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Mu C, Vakharia VN, Zhou Y, Jiang N, Liu W, Meng Y, Li Y, Xue M, Zhang J, Zeng L, Zhong Q, Fan Y. A Novel Subunit Vaccine Based on Outer Capsid Proteins of Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Provides Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection in Rare Minnow ( Gobiocypris rarus). Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110945. [PMID: 33202780 PMCID: PMC7697209 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The grass carp hemorrhagic disease, caused by the grass carp reovirus (GCRV), has resulted in severe economic losses in the aquaculture industry in China. VP4 and VP35 are outer capsid proteins of GCRV and can induce an immune response in the host. Here, three recombinant baculoviruses, AcMNPV-VP35, AcMNPV-VP4, and AcMNPV-VP35-VP4, were generated to express recombinant VP4 and VP35 proteins from GCRV type II in insect cells by using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system to create a novel subunit vaccine. The expression of recombinant VP35, VP4, and VP35-VP4 proteins in Sf-9 cells were confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Recombinant VP35, VP4, and VP35-VP4 were purified from baculovirus-infected cell lysates and injected intraperitoneally (3 μg/fish) into the model rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus. After 21 days, the immunized fish were challenged with virulent GCRV. Liver, spleen, and kidney samples were collected at different time intervals to evaluate the protective efficacy of the subunit vaccines. The mRNA expression levels of some immune-related genes detected by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were significantly upregulated in the liver, spleen, and kidney, with higher expression levels in the VP35-VP4 group. The nonvaccinated fish group showed 100% mortality, whereas the VP35-VP4, VP4, and VP35 groups exhibited 67%, 60%, and 33% survival, respectively. In conclusion, our results revealed that recombinant VP35 and VP4 can induce immunity and protect against GCRV infection, with their combined use providing the best effect. Therefore, VP35 and VP4 proteins can be used as a novel subunit vaccine against GCRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Mu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Vikram N. Vakharia
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yiqun Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jieming Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qiwang Zhong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (W.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.L.); (M.X.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (Y.F.)
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