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Li N, Hou J, Ou R, Yeo L, Choudhury NR, Zhang H. Stimuli-Responsive Ion Adsorbents for Sustainable Separation Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17699-17720. [PMID: 37695744 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive ion absorbents (SRIAs) with reversible ion adsorption and desorption properties have recently attracted immense attention due to their outstanding functionalities for sustainable separation applications. Over the past decade, a series of SRIAs that respond to single or multiple external stimuli (e.g., pH, gas, temperature, light, magnetic, and voltage) have been reported to achieve excellent ion adsorption capacity and selectivity while simultaneously allowing for their reusability. In contrast to traditional adsorbents that are mainly regenerated through chemical additives, SRIAs allow for reduced chemical and even chemical-free regeneration capacities, thereby enabling environmentally friendly and energy-efficient separation technologies. In this review, we systematically summarize the materials and strategies reported to date for synthesizing single-, dual-, and multiresponsive ion adsorbents. Following a discourse on the fundamental mechanisms that govern their adsorption and desorption under various external stimuli, we provide a concise discussion of the regeneration capacity and application of these responsive ion adsorbents for sustainable water desalination, toxic ion removal, and valuable ion extract and recovery. Finally, we discuss the challenges in developing and deploying these promising multifunctional responsive ion adsorbents together with strategies to overcome these limitations and provide prospects for their future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Li
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jue Hou
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ranwen Ou
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Leslie Yeo
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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2
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Zhang J, Wei X, Zhang Z, Yuan C, Huo T, Niu F, Lin X, Liu C, Li H, Chen Z. Magnetic chitosan/TiO 2 composite for vanadium(v) adsorption simultaneously being transformed to an enhanced natural photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7392-7401. [PMID: 36895774 PMCID: PMC9989847 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A magnetic chitosan/TiO2 composite material (MCT) was developed. MCT was successfully synthesized by a one-pot method using chitosan, TiO2, and Fe3O4. The absorption equilibrium time of MCT was 40 min in absorbing vanadium(v), the optimal adsorption pH was 4, and the maximum adsorption capacity of vanadium(v) was 117.1 mg g-1. The spent MCT was applied to photocatalytic reactions for reutilization. The decolorization rates for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) by new and spent MCT were 86.4% and 94.3%, respectively. The new and spent MCT exhibited absorption bands at 397 and 455 nm, respectively, which showed that the spent MCT was red-shifted to the cyan light region. These results indicated that the forbidden band widths of the new and spent MCT were about 3.12 and 2.72 eV, respectively. The mechanism of the degradation reaction showed that the hydroxyl radicals as oxidants in the spent MCT mediated the photocatalytic degradation of RhB. In addition, the superoxide anion radical formation of hydroxyl radicals was the main reaction, and the hole generation of hydroxyl radicals was the subordinate reaction. The N-de-ethylated intermediates and organic acids were monitored by MS and HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China
| | - Xuxu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China
| | - Zifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China
| | - Caixia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China
| | - Ting Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China
| | - Chunli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China
| | - Zhenbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 Gansu China
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3
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Niu F, Xu W, Wu G, Lu S, Ou X, Chen Z, Zhao X, Sun Y, Song Y, Zhang P. Synthesis process and adsorption performance of temperature-sensitive ion-imprinted porous microspheres (ReO 4−-TIIM) for the selective separation of ReO 4−. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption–desorption process of imprinted microspheres is controlled by changing the temperature conditions of the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Wan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Nickel and Cobalt Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchang 737100, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Zhenbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nickel and Cobalt Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchang 737100, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nickel and Cobalt Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchang 737100, Gansu, P. R. China
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Kang K, Zhang M, Li L, Lei L, Xiao C. Selective Sequestration of Perrhenate by Cationic Polymeric Networks Based on Elongated Pyridyl Ligands. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Kang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lecheng Lei
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Chengliang Xiao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
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Selective separation and purification of ReO4- by temperature-sensitive imprinted polymer with porous interconnected network structure. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang X, Li P, Wang G, Zhao L, Cheng H. Preparation and permeation recognition mechanism of Cr(vi) ion-imprinted composite membranes. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Cr(vi) ion-imprinted composite membranes (Cr(vi)-IICMs) were prepared by using the surface imprinting method. The template ion was Cr(vi), the functional monomer was 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP), and the nylon filter membrane (nylon-6) was the support membrane. Non-imprinted composite membranes (NICMs) were prepared under the same conditions as the corresponding Cr(vi)-IICM. The adsorption effect of the imprinted membrane can reach 2.4 times that of the corresponding non-imprinted membrane. Meanwhile, the adsorption quantity of Cr(vi)-IICM was 34.60 μmol·g−1. The physical characteristics of membranes were confirmed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and scanning electron microscopy. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry was used to analyze their adsorption properties and permeation selectivity. Cr(vi)-IICM and NICM were both mesoporous materials from the structural characterization and performance test results. Their adsorption behavior conformed to the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The permeation recognition mechanism of Cr(vi)-IICM was the Piletsky’s gate model. The IICM still has excellent permeability selectivity to Cr(vi) in the presence of competitive ions. The results provided a reference for the isolation and enrichment of Cr(vi).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Peng Li
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Guifang Wang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Li Zhao
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650500 , China
| | - Huiling Cheng
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650500 , China
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Musarurwa H, Tavengwa NT. Thermo-responsive polymers and advances in their applications in separation science. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zhao S, Wang R, Ou X, Zhang J, Li H, Liu C, Chen Z, Zhang X, Huo T, Chen Z, Cheng W, Zhu J, Lu S, Zhang P. Selective identification and separation of ReO 4- by biomimetic flexible temperature-sensitive imprinted composite membranes. Talanta 2021; 235:122791. [PMID: 34517649 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new type of temperature-sensitive imprinted composite membranes(ICMs) was developed. Poly N,N-diethylacrylamide (DEA) blocks, as temperature-sensitive polymer, were grafted onto the substrate of the imprinted polymer separation layer to endow membranes with better adsorption effect. The comprehensive properties of the imprinted composite membranes were adequately tested and evaluated in detail. Results showed that ReO4- -ICMs (Re-ICMs) with temperature-sensitive recognition sites could adjust the structure of the imprinted holes at different temperatures, which presented excellent performance in the selective separation and purification of ReO4-. The prepared Re-ICMs exhibit the maximum adsorption capacity of 0.1639 mmol/g at 35 °C with the equilibrium adsorption time of 2 h. After ten adsorption/desorption cycles, Re-ICMs could still maintain 73.5% of the original adsorption capacity, the separation degree of ReO4-/MnO4- was only reduced from the initial 24.5 to 15.9, and the desorption ratio dropped from 80.4% to 68.4%, indicating that Re-ICMs have excellent adsorption and separation performance and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Runtian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojian Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Nickel and Cobalt Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchang, 737100, GanSu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Zhengcan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Ting Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China.
