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Sexual Fantasies across Gender and Sexual Orientation in Young Adults: A Multiple Correspondence Analysis. SEXES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes2040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in the content of sexual fantasies across gender have been widely documented, while less attention was given to the role of sexual orientation. Previous studies focused on differences in the prevalence of broad themes consisting of sets of contents. The current study aimed to increase the knowledge about sexual fantasies in heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual men and women. A descriptive approach that allows visualizing the patterns of fantasies reported by different groups using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) is presented. A sample of 3136 of young adults, 1754 women (Mage = 22.50, SD = 1.72, range 18–25) and 1382 men (Mage = 22.50, SD = 1.70, range 18–25), completed an online questionnaire assessing the presence of 29 different sexual fantasies. The prevalence of each fantasy among each group is shown. Also, relationships between fantasies and the distribution of groups along the two principal dimensions highlighted by MCA are represented. Heterosexuals women reported fewer fantasies and showed opposite patterns of response compared to heterosexual men. There was a substantial overlapping in the fantasies reported by gay and bisexual men, while responses of lesbian and bisexual women were more differentiated. These results indicate that the content of sexual fantasies varies according to both gender and sexual orientation.
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Schippers EE, Smid WJ, Huckelba AL, Hoogsteder LM, Beekman ATF, Smit JH. Exploratory Factor Analysis of Unusual Sexual Interests. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1615-1631. [PMID: 37057429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unusual sexual interests are largely intercorrelated, yet not much is known about underlying patterns of clusters between various sexual interests. AIM To identify underlying clusters of unusual sexual interests using exploratory factor analysis. METHODS We conducted exploratory factor analysis with self-reported interest in a wide variety of unusual sexual acts for an online, international sample (N = 669; 61% female), and for women and men separately. Factor regression weights were correlated to self-reported sex life satisfaction, sexual outlet, and psychiatric symptoms. OUTCOMES Participants rated the attractiveness of 50 unusual sexual activities, and reported on their sex life satisfaction (Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale), sexual outlet, and symptoms regarding ADHD (Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5), depression, anxiety, and stress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale). RESULTS We identified 5 factors of unusual sexual interests that were largely comparable for women and men: submission/masochism, forbidden sexual activities, dominance/sadism, mysophilia (attraction to dirtiness or soiled things), and fetishism. For women, unusual sexual interests related to more psychiatric symptoms and higher sexual outlet, whereas this relation was less explicit for men. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Different factors of unusual sexual interests may serve different underlying functions or motivations, for instance related to sexual, and emotional regulation. A better understanding of the nature of unusual sexual interests is important to be able to influence sexual interests that are unwanted or cause damage to others. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS Strength of this study include its anonymity, the avoidance of sexual orientation effects, and the possibility to indicate only a slight endorsement toward sexual items. Limitations include the sample's generalizability and the truthfulness of online responding. CONCLUSION Unusual sexual interests could be clustered into 5 factors that were largely comparable for women and men: submission/masochism, forbidden sexual activities, dominance/sadism, mysophilia, and fetishism. Schippers EE, Smid WJ, Huckelba AL, et al. Exploratory Factor Analysis of Unusual Sexual Interests. J Sex Med 2021;18:1615-1631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline E Schippers
- Forensic Care Specialists, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Anna Laura Huckelba
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Aartjan T F Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry, and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan H Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Campo-Arias A, Herazo E, Ceballos-Ospino GA. Review of cases, case series and prevalence studies of zoophilia in the general population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 50:34-38. [PMID: 33648694 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information about the frequency of zoophilic behaviour in the general population is scarce. OBJECTIVE To review cases, case series and prevalence studies of zoophilia in adults in the general population. METHODS A review of publications was carried out in MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus and the Biblioteca Virtual en Salud [Virtual Health Library] ranging from January 2000 to December 2017. RESULTS Thirteen papers were reviewed (ten case reports, two case series and one cross-sectional study). Twelve patients were described, the case series totalled 1,556 people and the cross-sectional study included 1,015 participants and reported a prevalence of zoophilic behaviour of 2%. CONCLUSIONS Information on the prevalence of zoophilic behaviour in the general population is limited. The Internet will probably be a valuable tool for further investigating these behaviours in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Campo-Arias
- Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia.
