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Khan R, Inam MA, Lee KH, Channa AS, Mallah MA, Wie YM, Abbasi MN. Synergetic Effect of Organic Flocculant and Montmorillonite Clay on the Removal of Nano-CuO by Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation Process. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102753. [PMID: 34685190 PMCID: PMC8537118 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The widespread usage of nano-copper oxide particles (nano-CuO) in several industrial products and applications raises concerns about their release into water bodies. Thus, their elimination from drinking water is essential to reduce the risk to human health. This work investigated the removal of nano-CuO from pure water and montmorillonite clay (MC) suspensions using poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) as well as cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) by the coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (C/F/S) process. Moreover, the PAFC and PAFC/PAM flocculation performance for various nano-CuO particles concentrations, dosages, pH, settling times and stirring speeds were also investigated. The findings showed that the removal of nano-CuO and turbidity in MC suspension were higher as compared to pure water. Moreover, the combined effect of PAFC/PAM on the elimination of nano-CuO and turbidity was also substantially better than the individual use of PAFC or PAM. The efficient removal of CuO was observed in the solution containing higher mass concentration in the order (10 mg/L > 2.5 mg/L > 1 mg/L) with an increased coagulant dose. The improved removal performance of nano-CuO was observed in a pH range of 7-11 under various water matrices. The C/F/S conditions of nano-CuO were further optimized by the Box-Behnken statistical experiment design and response surface methodology. The PAFC/PAM dose resulted in the maximum removal of nano-CuO (10 mg/L) in both pure water (>97%) and MC suspension (>99%). The results of particle monitoring and Fourier transform infrared of composite flocs revealed that the main removal mechanism of nano-CuO may be the combined effect of neutralization, complexation as well as adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan; (R.K.); (A.S.C.); (M.A.M.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Inam
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), H-12 Campus, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Kang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdul Sami Channa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan; (R.K.); (A.S.C.); (M.A.M.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Mukhtiar Ali Mallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan; (R.K.); (A.S.C.); (M.A.M.); (M.N.A.)
| | - Young-Min Wie
- Department of Materials Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea;
| | - Mahmood Nabi Abbasi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology (QUEST), Nawabshah 67480, Pakistan; (R.K.); (A.S.C.); (M.A.M.); (M.N.A.)
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You Z, Zhao C, Sun Y, Zhuang C. Application of PAFC/CPAM for the removal of ZnO nanoparticles by enhanced coagulation. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:484-498. [PMID: 34312353 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To cope with the increasingly severe challenges of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in the field of the aquatic environment, this paper uses poly-aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as coagulants to enhance the removal of ZnO-NPs from water. In two environments (pure-water environment and kaolin environment) that simulate suspended solids, we studied the dosage, pH, precipitation time, and hydraulic power of ZnO-NPs at three different initial concentrations (1, 2, and 30 mg/L). The effects of various conditions on the performance of PAFC, CPAM, and PAFC/CPAM to remove ZnO-NPs were examined. Results showed that the overall removal rate of ZnO-NPs in the kaolin environment was slightly higher than that in the pure-water environment. In contrast the removal rate of ZnO-NPs in the PAFC/CPAM was significantly higher than that of PAFC or CPAM alone. The coagulation removal conditions of ZnO-NPs were optimized using a response-surface model. Under the best conditions, the removal rate of ZnO-NPs with an initial mass concentration of 30 mg/L in the PAFC/CPAM combination in pure-water and kaolin environments was 98.54% and 99.17%, respectively. Finally, by studying the changes in floc size during coagulation, enhanced coagulation was an efficient method of removing ZnO-NPs from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang You
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Changrong Zhao
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Chang Zhuang
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
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Chen T, Liu H, Dong C, An Y, Liu J, Li J, Li X, Si C, Zhang M. Synthesis and characterization of temperature/pH dual sensitive hemicellulose-based hydrogels from eucalyptus APMP waste liquor. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116717. [PMID: 32829844 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, a variety of innovative temperature/pH-sensitive hydrogels consisting of hemicellulose (extracted from APMP waste liquor) and acrylic acid/acrylamide monomers were synthesized via free radical polymerization for water retention agents and controlled release. The results showed that the hydrogel polymer was chemically cross-linked and entangled to form a three-dimensional network structure, and the monomer successfully grafted on the hemicellulose chain. The content of crosslinkers and monomers had obvious effects on the swelling ratio of hydrogel. The sensitivity of the hydrogel was determined according to the change of the swelling ratio of the hydrogel under different temperature and pH conditions, combined with the chemical structure analysis of the hydrogel, and explain its sensitivity mechanism. Finally, after 6 days at 25 °C and pH 6, the swelled hydrogel still retained 79.46 % of the moisture, which proved that it has high water retention ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Haitang Liu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education and Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, (Tianjin University of Science & Technology), Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Cuihua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education and Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yongzhen An
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jing Liu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jie Li
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuexiu Li
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chuanling Si
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Papermaking and Biorefinery, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Meiyun Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
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Quezada GR, Ramos J, Jeldres RI, Robles P, Toledo PG. Analysis of the flocculation process of fine tailings particles in saltwater through a population balance model. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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