MiR-30b-5p modulates glioma cell proliferation by direct targeting MTDH

Analysis of different expression RNA binding protein genes in mouse microglia cell from the brains of mice 72 h after subarachnoid hemorrhage or sham operation

BACKGROUND

The prognosis of brain injury caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is poor. Previous studies showed that abnormal function of RBPs might be involved in brain injury, neuroinflammation and further affect microglia homeostasis. However, no studies have systematically analyzed the genome-wide abnormal expression of RBPs genes in microglia during SAH.

METHODS

RNA-seq data of microglia from the SAH mouse group (SAH) and control sham-operated mouse group (sham) were downloaded from the GEO database in GSE167957, including four samples from the sham group and four samples from the SAH group for subsequent analysis.Utilizing GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses, we conducted a comprehensive study of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), alternative splicing patterns, and co-expression networks to gain deeper insights into the differential expression of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and differential alternative splicing events (ASEs) between the SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage) and sham groups. This analysis aimed to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the aberrant expression of RBPs in microglia during brain injury caused by SAH.

RESULTS

ASEs and co-expression analyses of differentially expressed RBPs and differential ASEs were carried out in microglia in terms of gene expression. GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis showed that aberrantly expressed RBPs such as Mcm7, Mtdh, SRSF3, and Hnrnpa2b1 may affect and regulate downstream Csnk1d, Uckl1 and other protein phosphorylation-related genes by alterative splicing.

CONCLUSION

RBPs were aberrantly expressed in microglia during the development of brain injury secondary to SAH, regulating alterative splicing of downstream genes and influencing the progression of SAH brain injury in this study. This implies that RBPs are important for the identification of new therapeutic targets for brain injury after SAH.

Impaired myelin ultrastructure is reversed by citalopram treatment in a mouse model for major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common and widespread mental disorder. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line treatment for MDD. The relation between the inhibition of serotonin reuptake in the central nervous system and remission from MDD remains controversial, as reuptake inhibition occurs rapidly, but remission from MDD takes weeks to months. Myelination-related deficits and white matter abnormalities were shown to be involved in psychiatric disorders such as MDD. This may explain the delay in remission following SSRI administration. The raphe nuclei (RN), located in the brain stem, consist of clusters of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons that project to almost all regions of the brain. Thus, the RN are an intriguing area for research of the potential effect of SSRI on myelination, and their involvement in MDD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many biological features that might be altered by antidepressants. Two cohorts of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) mouse model for depression underwent behavioral tests for evaluating stress, anxiety, and depression levels. Following application of the CUS protocol and treatment with the SSRI, citalopram, 48 mice of the second cohort were tested via magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging for differences in brain white matter tracts. RN and superior colliculus were excised from both cohorts and measured for changes in miRNAs, mRNA, and protein levels of candidate genes. Using MRI-DTI scans we found lower fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity in brains of stressed mice. Moreover, both miR-30b-5p and miR-101a-3p were found to be downregulated in the RN following CUS, and upregulated following CUS and citalopram treatment. The direct binding of these miRNAs to Qki, and the subsequent effects on mRNA and protein levels of myelin basic protein (Mbp), indicated involvement of these miRNAs in myelination ultrastructure processes in the RN, in response to CUS followed by SSRI treatment. We suggest that SSRIs are implicated in repairing myelin deficits resulting from chronic stress that leads to depression.

Development of a novel angiogenesis-related lncRNA signature to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme

Background

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can regulate tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, proliferation, and other tumor biological behaviors, and is closely related to the growth and progression of glioma. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of angiogenesis-related lncRNA in the prognosis and immunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Methods

Differential analysis was carried out to acquire angiogenesis-related differentially expressed lncRNAs (AR-DElncRNAs). The AR-DElncRNAs were then subjected to univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses to construct a prognostic model. Based on the median risk score, patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to estimate the prognostic value of the prognostic model. In addition, a nomogram was built to predict individual survival probabilities by combining clinicopathological characteristics and a prognostic model. Furthermore, immune infiltration, immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity analyses were administered to investigate the differences between the high- and low-risk groups.

