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Di X, Wang Q, Zhang F, Feng H, Wang X, Cai C. Advances in the Modulation of Potato Tuber Dormancy and Sprouting. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5078. [PMID: 38791120 PMCID: PMC11121589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The post-harvest phase of potato tuber dormancy and sprouting are essential in determining the economic value. The intricate transition from dormancy to active growth is influenced by multiple factors, including environmental factors, carbohydrate metabolism, and hormonal regulation. Well-established environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light play pivotal roles in these processes. However, recent research has expanded our understanding to encompass other novel influences such as magnetic fields, cold plasma treatment, and UV-C irradiation. Hormones like abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinins (CK), auxin, and ethylene (ETH) act as crucial messengers, while brassinosteroids (BRs) have emerged as key modulators of potato tuber sprouting. In addition, jasmonates (JAs), strigolactones (SLs), and salicylic acid (SA) also regulate potato dormancy and sprouting. This review article delves into the intricate study of potato dormancy and sprouting, emphasizing the impact of environmental conditions, carbohydrate metabolism, and hormonal regulation. It explores how various environmental factors affect dormancy and sprouting processes. Additionally, it highlights the role of carbohydrates in potato tuber sprouting and the intricate hormonal interplay, particularly the role of BRs. This review underscores the complexity of these interactions and their importance in optimizing potato dormancy and sprouting for agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Di
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haojie Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiyao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengcheng Cai
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Sun W, Li J, Chen Z, Wang S, Lichtfouse E, Liu H. Decomposition of metal-organic complexes and metal recovery in wastewater: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169582. [PMID: 38154646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Metals are rarely found as free ions in natural and anthropogenic environments, but they are often associated with organic matter and minerals. Under the context of circular economy, metals should be recycled, yet they are difficult to extract for their complex forms in real situations. Based on the protocols of review methodology and the analysis of VOS viewer, there are few reviews on the properties of metal-organic complexes, decomplexation methods, the effect of coexisting ions, the pH influence, and metal recovery methods for the increasingly complicated metal-organic complexes wastewater. Conventional treatment methods such as flocculation, adsorption, biological degradation, and ion exchange fail to decompose metal-organic complexes completely without causing secondary pollution in wastewater. To enhance comprehension of the behavior and morphology exhibited by metal-organic complexes within aqueous solutions, we presented the molecular structure and properties of metal-organic complexes, the decomplexation mechanisms that encompassed both radical and non-radical oxidizing species, including hydroxyl radical (OH), sulfate radical (SO˙4-), superoxide radical (O˙2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ozone (O3), and singlet oxygen (1O2). More importantly, we reviewed novel aspects that have not been covered by previous reviews considering the impact of operational parameters and coexisting ions. Finally, the potential avenues and challenges were proposed for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ziang Chen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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Hama Aziz KH, Mustafa FS, Omer KM, Hama S, Hamarawf RF, Rahman KO. Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment: efficient and low-cost removal approaches to eliminate their toxicity: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17595-17610. [PMID: 37312989 PMCID: PMC10258679 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00723e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of water sources has emerged as a major global environmental concern, threatening both aquatic ecosystems and human health. Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment is on the rise due to industrialization, climate change, and urbanization. Sources of pollution include mining waste, landfill leachates, municipal and industrial wastewater, urban runoff, and natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, weathering, and rock abrasion. Heavy metal ions are toxic, potentially carcinogenic, and can bioaccumulate in biological systems. Heavy metals can cause harm to various organs, including the neurological system, liver, lungs, kidneys, stomach, skin, and reproductive systems, even at low exposure levels. Efforts to find efficient methods to remove heavy metals from wastewater have increased in recent years. Although some approaches can effectively remove heavy metal contaminants, their high preparation and usage costs may limit their practical applications. Many review articles have been published on the toxicity and treatment methods for removing heavy metals from wastewater. This review focuses on the main sources of heavy metal pollution, their biological and chemical transformation, toxicological impacts on the environment, and harmful effects on the ecosystem. It also examines recent advances in cost-effective and efficient techniques for removing heavy metals from wastewater, such as physicochemical adsorption using biochar and natural zeolite ion exchangers, as well as decomposition of heavy metal complexes through advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Finally, the advantages, practical applications, and future potential of these techniques are discussed, along with any challenges and limitations that must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Hikmat Hama Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Analysis Department, College of health sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya Sulaimaniya 46001 Kurdistan region Iraq
| | - Fryad S Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Khalid M Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Sarkawt Hama
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Rebaz Fayaq Hamarawf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Kaiwan Othman Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
- Razga Company Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
