1
|
Segaran A, Chua LS. Review of recent applications and modifications of aqueous two-phase system for the separation of biomolecules. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133856. [PMID: 39009267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecules, specifically proteins, polysaccharides, and secondary metabolites are potential lead compounds due to their remarkable pharmacological properties. However, the complex molecular structure of the biomolecules makes their separation processes of great challenges. The conventional downstream processes require multistep protocols that are less efficient, high solvent consumption, expensive, time-consuming, and laborious. Hence, aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a reliable technique for the extraction and purification of biomolecules from a complex mixture. ATPS is an environmentally friendly, simple, cost effective, and easily scalable process. It requires a short processing time to separate biomolecules of industrial values simultaneously in a single process. Modifications have also been performed by introducing deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, carbohydrates, amino acids or copolymers to enhance the process efficiency with an increased yield, purity and bioactivity of recovered biomolecules. This review attempts to review the recent developed ATPSs and their efficiency to extract, isolate, and purify biomolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, secondary metabolites and other biological substances. The review provides insights into the feasibility and reliability of ATPS for biomolecule recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Segaran
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Technologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - L S Chua
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Technologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Technologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Antunes E, Cintra B, Bredel M, Temmink H, Schuur B. Fractionation of Extracellular Polymeric Substances by Aqueous Three-Phase Partitioning Systems. Ind Eng Chem Res 2024; 63:10748-10760. [PMID: 38911146 PMCID: PMC11191973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are natural polymers secreted by microorganisms and represent a key chemical for the development of a range of circular economy applications. The production of EPS comes with notable challenges such as downstream processing. In this work, a three-phase partitioning (TPP) system was investigated as a fractionation technique for the separation of polysaccharides and proteins, both present in the EPS culture broth. The effect of the type of phase-forming compounds (alcohol, polymer, or ionic liquid, in combination with salt) and its concentration were evaluated and compared to the results previously obtained with model systems. The recyclability of phase-forming compounds used to form the fractionation platform was assessed by ultrafiltration. The best fractionation of EPS was achieved using a TPP system composed of 23 wt % ethanol and 25% K3C6H5O7 as 82% EPS-PS partitioned to the salt-rich/bottom phase, and 76% EPS-PN was recovered as an interfacial precipitate, which could be readily resolubilized in water. This represented an increase of 1.24 and 2.83-fold in the purity of EPS-PS and EPS-PN, respectively, in relation to the initial feed concentration. Finally, high recovery yields of phase-forming compounds (>99%) and fractionated EPS (>80%) were obtained using ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) as the regeneration technique. The substantial fractionation yields, selectivity, and recyclability of the phase-forming compounds confirm the potential of TPP systems in combination with UF/DF as the separation method for real biopolymer mixtures. Key contributions of this study include the demonstration of the applicability of a readily scalable and cost-effective separation technique for the fractionation of EPS from real EPS-containing broths, while also the limitations of prescreening with model systems became clear through the observed deviating trends between model system studies and real broth studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn
C. Antunes
- Wetsus—European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Sustainable
Process Technology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bruna Cintra
- Wetsus—European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthieu Bredel
- Wetsus—European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Hardy Temmink
- Wetsus—European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Environmental Technology, Wageningen
University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boelo Schuur
- Sustainable
Process Technology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Science and Technology, University of
Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Luo Y, Zhao J, Zheng W, Zhan J, Zheng H, Luo F. Emerging delivery systems based on aqueous two-phase systems: A review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:110-132. [PMID: 38239237 PMCID: PMC10792979 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is an all-aqueous system fabricated from two immiscible aqueous phases. It is spontaneously assembled through physical liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and can create suitable templates like the multicompartment of the intracellular environment. Delicate structures containing multiple compartments make it possible to endow materials with advanced functions. Due to the properties of ATPSs, ATPS-based drug delivery systems exhibit excellent biocompatibility, extraordinary loading efficiency, and intelligently controlled content release, which are particularly advantageous for delivering drugs in vivo . Therefore, we will systematically review and evaluate ATPSs as an ideal drug delivery system. Based on the basic mechanisms and influencing factors in forming ATPSs, the transformation of ATPSs into valuable biomaterials is described. Afterward, we concentrate on the most recent cutting-edge research on ATPS-based delivery systems. Finally, the potential for further collaborations between ATPS-based drug-carrying biomaterials and disease diagnosis and treatment is also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yankun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huaping Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Rare Diseases Center, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu G, Ren B, Zhou Q, Xiong J, Ma X, Zhao L, Jiang F, Yang X, Wang S. Outstanding Performance of the Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Aqueous Biphasic System Constructed with Sodium Citrate for a Green Gold Separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37366178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) that are based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are environmentally benign systems to use for metal ion separation. In this work, a series of DESs was synthesized for