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Zhang X, Yu F, Ma J. High-Level Disordered Metal-Organic Frameworks Synthesized by Interference-Oriented Attachment for Electrochemical Anion Sieve. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310702. [PMID: 38660707 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Disordered MOFs seamlessly amalgamate the robust stability and pore tunability inherent in crystalline MOFs with the advantages derived from abundant defects and active sites present in amorphous structures. This study pioneers the use of the interference-oriented attachment (IOA) mechanism to meticulously craft the morphology and crystal growth of MIL-101(Cr) (Cr-MOF), resulting in the successful synthesis of a high-level disordered Cr-MOF boasting an enhanced array of active sites and exceptional electrochemical properties. The correlation between disordered structures and the electrochemical properties of MOFs are elucidated using the lattice distortion index and fractal dimension. The high-level disordered MOF electrode showcases a remarkable fluoride sieving effect, outperforming conventional fluoride removal materials with a remarkable fluoride adsorption capacity of 41.04 mgNaF gelectrodes -1. First-principles calculations, in conjunction with relevant experiments, provided further validation that the disordered structure significantly enhances the defluorination performance of the material. This study introduces a novel approach for the direct bottom-up synthesis of high-level disordered MOFs, showcasing their potential for applications in electrochemical water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- School of Civil Engineering, Kashi University, Kashi, 844000, P. R. China
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2
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Wang C, Qiu Y, Wang C, Xu Y, Ren LF, Shao J. Efficient groundwater defluorination over a wide concentration gradient through capacitive deionization with a three-layer structured membrane coating electrode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132703. [PMID: 37821246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F-) pollution in groundwater is an important environmental issue and capacitive deionization (CDI) holds promise for defluorination at moderate concentrations (e.g., 200 -1000 mg L-1). However, existing electrodes suffer from the overlap of electrical-double-layer (EDL) and severe co-ion effects at low (e.g., <200 mg L-1) and high sodium fluoride (NaF) concentrations (e.g., >1000 mg L-1), respectively, exhibiting poor salt adsorption capacity (SAC). Hence, a three-layer structured electrode, "membrane/carbon nanotube (CNT)/activated carbon (AC)" (CNT-MCE), was prepared through electrospinning CNT onto AC, followed by a polymer membrane coating. Compared to AC and membrane coated electrode, CNT-MCE with mesopore-dominated structure prevented EDL overlap, achieving a higher SAC of 40.8 mg g-1 at 100 mg L-1 NaF. At 1500 mg L-1 NaF, the positively charged CNT-MCE exhibited an improved SAC of 58.8 mg g-1 by inhibiting co-ion effects. Meanwhile, CNT-MCE consistently demonstrated superb SACs at 200 - 800 mg L-1 NaF and maintained excellent stability over a wide concentration gradient by inhibiting severe oxidation. Notably, CNT-MCE successfully decreased the F- concentration in simulated groundwater from 3.4 to 1.1 mg L-1. Overall, our work provides an efficient strategy of electrode design to broaden the applicability of CDI for groundwater defluorination over a wide concentration gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yangbo Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yubo Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Long-Fei Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Shao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 Shanghai, PR China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, Yunnan University, No. 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, PR China.
