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Li X, Wei X, Yang N, Wang X, Wang Q, Wu K. Process for Producing Lithium Iodide Cleanly through Electrodialysis Metathesis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16631-16639. [PMID: 38617683 PMCID: PMC11007853 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Lithium iodide is commonly used in the production of batteries and drugs. Currently, the neutralization method is the primary means of producing lithium iodide. This method involves using hydriodic acid as a raw material, adding lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide, and obtaining lithium iodide through evaporation and concentration. However, hydriodic acid is chemically unstable. Its preparation can lead to explosive accidents and encountering high temperatures generates toxic iodine vapors. These limitations restrict its industrial production. The study evaluates the impact of membrane stack configuration, operating voltage, and initial concentrations and volume ratios of reactants on the production process. Electrodialysis metathesis, characterized by a simpler process flow, lower energy consumption, and environmental benefits, emerges as an effective technique for electrically driven membrane separation in lithium salt production and purification. Under the specific conditions of a C-C-A-C-A-C membrane stack configuration, operating voltage at 25 V, initial potassium iodide concentration at 0.4 mol/L, initial lithium sulfate concentration at 0.2 mol/L, and a 1:1 volume ratio of product liquid to raw material liquid, the method achieves a lithium iodide purity of 98.9% with a production cost of approximately 0.502 $/kg LiI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xinlai Wei
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ke Wu
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
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Wang Y, Ren L, Wang J, Zhao J, Chen QB. In-situ growth of anionic covalent organic frameworks efficaciously enhanced the monovalent selectivity of anion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang H, Yan J, Song W, Jiang C, Wang Y, Xu T. Ion exchange membrane related processes towards carbon capture, utilization and storage: Current trends and perspectives. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ren L, Chen QB, Wang J, Zhao J, Wang Y, Li PF, Dong L. Enhanced ethylene glycol (EG)-blocking property of cation exchange membrane by layered double hydroxides modification for electrodialysis-based reclamation of EG waste fluid. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li PF, Chen QB, Wang J, Xu Y, Dong L, Wang J. Developing a reclamation strategy for softening nanofiltration brine: A scaling-free conversion approach via continuous two-stage electrodialysis metathesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150374. [PMID: 34628293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A significant amount of concentrated, scaling-prone brine can be generated during the conversion of unconventional water resources to freshwater, thus necessitating the zero discharge of concentrated brine to meet environmental and resource requirements. In this study, a two-stage feed-and-bleed electrodialysis metathesis (FB-EDM) process was implemented to reclaim softening nanofiltration (SNF) brine. To determine the optimized process parameters, experiments were conducted with various initial diluate to concentrate volume ratios (VD:VC), applied voltages, replenishment flow rates (Qrp), and initial diluate compartment concentration ratios (CD1:CD2). The results indicated that these parameters (except for the initial volume ratio) significantly influenced the FB-EDM process. The optimized conditions included a VD:VC of 2:1, voltage of 1.5 V per repeating unit, Qrp of 4 L/h, and CD1:CD2 of 1.5:1. The two-stage FB-EDM process operating under the optimized conditions achieved an energy consumption of <0.9 kWh/kg salt, and the total dissolved solids (TDS) in terms of Cl-type and Na-type salts reached 199.1 and 224.4 g/L, respectively; the corresponding overflow rates were 1.17 and 1.14 L/h, respectively. The developed system thus demonstrated approximately 85% TDS removal and ionic conversion of the brine; additionally, the self-crystallization of CaSO4·2H2O was realized by blending the Cl-type and Na-type salts. This process therefore represents a suitable method for converting SNF brine into highly-concentrated liquid salts, and provides a reclamation strategy for miscellaneous salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qing-Bai Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianyou Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Gao W, Zhao H, Wei X, Meng X, Wu K, Liu Y. A Green and Economical Method for Preparing Potassium Glutamate through Electrodialysis Metathesis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration of Anhui Province, School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration of Anhui Province, School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Xinlai Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration of Anhui Province, School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xiangwu Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration of Anhui Province, School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Ke Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration of Anhui Province, School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Sewage Purification and Eco-restoration Materials, Hefei 230088, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration of Anhui Province, School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China
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Chen QB, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhao J, Li PF, Xu Y. Sustainable disposal of seawater brine by novel hybrid electrodialysis system: Fine utilization of mixed salts. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117335. [PMID: 34175727 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable seawater brine treatment demands an essential paradigm shift for effective recovery of resources and high value utilization of mixed-salts. Here, a novel hybrid electrodialysis (ED) system was proposed that integrated an innovative hybrid selective ED (HSED) and a developed selective bipolar membrane ED (SBMED). The HSED process allowed simultaneous recovery of major divalent cations and anions from seawater brine when NaCl was selectively enriched. Then, the impure NaCl-rich stream was fed directly into the SBMED process for acid/base preparation without any purification pretreatment. Detailed analysis of the HSED process showed that increasing unit voltage from 2.33 V to 2.67 V would improve the removal ratio of Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42- from 54.7%, 41.4% and 13.3% to 78.9%, 76.6% and 32.1%, respectively. In addition, the increment of initial concentration of product streams promoted the transport of various ions from the feed and middle compartments. The fine utilization performance, in terms of ionic removal ratio and fractionation ratio of divalent ions in the HSED process, was more limited by the initial concentration of product streams. Furthermore, the SBMED stack was found to have nearly identical performance over five cycles, indicating that the presence of a trace amount of hardness cations did not induce scaling. The current study thus provided a novel suitable strategy with a perspective of fine utilization for practical applications in sustainable disposal of seawater brine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bai Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianyou Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinli Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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