the first time with PEG 400 as hydrogen bond donors and tetrabutylphonium bromide (P4Br), tetrabutylammonium bromide (N4Br), or tetrabutylammonium chloride (N4Cl) as hydrogen bond acceptors, and then they were combined with citrate (Na3C6H5O7), which is eco-friendly, to construct an ABS for use in the separation of Au(I) from an aurocyanide solution. Phase diagrams of DESs + Na3C6H5O7 + H2O systems were constructed using the experimentally measured data. Multiple factors that affect the efficiency of the gold extraction were studied; these factors were the species of salt or DES and their content, the equilibrium pH, the oscillation time, and the initial gold concentration. Gold(I) is preferentially retained in the DES-rich phase, and the P4Br:PEG 1:2 + Na3C6H5O7 + H2O system has a high extraction efficiency of 100.0% under optimized conditions. FT-IR, NMR, and TEM characterizations and DFT calculations show that the migration of Au(I) from the salt-rich to the DES-rich phase follows an ion exchange mechanism. Specifically, Au(CN)2- replaces Br- in the original P4Br and generates a stable ion pair with the quaternary phosphonium salt cation, P+, and this replacement is driven by electrostatic attractions. A new strong hydrogen bond network simultaneously forms between the anionic Au(CN)2- and the -OH group in the PEG 400 component. Finally, the gold of Au(I)-loaded P4Br:PEG 1:2 can be successfully reduced by sodium borohydride with an efficiency of 100.0%. The strategy to extract gold(I) from alkaline cyanide solutions using an ABS based on DESs as proposed in this work provides a potential platform for developing green technology for recovering gold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Zhu
- Research Center of Lake Restoration Technology Engineering for Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Boxian Ren
- Research Center of Lake Restoration Technology Engineering for Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Qiaoshu Zhou
- Research Center of Lake Restoration Technology Engineering for Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Jiaxing Xiong
- Research Center of Lake Restoration Technology Engineering for Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Research Center of Lake Restoration Technology Engineering for Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Research Center of Lake Restoration Technology Engineering for Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Fengzhi Jiang
- Research Center of Lake Restoration Technology Engineering for Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Xiangjun Yang
- Research Center of Lake Restoration Technology Engineering for Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Shixiong Wang
- Research Center of Lake Restoration Technology Engineering for Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Velho P, Rebelo CS, Macedo EA. Extraction of Gallic Acid and Ferulic Acid for Application in Hair Supplements. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052369. [PMID: 36903614 PMCID: PMC10005415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Food supplements based on antioxidants and vitamins are often prescribed to correct inefficiencies in the human diet and delay diseases such as premature aging and alopecia (temporary or permanent hair loss), given the free radical scavenging activity of these biomolecules. By reducing the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote abnormal hair follicle cycling and morphology, follicle inflammation and oxidative stress are reduced, minimising the effects of these health issues. Gallic acid (GA), which is significantly present in gallnuts and in pomegranate root bark, and ferulic acid (FA), commonly found in brown rice and coffee seeds, are very important antioxidants for the preservation of hair colour, strength and growth. In this work, these two secondary phenolic metabolites were successfully extracted in the Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS) {ethyl lactate (1) + trisodium citrate (2) + water (3)} and {ethyl lactate (1) + tripotassium citrate (2) + water (3)} at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa, moving towards the application of these ternary systems in extracting antioxidants from biowaste and their a posteriori processing as food supplements for hair fortification. The studied ATPS provided biocompatible and sustainable media for the extraction of gallic acid and ferulic acid, yielding low mass losses (<3%) and contributing to an eco-friendlier production of therapeutics. The most promising results were obtained for ferulic acid, which attained maximum partition coefficients (K) of 15 ± 5 and (3 ± 2) · 101 and maximum extraction efficiencies (E) of (92.7 ± 0.4)% and (96.7 ± 0.4)% for the longest tie-lines (TLL = 69.68 and 77.66 m%) in {ethyl lactate (1) + trisodium citrate (2) + water (3)} and {ethyl lactate (1) + tripotassium citrate (2) + water (3)}, respectively. Moreover, the effect of pH on the UV-Vis absorbance spectra was studied for all the biomolecules to minimise errors in solute quantification. Both GA and FA were found to be stable at the used extractive conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Velho
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina S. Rebelo
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugénia A. Macedo
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220-411-653
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Separation Technologies for Whey Protein Fractionation. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-022-09330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Whey is a by-product of cheese, casein, and yogurt manufacture. It contains a mixture of proteins that need to be isolated and purified to fully exploit their nutritional and functional characteristics. Protein-enriched fractions and highly purified proteins derived from whey have led to the production of valuable ingredients for many important food and pharmaceutical applications. This article provides a review on the separation principles behind both the commercial and emerging techniques used for whey protein fractionation, as well as the efficacy and limitations of these techniques in isolating and purifying individual whey proteins. The fractionation of whey proteins has mainly been achieved at commercial scale using membrane filtration, resin-based chromatography, and the integration of multiple technologies (e.g., precipitation, membrane filtration, and chromatography). Electromembrane separation and membrane chromatography are two main emerging techniques that have been developed substantially in recent years. Other new techniques such as aqueous two-phase separation and magnetic fishing are also discussed, but only a limited number of studies have reported their application in whey protein fractionation. This review offers useful insights into research directions and technology screening for academic researchers and dairy processors for the production of whey protein fractions with desired nutritional and functional properties.
