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Tang J, Hu Z, Pu Y, Wang XC, Abomohra A. Bioprocesses for lactic acid production from organic wastes toward industrialization-a critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 369:122372. [PMID: 39241596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) is a crucial chemical which has been widely used for industrial application. Microbial fermentation is the dominant pathway for LA production and has been regarded as the promising technology. In recent years, many studies on LA production from various organic wastes have been published, which provided alternative ways to reduce the LA production cost, and further recycle organic wastes. However, few researchers focused on industrial application of this technology due to the knowledge gap and some uncertainties. In this review, the recent advances, basic knowledge and limitations of LA fermentation from organic wastes are discussed, the challenges and suitable envisaged solutions for enhancing LA yield and productivity are provided to realize industrial application of this technology, and also some perspectives are given to further valorize the LA fermentation processes from organic wastes. This review can be a useful guidance for industrial LA production from organic wastes on a sustainable view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Zongkun Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yunhui Pu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Abdelfatah Abomohra
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
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Demmelmayer P, Ćosić M, Kienberger M. Mineral Acid Co-Extraction in Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid Using a Thymol-Menthol Deep Eutectic Solvent as a Green Modifier. Molecules 2024; 29:1722. [PMID: 38675542 PMCID: PMC11052331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carboxylic acids can be isolated from fermentation broths using reactive liquid-liquid extraction, offering an alternative to the environmentally harmful state-of-the-art process of precipitating calcium lactate. To enhance the sustainability of liquid-liquid extraction processes, greener solvents, such as natural deep eutectic solvents, are investigated. However, fermentation broths often exhibit pH values unsuitable for carboxylic acid extraction, which can be adjusted using mineral acids, though mineral acids may be co-extracted. In this study, we systematically examine the co-extraction of hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acid during extraction and back-extraction of lactic acid. The solvent phase consisted of tri-n-octylamine, trioctylphosphine oxide, or tributyl phosphate diluted in a thymol-menthol deep eutectic solvent. The back-extraction was conducted using a diluent swing with p-cymene as the antisolvent and water as the receiving phase. Tri-n-octylamine showed the highest efficiency for lactic acid (up to 29.8%) but also the highest co-extraction of mineral acids (up to 50.9%). In contrast, trioctylphosphine oxide exhibited a lower but more selective lactic acid extraction (5.94%) with low mineral acids co-extraction (0.135%). Overall, the highest co-extraction was observed for phosphoric acid and the lowest for nitric acid. In conclusion, the selected solvent phase composition and mineral acid influence the co-extraction and, thus, final product purity. The successful application of the natural deep eutectic solvent as the modifier enhances the sustainability of liquid-liquid extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marlene Kienberger
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria; (P.D.); (M.Ć.)
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Saur KM, Kiefel R, Niehoff PJ, Hofstede J, Ernst P, Brockkötter J, Gätgens J, Viell J, Noack S, Wierckx N, Büchs J, Jupke A. Holistic Approach to Process Design and Scale-Up for Itaconic Acid Production from Crude Substrates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:723. [PMID: 37370654 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-based bulk chemicals such as carboxylic acids continue to struggle to compete with their fossil counterparts on an economic basis. One possibility to improve the economic feasibility is the use of crude substrates in biorefineries. However, impurities in these substrates pose challenges in fermentation and purification, requiring interdisciplinary research. This work demonstrates a holistic approach to biorefinery process development, using itaconic acid production on thick juice based on sugar beets with Ustilago sp. as an example. A conceptual process design with data from artificially prepared solutions and literature data from fermentation on glucose guides the simultaneous development of the upstream and downstream processes up to a 100 L scale. Techno-economic analysis reveals substrate consumption as the main constituent of production costs and therefore, the product yield is the driver of process economics. Aligning pH-adjusting agents in the fermentation and the downstream process is a central lever for product recovery. Experiments show that fermentation can be transferred from glucose to thick juice by changing the feeding profile. In downstream processing, an additional decolorization step is necessary to remove impurities accompanying the crude substrate. Moreover, we observe an increased use of pH-adjusting agents compared to process simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Maria Saur
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Kiefel
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul-Joachim Niehoff
- Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jordy Hofstede
- Process Systems Engineering (AVT.SVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ernst
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Brockkötter
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochem Gätgens
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörn Viell
- Process Systems Engineering (AVT.SVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Noack
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Blaga AC, Dragoi EN, Tucaliuc A, Kloetzer L, Cascaval D. Folic Acid Ionic-Liquids-Based Separation: Extraction and Modelling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083339. [PMID: 37110572 PMCID: PMC10144844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (vitamin B9) is an essential micronutrient for human health. It can be obtained using different biological pathways as a competitive option for chemical synthesis, but the price of its separation is the key obstacle preventing the implementation of biological methods on a broad scale. Published studies have confirmed that ionic liquids can be used to separate organic compounds. In this article, we investigated folic acid separation by analyzing 5 ionic liquids (CYPHOS IL103, CYPHOS IL104, [HMIM][PF6], [BMIM][PF6], [OMIM][PF6]) and 3 organic solvents (heptane, chloroform, and octanol) as the extraction medium. The best obtained results indicated that ionic liquids are potentially valuable for the recovery of vitamin B9 from diluted aqueous solutions as fermentation broths; the efficiency of the process reached 99.56% for 120 g/L CYPHOS IL103 dissolved in heptane and pH 4 of the aqueous folic acid solution. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were combined with Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) for modelling the process, considering its characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cristina Blaga
- "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Niculina Dragoi
- "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Tucaliuc
- "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lenuta Kloetzer
- "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan Cascaval
- "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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Thymol-menthol-based deep eutectic solvent as a modifier in reactive liquid-liquid extraction of carboxylic acids from pretreated sweet sorghum silage press juice. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Almhofer L, Paulik C, Bammer D, Schlackl K, Bischof RH. Contaminations Impairing an Acetic Acid Biorefinery: Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Lipophilic Wood Extractives with Fully Recyclable Extractants. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yankov D. Fermentative Lactic Acid Production From Lignocellulosic Feedstocks: From Source to Purified Product. Front Chem 2022; 10:823005. [PMID: 35308791 PMCID: PMC8931288 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.823005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The second (lignocellulosic biomass and industrial wastes) and third (algal biomass) generation feedstocks gained substantial interest as a source of various value-added chemicals, produced by fermentation. Lactic acid is a valuable platform chemical with both traditional and newer applications in many industries. The successful fractionation, separation, and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass result in sugars' rich raw material for lactic acid fermentation. This review paper aims to summarize the investigations and progress in the last 5 years in lactic acid production from inexpensive and renewable resources. Different aspects are discussed-the type of raw materials, pretreatment and detoxification methods, lactic acid-producers (bacteria, fungi, and yeasts), use of genetically manipulated microorganisms, separation techniques, different approaches of process organization, as well as main challenges, and possible solutions for process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragomir Yankov
- Chemical and Biochemical Reactors Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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