| | - Wenxia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Jinian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Nickel and Cobalt Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchang, 737100, GanSu, China
| | - Sujun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Nickel and Cobalt Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchang, 737100, GanSu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nickel and Cobalt Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchang, 737100, GanSu, China
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Li P, Wang X, Wang G, Zhao L, Hong Y, Hu X, Zi F, Cheng H. Synthesis and evaluation of ion-imprinted composite membranes of Cr(vi) based on β-diketone functional monomers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38915-38924. [PMID: 35493214 PMCID: PMC9044227 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07678g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Cr(vi) as the imprinted ions and 2-allyl-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione (ADPD) (a compound synthesized by independent design) as the functional monomer, a series of chromium ion-imprinted composite membranes (Cr(vi)-IICMs) and corresponding non-imprinted composite membranes (NICMs) were synthesized and tested. The results showed that the Cr(vi)-IICM10 membrane prepared under optimal experimental conditions exhibited a high adsorption capacity towards Cr(vi) (Q = 30.35 mg g−1) and a high imprinting factor (α = 2.70). The structural characteristics of Cr(vi)-IICM10 and NICM10 were investigated using FE-SEM, ATR-FTIR, and BET techniques combined with UV-Vis photometry and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to evaluate the adsorption performance and permeation selectivity, while the effect on adsorption permeance of varying the experimental conditions including the solvent type, pH, and temperature was also investigated. The results showed that Cr(vi)-IICM10 is a mesoporous material with excellent permeation selectivity, reusability, and favorable pH response, and that its adsorption behavior is in accordance with the Langmuir model and pseudo-first-order kinetics. Thus, Cr(vi)-IICM10 shows great potential towards utilization as a “smart membrane” to control the separation and removal of Cr(vi) in wastewater, and also proved a reasonable design of the new functional monomer ADPD. Using Cr(vi) as the imprinted ions and 2-allyl-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione (a compound of independent design) as the functional monomer, a series of chromium ion-imprinted composite membranes and corresponding non-imprinted composite membranes were synthesized and tested.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Guifang Wang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Li Zhao
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Yuwen Hong
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Xianzhi Hu
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Futing Zi
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Huiling Cheng
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
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Kasza G, Stumphauser T, Bisztrán M, Szarka G, Hegedüs I, Nagy E, Iván B. Thermoresponsive Poly( N, N-diethylacrylamide- co-glycidyl methacrylate) Copolymers and Its Catalytically Active α-Chymotrypsin Bioconjugate with Enhanced Enzyme Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:987. [PMID: 33806995 PMCID: PMC8004754 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Responsive (smart, intelligent, adaptive) polymers have been widely explored for a variety of advanced applications in recent years. The thermoresponsive poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm), which has a better biocompatibility than the widely investigated poly(N,N-isopropylacrylamide), has gained increased interest in recent years. In this paper, the successful synthesis, characterization, and bioconjugation of a novel thermoresponsive copolymer, poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(DEAAm-co-GMA)), obtained by free radical copolymerization with various comonomer contents and monomer/initiator ratios are reported. It was found that all the investigated copolymers possess LCST-type thermoresponsive behavior with small extent of hysteresis, and the critical solution temperatures (CST), i.e., the cloud and clearing points, decrease linearly with increasing GMA content of these copolymers. The P(DEAAm-co-GMA) copolymer with pendant epoxy groups was found to conjugate efficiently with α-chymotrypsin in a direct, one-step reaction, leading to enzyme-polymer nanoparticle (EPNP) with average size of 56.9 nm. This EPNP also shows reversible thermoresponsive behavior with somewhat higher critical solution temperature than that of the unreacted P(DEAAm-co-GMA). Although the catalytic activity of the enzyme-polymer nanoconjugate is lower than that of the native enzyme, the results of the enzyme activity investigations prove that the pH and thermal stability of the enzyme is significantly enhanced by conjugation the with P(DEAAm-co-GMA) copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Kasza
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Tímea Stumphauser
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Márk Bisztrán
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Györgyi Szarka
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Imre Hegedüs
- Chemical and Biochemical Procedures Laboratory, Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (I.H.); (E.N.)
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37–47, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Nagy
- Chemical and Biochemical Procedures Laboratory, Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary; (I.H.); (E.N.)
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (T.S.); (M.B.); (G.S.)
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