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Ar plasma jet treatment delay sprouting and maintains quality of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) by enhancing antioxidant capacity. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Sun H, Wang L, Liu Y, Cheng Z, Zhao Y, Guo H, Qu G, Wang T, Yin X. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) via surface modified g-C 3N 4 by acid-base regulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116431. [PMID: 36352721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) is a class of highly toxic heavy metals. In this study, alkali-modified g-C3N4 (cOH-CN) and acid-modified g-C3N4 (cH-CN) materials were successfully synthesized, and their photocatalytic activities for Cr(VI) reduction under visible light irradiation were tested. Owing to defect structures by cH-CN and -OH group introduction by cOH-CN, the modified materials exhibited a larger surface area, more abundant pore structures, a wider visible light absorption range, higher energy gap values, and a stronger capacity for electron-hole pair separation. As a result, satisfactory Cr(VI) reduction performance was gained by these two photocatalysts. Almost all Cr(VI) was converted to Cr(III) after 60 min of treatment in the presence of these two catalysts, while it was only 30% for the pristine g-C3N4 materials. Relatively higher dosages of cH-CN and cOH-CN and acidic conditions both improved Cr(VI) reduction in the cH-CN and cOH-CN photocatalytic systems. Cr(VI) reduction was mainly initiated by free electrons in the photocatalytic system of the modified materials. Finally, Cr(VI) in the photocatalytic system was almost completely converted to Cr(III). Furthermore, the stability and recycling of the cH-CN and cOH-CN catalysts were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Le Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - He Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Xianqiang Yin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
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Zhou L, Ma R, Yan C, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Qu G, He X, Wang T. Plasma-mediated aging process of different microplastics: Release of dissolved organic matter and formation of disinfection by-products. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang G, Wang T, Zhou J, Guo H, Qu G, Guo X, Jia H, Zhu L. Intrinsic mechanisms underlying the highly efficient removal of bacterial endotoxin and related risks in tailwater by dielectric barrier discharge plasma. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119214. [PMID: 36240712 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxin is widely present in aquatic environments and can induce adverse health effects. In this study, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was used to remove bacterial endotoxin from the tailwater of a wastewater treatment plant. The removal efficiency of total endotoxin activity was up to 92% with low electrical energy consumption (0.43 J mL-1%-1) after 180 s of the DBD plasma treatment, which was better than other previously reported methods. In the early stage of DBD plasma oxidation, the expression of genes related to cell morphology and bacterial antioxidant enzyme synthesis was distinctly down-regulated, suggesting that cell integrity was destroyed, leading to endotoxin release into the solution. Additionally, endotoxin synthesis in the cells was suppressed. The endotoxin in the solution was effectively removed by ·OH, 1O2, and O2·-generated by the DBD plasma, with second-order reaction rates of 2.69 × 1010, 2.20 × 107, and 8.60 × 108 mol-1 L s-1, respectively. The core toxic component of endotoxin (lipid A) was attacked by these strong oxidative species, generating smaller molecular fragments with low toxicity. Consequently, the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-β, and TNF-α of endotoxin decreased by 3.4-4.8 folds after the DBD plasma treatment, implying that the health risks posed by endotoxin were greatly reduced. This study revealed the intrinsic mechanisms of the highly efficient removal of bacterial endotoxin by DBD plasma oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - He Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Liu Y, Li H, Wang R, Hu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Qu G, Wang T, Jia H, Zhu L. Underlying mechanisms of promoted formation of haloacetic acids disinfection byproducts after indometacin degradation by non-thermal discharge plasma. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118701. [PMID: 35667169 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indometacin (IDM), as a kind of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, has ecological and health risks, which is the potential precursor of chlorination disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Non-thermal discharge plasma was attempted to eliminate IDM and control subsequent DBPs formation. Satisfactory removal performance for IDM was realized by the plasma oxidation; almost 100% of IDM was removed within 2 min. Relatively greater removal efficiency was gained at a higher plasma voltage and a lower pH level. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer revealed that reactive species ·OH, O2·-, and 1O2 were responsible for IDM decomposition. Based on analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, attacks of reactive species resulted in sequence breakages in functional groups of IDM, leading to production of small molecular alcohols, acids, and amines. Possible decomposition pathways of IDM were proposed. The produced acetamide and 1H-indol-5-ol were important precursors of DBPs. Formation and toxicity of nitrogen-containing DBPs were dramatically inhibited after IDM degradation; however, those of haloacetic acids were strengthened. The relevant roadmaps among DBPs and degradation intermediates were figured out. This study revealed the underlying mechanisms of IDM degradation by discharge plasma and its potential risks in chlorination disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hu Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruigang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qian Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Chengde Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Drinking Water Safety Testing Technology Innovation Center, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Wang R, Zhou J, Qu G, Wang T, Jia H, Zhu L. FT-ICR/MS deciphers formation of unknown macromolecular disinfection byproducts from algal organic matters after plasma oxidation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118492. [PMID: 35489152 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algal organic matter (AOM) is a potential precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water treatment. It is a major challenge to identify macromolecular DBPs due to the diversity of AOM. In this study, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR/MS) was applied to diagnose the AOM diversity after algae removal by plasma oxidation and to recognize the macromolecular DBPs in subsequent chlorination. Significant removal of AOM released by M. aeruginosa, C. raciborskii, and A. spiroies was achieved by plasma oxidation, accompanied by decrease in the proportion of CHNO formulas and increase in CHO formulas. Without plasma treatment, chlorination generated approximately 2486 macromolecular carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs) and 1984 nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs), with C11HnOmClx and C18HnNmOzClx as the most abundant DBPs. The numbers of C-DBPs and N-DBPs decreased by 63.3% and 62.9%, respectively, if plasma treatment was applied prior to chlorination. Network computational analysis revealed that Cl substitution was the main formation pathway of AOM-derived DBP formation rather than HOCl addition. The precursors of macromolecular DBPs contained a characteristic atomic number of C and O (7 ≤ C ≤ 18; 3 ≤ O ≤ 11). This study firstly disclosed the relationship between AOM diversity and novel macromolecular DBPs during algae-laden water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruigang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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