| | - Edwin Herazo
- Director, Instituto de Investigación del Comportamiento Humano, Bogotá, Colombia
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Kowalewska E, Gola M, Kraus SW, Lew-Starowicz M. Spotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review of Research on Women. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2025-2043. [PMID: 32943868 PMCID: PMC7478918 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s221540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW World Health Organization recently included compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) to the upcoming 11th edition of International Classification of Diseases (6C72). Despite the potential benefits of this decision (eg, the acceleration of research in the field will allow the development of effective treatments), previous research focused mainly on men, and as a result, we do not have an accurate clinical picture of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among women. Therefore, in this systematic review, we aim to present available knowledge on this topical subject. Literature search was conducted in the guideline of PRISMA methodology. Studies were identified from multiple databases including Academic Search Ultimate, SocINDEX, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Out of a total of 10,531 articles identified and screened, 58 were included in this review. Included studies covered the following topics: prevalence and etiology of CSB, behavioral and cognitive processes involved, comorbidities, personality traits, psychosocial and interpersonal difficulties, traumatic experiences, and treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Available studies indicate that CSB symptom severity is lower in women than in men. Overall, women reported consuming pornography less often than men and exhibit lower rates of feeling urges to these materials. CSB symptoms (including problematic pornography use) have been found to be positively related to trait psychopathy, impulsivity, sensation seeking, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, obsessive-compulsive disorder, pathological buying, sexual dysfunctions, general psychopathology, child sexual abuse, while negatively related to dispositional mindfulness. SUMMARY Conclusions that can be drawn from prior studies are considerably limited. There are no accurate estimates of the CSB prevalence or severity among women, and studies have been mostly conducted on non-clinical populations, which has limited application for women diagnosed with CSBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kowalewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Gola
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computations, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shane W Kraus
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Michal Lew-Starowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Birkás B, Meskó N, Zsidó AN, Ipolyi D, Láng A. Providing Sexual Companionship for Resources: Development, Validation, and Personality Correlates of the Acceptance of Sugar Relationships in Young Women and Men Scale (ASR-YWMS). Front Psychol 2020; 11:1135. [PMID: 32581952 PMCID: PMC7285874 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A sugar relationship is a transactional sexual relationship in which a younger partner (sugar baby/boy) offers companionship and sexual services to a much older partner (sugar daddy/mommy) in return for material compensation. One aim of the present study was to develop an attitude scale assessing young women's and men's acceptance of sugar relationships. Another aim was to explore the possible associations of the acceptance of sugar relationships with psychological functioning in an intimate partner relationship and in a sexual relationship and with certain socially undesirable personality traits. Two online studies were conducted with a total number of 2052 participants (1879 women; age = 18-28 years). The results show that the Acceptance of Sugar Relationships in Young Women and Men Scale (ASR-YWMS) is a reliable and valid measure of young people's attitude toward sugar relationships. The studies revealed that young women's and men's accepting attitude toward sugar relationships was positively associated with unrestricted sociosexuality, a game-playing love style (Ludus), self-focused sexual motivation (Study 1; N = 319; 272 women and 47 men), and with socially undesirable traits such as Machiavellianism, subclinical psychopathy, and a borderline personality organization (Study 2; N = 1733; 1607 women and 126 men). These findings suggest that a relatively high level of acceptance of sugar relationships is part of a mating strategy focused on opportunities of maximizing resources. This utilitarian, risk-taking and exploitative attitude is characteristic to a fast life history strategy, and it is a fundamental organizing principle of psychological and sexual functioning in intimate partner relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Birkás
- Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Norbert Meskó
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Dóra Ipolyi
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Láng
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Mead D, Sharpe M. Aligning the "Manifesto for a European Research Network into Problematic Usage of the Internet " with the Diverse Needs of the Professional and Consumer Communities Affected by Problematic Usage of Pornography. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3462. [PMID: 32429206 PMCID: PMC7277927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Manifesto for a European research network into Problematic Usage of the Internet was published in May 2018. It was written from the perspective of the COST Action Network, a programme of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology CA16207 and is expected to have significant influence on research funding priorities over the next decade. The Manifesto identified nine key research priorities to advance understanding in the field. Our analysis shows that while at the most general level it identified problematic usage of pornography (PUP) as a key research priority, it then barely mentioned it again within the body of the report. This paper uses the Manifesto's framework to suggest research areas into the problematic usage of pornography which are of particular relevance to clinicians and other professionals working in the field who want to develop approaches to assist individuals and target groups affected by PUP. It also looks at potential research opportunities inspired by the lived-experience of users withdrawing from PUP. A large number of opportunities are identified for new work on PUP across all nine key research areas of the Manifesto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Mead
- The Reward Foundation, The Melting Pot, Edinburgh EH2 2PR, UK;
- Digital Humanities, Information Studies, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mary Sharpe
- The Reward Foundation, The Melting Pot, Edinburgh EH2 2PR, UK;
- Lucy Cavendish College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0BU, UK
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Wéry A, Schimmenti A, Karila L, Billieux J. Where the Mind Cannot Dare: A Case of Addictive Use of Online Pornography and Its Relationship With Childhood Trauma. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2018; 45:114-127. [PMID: 30015567 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2018.1488324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional use of cybersex has often been conceptualized as a "behavioral addiction" sharing common traits with substance addiction. We describe the case of a treatment-seeking man, who displayed addictive use of pornography. The case is presented from two perspectives: (1) a symptom-based approach inspired by the addiction model of excessive sexual behaviors and (2) a process-based approach aimed to identify the psychological processes and risk factors that may foster the development of addiction-like symptoms. This article shows how case conceptualization according to a process-based approach is likely to result in psychological intervention that targets the specific processes and risk factors involved in addictive cybersex use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Wéry
