiri
- Micro+Nanosystems and Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 4714873113, Iran
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Isar 11, Babol 4713818983, Iran
| | - David J. Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Morteza Miansari
- Micro+Nanosystems and Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 4714873113, Iran
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Isar 11, Babol 4713818983, Iran
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Xu Y, Chen QB, Gao Y, Wang J, Fan H, Zhao F. Performance comparison of lithium fractionation from magnesium via continuous selective nanofiltration/electrodialysis. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Flores‐Galicia F, Eden A, Pallandre A, Pennathur S, Haghiri‐Gosnet A. Predicting ion concentration polarization and analyte stacking/focusing at nanofluidic interfaces. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:741-751. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Flores‐Galicia
- Université Paris‐Saclay CNRS Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies Palaiseau France
| | - Alexander Eden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Antoine Pallandre
- Université Paris‐Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie Physique Orsay France
| | - Sumita Pennathur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
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Christopher Barksdale A, Yoon J, Kwon HJ, Han J. Refinement of brine for lithium extraction using ion concentration polarization. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang D, Zhang X, Xing L, Li Z. Numerical Simulation of Continuous Extraction of Li + from High Mg 2+/Li + Ratio Brines Based on Free Flow Ion Concentration Polarization Microfluidic System. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11090697. [PMID: 34564514 PMCID: PMC8472120 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ion concentration polarization (ICP) is a promising mechanism for concentrating and/or separating charged molecules. This work simulates the extraction of Li+ ions in a diluted high Mg2+/Li+ ratio salt lake brines based on free flow ICP focusing (FF-ICPF). The model solution of diluted brine continuously flows through the system with Li+ slightly concentrated and Mg2+ significantly removed by ICP driven by external pressure and perpendicular electric field. In a typical case, our results showed that this system could focus Li+ concentration by ~1.28 times while decreasing the Mg2+/Li+ ratio by about 85% (from 40 to 5.85). Although Li+ and Mg2+ ions are not separated as an end product, which is preferably required by the lithium industry, this method is capable of decreasing the Mg2+/Li+ ratio significantly and has great potential as a preprocessing technology for lithium extraction from salt lake brines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiang Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for Technological Innovation Method and Tool, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Leilei Xing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for Technological Innovation Method and Tool, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zirui Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
- National Engineering Research Center for Technological Innovation Method and Tool, Tianjin 300401, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.L.)
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Yoon J, Cho Y, Kim J, Kim H, Na K, Lee JH, Chung S. Simulation and Experimental Study of Ion Concentration Polarization Induced Electroconvective Vortex and Particle Movement. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080903. [PMID: 34442525 PMCID: PMC8401646 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ion concentration polarization (ICP) has been widely applied in microfluidic systems in pre-concentration, particle separation, and desalination applications. General ICP microfluidic systems have three components (i.e., source, ion-exchange, and buffer), which allow selective ion transport. Recently developed trials to eliminate one of the three components to simplify the system have suffered from decreased performance by the accumulation of unwanted ions. In this paper, we presented a new ICP microfluidic system with only an ion-exchange membrane-coated channel. Numerical investigation on hydrodynamic flow and electric fields with a series of coupled governing equations enabled a strong correlation to experimental investigations on electroconvective vortices and the trajectory of charged particles. This study has significant implications for the development and optimization of ICP microfluidic and electrochemical systems for biomarker concentration and separation to improve sensing reliability and detection limits in analytic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyo Yoon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.Y.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Youngkyu Cho
- Department of IT Convergence, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Smart Device Team, Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics Co., Seoul R&D Campus, 34 Seoungchon-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06765, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.Y.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Hyunho Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.Y.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Kyuhwan Na
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.Y.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (K.N.)
- Absology Co., Ltd., Anyang 14057, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.Y.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (K.N.)
- Absology Co., Ltd., Anyang 14057, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.L.); (S.C.)
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Thompson JR, Davies CD, Clausmeyer J, Crooks RM. Cation‐Specific Electrokinetic Separations Using Prussian Blue Intercalation Reactions. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300 Austin, Texas 78712-1224 United States
| | - Collin D. Davies
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300 Austin, Texas 78712-1224 United States
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300 Austin, Texas 78712-1224 United States
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300 Austin, Texas 78712-1224 United States
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Papadimitriou VA, Kruit SA, Segerink LI, Eijkel JCT. Droplet encapsulation of electrokinetically-focused analytes without loss of resolution. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2209-2217. [PMID: 32432628 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-chip electrokinetic focusing and separation techniques are widely used in several scientific fields. In a number of cases, these techniques have been combined with a selective analyte extraction for off-chip analysis. Nevertheless, the usability of the extracts is limited by diffusion which reduces the separation resolution. In this paper we propose the integration of a droplet generator capable of continuous or on-demand generation and extraction of electrokinetically separated and focused analytes. We demonstrate the selective droplet extraction of model analytes separated and concentrated via ion concentration polarization focusing (ICPF). We report extracted droplets with 1000-fold increased concentration. Importantly, the droplet generator does not interrupt the ICPF process making it suitable for integration with the majority of electrokinetic separation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios A Papadimitriou
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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A novel H1.6Mn1.6O4/reduced graphene oxide composite film for selective electrochemical capturing lithium ions with low concentration. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Papadimitriou VA, Segerink LI, Eijkel JCT. Continuous focusing, fractionation and extraction of anionic analytes in a microfluidic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3238-3248. [PMID: 31475716 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic focusing and separation methods, specifically ion concentration polarization focusing (ICPF), provide a very powerful and easy to use analytical tool for several scientific fields. Nevertheless, the concentrated and separated analytes are effectively trapped inside the chip in picoliter volumes. In this article we propose an ICPF device that allows continuous and selective extraction of the focused analytes. A theoretical background is presented to understand the dynamics of the system and a 1D model was developed that describes the general behavior of the system. We demonstrate the selective extraction of three fluorescent model anionic analytes and we report selective extraction of the analytes at a 300-fold increased concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios A Papadimitriou
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Centre for Complex Fluid Dynamics and Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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