Collapse
|
7
|
Aqueous biphasic systems as a key tool for food processing. Curr Opin Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2023.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
8
|
Artificial neural network modeling on the polymer-electrolyte aqueous two-phase systems involving biomolecules. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
9
|
Resource recovery from food-processing wastewaters in a circular economy: a methodology for the future. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 76:102735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
10
|
Caldeira ACR, Converti A, Naves de Moraes M, Faria JTD. Anthocyanin Partition in Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems Based on Isopropanol and Sodium/Ammonium Sulfate. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Rocha Caldeira
- Agricultural Sciences Institute Federal University of Minas Gerais Av. Universitária 1000 Montes Claro 39400000 Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering University of Genoa Via Opera Pia 15 Genoa 16145 Italy
| | - Moysés Naves de Moraes
- Department of Food Technology Federal University of Viçosa Av. P. H. Rolfs s/n Viçosa 36570900 Brazil
| | - Janaína Teles de Faria
- Agricultural Sciences Institute Federal University of Minas Gerais Av. Universitária 1000 Montes Claro 39400000 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DEVELOPMENT, MODELING AND SIMULATION OF EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION OF BIXIN FROM ANNATTO SEEDS (Bixa orellana L.). Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Recovery Techniques Enabling Circular Chemistry from Wastewater. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041389. [PMID: 35209179 PMCID: PMC8877087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era where it becomes less and less accepted to just send waste to landfills and release wastewater into the environment without treatment, numerous initiatives are pursued to facilitate chemical production from waste. This includes microbial conversions of waste in digesters, and with this type of approach, a variety of chemicals can be produced. Typical for digestion systems is that the products are present only in (very) dilute amounts. For such productions to be technically and economically interesting to pursue, it is of key importance that effective product recovery strategies are being developed. In this review, we focus on the recovery of biologically produced carboxylic acids, including volatile fatty acids (VFAs), medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs), long-chain dicarboxylic acids (LCDAs) being directly produced by microorganisms, and indirectly produced unsaturated short-chain acids (USCA), as well as polymers. Key recovery techniques for carboxylic acids in solution include liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, and membrane separations. The route toward USCA is discussed, including their production by thermal treatment of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) polymers and the downstream separations. Polymers included in this review are extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Strategies for fractionation of the different fractions of EPS are discussed, aiming at the valorization of both polysaccharides and proteins. It is concluded that several separation strategies have the potential to further develop the wastewater valorization chains.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pereira Neves H, Max Dias Ferreira G, Max Dias Ferreira G, Rodrigues de Lemos L, Dias Rodrigues G, Albis Leão V, Barbosa Mageste A. Liquid-liquid extraction of rare earth elements using systems that are more environmentally friendly: Advances, challenges and perspectives. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
14
|
Mehra R, Kumar H, Kumar N, Ranvir S, Jana A, Buttar HS, Telessy IG, Awuchi CG, Okpala COR, Korzeniowska M, Guiné RP. Whey proteins processing and emergent derivatives: An insight perspective from constituents, bioactivities, functionalities to therapeutic applications. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
15
|
Varadavenkatesan T, Pai S, Vinayagam R, Pugazhendhi A, Selvaraj R. Recovery of value-added products from wastewater using Aqueous Two-Phase Systems - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146293. [PMID: 33714810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is long seen as a technique that promotes higher purity and yield in a single step. It is witnessing increased acceptance as a preferred choice for combined goals of concentration, separation and purification of a target product, be it industrially valuable or environmentally contaminating. Purification of biomolecules like enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, etc. has been the forte of ATPS. Currently, the technique is used for concentrating the toxic fractions from diverse industrial let offs, from food, dairy, beverage, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, dyeing, tannery and metal-processing industries. Apart from being simple, efficient, rapid, flexible, economical, and biocompatible, the selectivity, purity and yield are on par and sometimes higher than the traditional downstream steps. From an industrial angle too, problems related to scale-up of ATPS are being actively addressed. Many novel approaches are being added by way of varying ATPS components to increase the yield and purity. Another case in point is the inclusion of optimization techniques for zeroing in on the precise setting of the operating parameters. With increasing impetus to the approach, we attempt to draw attention from academia and industries, alike, that are developing novel tweaks to the currently existing practices in ATPS. This review aims to assess and evaluate the different types of ATPS that have been used for the recovery of valuables and contaminants from industrial waste discharges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal institute of technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shraddha Pai
- Department of Chemical engineering, Manipal institute of technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical engineering, Manipal institute of technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Raja Selvaraj
- Department of Chemical engineering, Manipal institute of technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|