- a Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- b Faculty of Human and Social Sciences , UKE-Kore of Enna , Enna , Italy
| | - Laurent Karila
- c Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, Paris Sud-11 University , Villejuif , France
| | - Joel Billieux
- a Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
- d Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab , Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg , Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg
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Intergenerational incest aversion: self-reported sexual arousal and disgust to hypothetical sexual contact with family members. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Castro-Calvo J, Ballester-Arnal R, Billieux J, Gil-Juliá B, Gil-Llario MD. Spanish validation of the Sexual Addiction Screening Test. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:584-600. [PMID: 30273048 PMCID: PMC6426369 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sexual addiction is a pathological behavior characterized by a combination of excessive sexual desire and impaired ability to control it. Its incidence ranges between 1.2% and 32.2%, although this number may vary depending on the screening tool used. This wide variability is largely due to the use of non-validated instruments (e.g., structural validity relying on exploratory analyses, instruments translated without an additional validation process, or instruments validated in another format). To deal with these limitations, this study tested the psychometric properties of the Spanish paper-and-pencil and online versions of the Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST). METHODS A total of 2,528 participants (1,163 males) completed the Spanish version of the SAST, along with other instruments assessing sexual compulsivity (1,585 = paper-and-pencil, 943 = online). RESULTS The exploratory factor analysis yielded a four-factor structure explaining 57.39% of the variance for the SAST paper-and-pencil version. This factor structure was then verified for the online version through the use of confirmatory factor analysis [χ2(264) = 441.59; χ2/df = 1.66; RMSEA = 0.02; CFI = 0.94; IFI = 0.94]. This methodology was also used to support measurement invariance (configural, metric, and scalar invariance) according to gender. The reliability of the total score ranged from .82 to .85. Similarly, correlations with related scales were positive and significant (r between .22 and .71). Temporal stability 1 year after the first application was 0.65 (paper-and-pencil format) and 0.60 (online version). CONCLUSION These results, together with the absence of questionnaires translated into Spanish to assess this construct, justify the use of the SAST in the evaluation of sexual addiction in Spanish-speaking countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Castro-Calvo
- Salusex-Unisexsida, Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rafael Ballester-Arnal
- Salusex-Unisexsida, Departamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Joel Billieux
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab, Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Beatriz Gil-Juliá
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universitat de València, Estudi General, Spain
| | - María Dolores Gil-Llario
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universitat de València, Estudi General, Spain
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Eleuteri S, Saladino V, Verrastro V. Identity, relationships, sexuality, and risky behaviors of adolescents in the context of social media. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2017.1397953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Eleuteri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Saladino
- Department of Humanities, Social, and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Valeria Verrastro
- Department of Humanities, Social, and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
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Shaughnessy K, Fudge M, Byers ES. An exploration of prevalence, variety, and frequency data to quantify online sexual activity experience. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SEXUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3138/cjhs.261-a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
People use the Internet for a wide range of online sexual activities (OSA): behaviours that involve sexual content, topics, and stimuli. Yet, current OSA summary statistics provide little perspective on patterns of OSA experience because researchers have not compared multiple indicators of experience within the same sample. We explored the prevalence, variety, and frequency of young men and women's experience with three OSA subtypes: non-arousal (e.g., accessing sexual health information), solitary-arousal (e.g., viewing pornography), and partnered-arousal (e.g., sending sexually explicit messages). We examined patterns in experience with specific OSAs, subtypes of OSAs, OSAs overall, and differences related to gender across the lifetime and recently. Young adults (N=239) at a Canadian University completed a survey that included a new measure of 48 specific OSAs, representing the three subtypes. All participants reported at least one OSA experience in their lifetime (ranging 1–38). Although the prevalence and variety of experience was greater across the lifetime than recently, this difference was small and the pattern of results remained the same. Frequency of experience appeared greater for specific OSAs compared to OSA subtypes or overall. Frequency of specific OSAs were greater for the subgroup of participants who had engaged in the activity recently compared to the full sample. Significantly more men than women reported solitary-arousal OSA, and men reported greater variety and frequency of this subtype. This gender difference in prevalence and frequency only held for viewing sexually explicit pictures and videos online. We discuss implications for sexual scripts, researchers, clinicians, and educators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miranda Fudge
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB
| | - E. Sandra Byers
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB
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Abstract
Whereas women of all ages prefer slightly older sexual partners, men-regardless of their age-have a preference for women in their 20s. Earlier research has suggested that this difference between the sexes' age preferences is resolved according to women's preferences. This research has not, however, sufficiently considered that the age range of considered partners might change over the life span. Here we investigated the age limits (youngest and oldest) of considered and actual sex partners in a population-based sample of 2,655 adults (aged 18-50 years). Over the investigated age span, women reported a narrower age range than men and women tended to prefer slightly older men. We also show that men's age range widens as they get older: While they continue to consider sex with young women, men also consider sex with women their own age or older. Contrary to earlier suggestions, men's sexual activity thus reflects also their own age range, although their potential interest in younger women is not likely converted into sexual activity. Compared to homosexual men, bisexual and heterosexual men were more unlikely to convert young preferences into actual behavior, supporting female-choice theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Antfolk
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Castro-Calvo J, Ballester-Arnal R, Gil-Llario MD, Giménez-García C. Common etiological pathways between toxic substance use, Internet and cybersex addiction: The role of expectancies and antisocial deviance proneness. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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