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Wang Y, Pan Q, Qiao Y, Wang X, Deng D, Zheng F, Chen B, Qiu J. Layered Metal Oxide Nanosheets with Enhanced Interlayer Space for Electrochemical Deionization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210871. [PMID: 36645218 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical deionization is regarded as one of the promising water treatment technologies. Here, CoAl-layered metal oxide nanosheets intercalated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with an enhanced interlayer spacing from 0.76 to 1.33 nm are synthesized and used as an anode. The enlarged interlayer spacing provides an enhanced ion-diffusion channel and improves the utilization of the interlayer electroactive sites, while heat treatment, transferring layered double hydroxides to layered metal oxides (LMOs), offers additional active oxidation reaction sites to facilitate the electro-sorption rate, contributing to the high salt adsorption capacity (31.78 mg g-1 ) and average salt adsorption rate (3.75 mg g-1 min-1 ) at 1.2 V in 500 mg L-1 NaCl solution. In addition, the excellent long-term cycling stability (92.9%) after 40 cycles proves the strong electronic interaction between SDS and the host layer, which is validated by density functional theory calculations later on. Moreover, the electro-sorption mechanism of LMOs that originated from the reconstruction of the layered structure based on the "memory effect" is revealed according to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy peak shifts of Co element. This strategy of expanding the interlayer spacing combined with heat treatment makes LMOs a competitive candidate for electrochemical water deionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qianfeng Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yixuan Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dingfei Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fenghua Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Capacitive deionization of high concentrations of hexavalent chromium using nickel-ferric-layered double hydroxide/molybdenum disulfide asymmetric electrode. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:793-803. [PMID: 36565621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To decontaminate wastewater affected by high concentrations of aqueous hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and improve the capability of layered double hydroxide (LDH) as an electrode in the capacitive deionization (CDI) process, nickel-ferric-LDH (NiFe-LDH) and NiFe-LDH/molybdenum disulfide (NiFe/MoS2) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Characterization results indicated that the flower-like cluster framework of MoS2 was decorated with the NiFe-LDH. Addition of MoS2 improved the conductivity, capacitance reversibility, charge efficiency, coulombic efficiency, and stability of NiFe/MoS2. The CDI performance of aqueous Cr(VI) was evaluated using NiFe/MoS2 and activated carbon as the anode and cathode, respectively. The process reached equilibrium within 240 min. The deionization capacity and removal ratio for Cr(VI) (100 mg/L, 100 mL) were 49.71 mg/g and 99.42 %, respectively, at 1.2 V and 20 mL/min. The isothermal data were accurately described using the Langmuir model, and the theoretical maximum deionization capacity of NiFe/MoS2 for Cr(VI) was 106.2 mg/g. The interaction mechanisms included electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, and reduction. These findings indicate that NiFe/MoS2 has feasible applications in practical wastewater treatment for Cr(VI) removal.
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Yu F, Zhang X, Liu P, Chen B, Ma J. "Blockchain-Like" MIL-101(Cr)/Carbon Black Electrodes for Unprecedented Defluorination by Capacitive Deionization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205619. [PMID: 36538724 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) have attracted extensive attention due to their ultra-high specific surface area and tunable structure, the mechanism of direct utilization for capacitive deionization (CDI) defluorination remains undefined. Here, MIL-101(Cr) with ultra-high specific surface area, high water stability, and open metal sites (OMSs) is prepared by a hydrothermal method for defluorination of CDI. Carbon black is used as a "chain" to connect F-stored in the holes of MIL-101(Cr) (Cr-MOF)as "blocks" to enhance the conductivity and ion storage capacity of MIL-101(Cr)/carbon black electrodes (Cr-MOF electrodes). This simple construction method avoids the process complexity of in situ synthesis and performs better. These easily constructed "blockchain-like" Cr-MOF electrodes exhibit excellent defluorination capacity (39.84 mgNaF gelectrodes -1 ), low energy consumption (1.2 kWh kgNaF -1 ), and good stability. The coupling of the electrochemical redox reaction of Cr3+ /Cr4+ with confined water is investigated using in situ and ex situ analysis methods combined with density functional theory (DFT), resulting in an unprecedented defluorination mechanism for Cr-MOF electrodes. This study opens up new ideas for the application of MOF in CDI, clarifies the removal mechanism of MOF, and lays a foundation for further promoting the application of raw materials with poor conductivity in the field of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Biolin (Shanghai) Trading Company Ltd., Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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Kang H, Zhang D, Chen X, Zhao H, Yang D, Li Y, Bao M, Wang Z. Preparation of MOF/polypyrrole and flower-like MnO 2 electrodes by electrodeposition: High-performance materials for hybrid capacitive deionization defluorination. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119441. [PMID: 36470045 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine pollution has become a global public health problem due to its adverse health effects. Adsorption is the primary method for removing fluoride from drinking water. However, the adsorption method has disadvantages such as difficulty in recovering the adsorbent, and the need to add additional chemicals for regeneration, thereby causing secondary pollution, which limits further industrial applications. Capacitive deionization (CDI), as an emerging water treatment technology, has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages of simple operation, low energy consumption and less environmental impact. In this study, a polypyrrole (PPy) film was prepared on a graphite substrate by electrodeposition, and then metal-organic framework Ce/Zn-BDC-NH2 (CZBN) was deposited on the PPy film by electrophoretic deposition to obtain CZBN/PPy electrode was obtained. The CZBN/PPy anode was then coupled with the MnO2 cathode for capacitive removal of fluoride in a CDI cell. Both CZBN/PPy and MnO2 electrodes exhibit pseudocapacitive behavior, which can selectively and reversibly intercalate F- (CZBN/PPy) and Na+ (MnO2) ions. As expected, the CZBN/PPy-MnO2 system exhibits excellent fluorine removal performance. In 1.2 V, 100 mg/L F- solution, the F- removal capacity can reach 55.12 mg/g. It has high F- selectivity in the presence of some common anions, and can maintain high F- removal ability even after five adsorption regeneration processes. The mechanism of F- removal was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). F- was mainly removed by electrostatic interaction and ion exchange with hydroxyl. The excellent defluorination performance of the CZBN/PPy-MnO2 system makes it have good practical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Kang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Haosen Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China.
| | - Mutai Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Zhining Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China.
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Zhang X, Li Y, Yang Z, Yang P, Wang J, Shi M, Yu F, Ma J. Industrially-prepared carbon aerogel for excellent fluoride removal by membrane capacitive deionization from brackish groundwaters. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hu Y, Hu B, Ge Y, Nie P, Yang J, Huang M, Liu J. In-situ synthesis of UiO-66-NH2 on porous carbon nanofibers for high performance defluoridation by capacitive deionization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ye C, Deng J, Huai L, Cai A, Ling X, Guo H, Wang Q, Li X. Multifunctional capacity of CoMnFe-LDH/LDO activated peroxymonosulfate for p-arsanilic acid removal and inorganic arsenic immobilization: Performance and surface-bound radical mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150379. [PMID: 34571222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organoarsenic contaminants existing in water body threat human health and ecological environment due to insufficient bifunctional treatment technologies for organoarsenic degradation and inorganic arsenic immobilization. In order to safely and efficiently treat organoarsenic contaminants discharged into the aquatic environment, Co-Mn-Fe layered double hydroxide (CoMnFe-LDH) and Co-Mn-Fe layered double oxide (CoMnFe-LDO) were fabricated and employed as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator for organoarsenic degradation and inorganic arsenic immobilization, and p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) was selected as target pollutant. Results demonstrated that the satisfactory removal of p-ASA (100.0%) in both CoMnFe-LDH/PMS and CoMnFe-LDO/PMS systems was obtained within 30 min, and substantial inorganic arsenic adsorption could be achieved (below 0.5 mg/L) in two systems with converting major inorganic arsenic species to arsenate. As XPS, ESR and quenching experiment revealed, the existence and generation of surface-bound radicals in two systems were identified. Based on density functional theory calculation and XPS analysis, the catalytic mechanism of CoMnFe-LDO/PMS system that PMS could be activated via direct electron transfer from adsorbed p-ASA was clarified, which differed from PMS activation via coupling with surface hydroxyl groups in CoMnFe-LDH/PMS system. Catalytic performance assessment under various critical operation parameters indicated that CoMnFe-LDH presented more stable ability of p-ASA removal in a wide pH range and complex aquatic environment. The recycle experiment demonstrated the excellent stability and reusability of CoMnFe-LDH(LDO). Besides, seven degradation products of p-ASA in CoMnFe-LDH/PMS system including phenolic compounds, azophenylarsonic acid, nitrobenzene and benzoquinne were identified by UV-Vis spectra and LC-TOF-MS analysis, and the corresponding degradation pathway was proposed. In summary, compared to CoMnFe-LDO/PMS, CoMnFe-LDH/PMS holds great promise for the development of an oxidation-adsorption process for efficient control of organoarsenic pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ye
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Lingyi Huai
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Anhong Cai
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xiao Ling
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Hongguang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiongfang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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Therese Angeles A, Park J, Ham K, Bong S, Lee J. High-performance capacitive deionization electrodes through regulated electrodeposition of manganese oxide and nickel-manganese oxide/hydroxide onto activated carbon. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang X, Guo Y, Xie N, Guo R, Wang Y, Hu ZN, Xu W, Ai Y, Gao J, Wang J, Liang Q, Niu D, Sun HB, Qi Y. Ternary NiFeMnOx compounds for adsorption of antimony and subsequent application in energy storage to avoid secondary pollution. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Multi-walled vanadium oxide nanotubes modified 3D microporous bioderived carbon as novel electrodes for hybrid capacitive deionization. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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