Results

We identified 3 lncRNAs (DGCR5, PRKAG2-AS1, and ACAP2-IT1) that were significantly associated with the survival of GBM patients from the 255 AR-DElncRNAs based on univariate Cox and LASSO analyses. Then, a prognostic model was structured according to these 3 lncRNAs, from which we found that high-risk GBM patients had a worse prognosis than that of low-risk patients. Moreover, the risk score was determined to be an independent prognostic factor [hazard ratio (HR) =1.444; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.014-2.057; P<0.05]. The immune microenvironment analysis revealed that the immune score, stromal score, and Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) score were significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. Neutrophils, macrophages, immature dendritic cells (iDCs), natural killer (NK) CD56dim cells, activated DCs (aDCs), and uncharacterized cells were different in the high- and low-risk groups. In addition, the high-risk group had a stronger sensitivity to immunotherapy. Furthermore, the sensitivity of 28 potential chemotherapeutic drugs differed significantly between the high- and low-risk groups.

Conclusions

A novel angiogenesis-related lncRNA signature could be used to predict the prognosis and treatment of GBM.

Knockdown MTDH Inhibits Glioma Proliferation and Migration and Promotes Apoptosis by Downregulating MYBL2

Glioma is a malignant tumor that often occurs in the adult central nervous system. Metadherin/astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (MTDH) is involved in the development of cancer, but its relationship with glioma remains unclear. This study is aimed at clarifying the role of MTDH in glioma. GEPIA was employed to find the difference of the expression level of MTDH and MYB protooncogene-like 2 (MYBL2) in glioma tissues and normal tissues, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) were applied to verify the differential gene expression of MTDH and MYBL2 cells. After knocking down of MTDH, the expressions of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), MTDH, and MYBL2 were detected by WB cells. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was applied to measure cell apoptosis. The transwell assay was utilized to investigate the ability of cell migration and invasion. The results showed that MTDH and MYBL2 were overexpressed in glioma cells compared with normal cells. The knockdown of MTDH would inhibit the expression of MYBL2 through decreasing the expression of FoxM1 and further reduce glioma cell proliferation and cell migration and invasion. The present study showed that knockdown of MTDH inhibits glioma proliferation and migration and promotes apoptosis by downregulating MYBL2, which suggests that MTDH is a potential gene in clinical treatment of glioma.

Hypoxic pancreatic cancer derived exosomal miR-30b-5p promotes tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting GJA1 expression

Purpose: Most patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have vascular invasion and metastasis, leading to low surgical resection rate and dismal prognosis. Tumor angiogenesis is related to vascular invasion and metastasis. However, anti-angiogenesis therapeutic effects in PDAC are limited. Therefore, it is imperative to explore molecular mechanism of angiogenesis in PDAC. Experimental Design: scRNA-seq data were utilized to delineatetranscriptional profiles of endothelial cells in PDAC. The in vitro and vivo angiogenesis models were used to explore the role of PDAC derived exosomes under hypoxic condition in tumor angiogenesis. Results: Endothelial cells in PDAC had distinct gene expression profiles compared with normal pancreas. The marker genes of endothelial cells in PDAC were enriched for hypoxia and angiogenesis. MiR-30b-5p were significantly enriched in hypoxic PDAC cells derived exosomes, which could be transferred to HUVEC, resulting in the upregulation of miR-30b-5p. Hypoxic PDAC cells derived exosomes could promote tube formation and endothelial cells migration via miR-30b-5p mediated downregulation of gap junction protein GJA1. Moreover, hypoxic PDAC cells derived exosomes increased new microvascular density in vivo. Patients with PDAC had higher levels of total miR-30b-5p and exosomal miR-30b-5p in peripheral blood plasma than healthy subjects. In addition, there were significant correlations for the levels of total miR-30b-5p or exosomal miR-30b-5p between peripheral blood plasma and portal vein plasma. Conclusions: Hypoxic PDAC cells derived exosomal miR-30b-5p promoted angiogenesis by inhibiting GJA1, and miR-30b-5p was a potential diagnostic marker for PDAC.

MicroRNA-30b-5p promotes the proliferation and migration of human airway smooth muscle cells induced by platelet-derived growth factor by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten

Dysfunction of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells is crucial in asthma pathogenesis. Here, microRNA-30b-5p (miR-30b-5p)’s function and mechanism in ASM cells’ multiplication and migration were investigated. Microarray was utilized for identifying the differentially expressed miRNAs in the bronchial epithelial cells of the asthma patients and healthy controls. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was employed to treat ASM cells to establish an in-vitro asthma model. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted for detecting the expressions of miR-30b-5p and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 5-bromo-2ʹ-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assays were used for examining cell multiplication; Transwell assay was performed for detecting cell migration; cell cycle was analyzed through flow cytometry. The targeted relationship between PTEN and miR-30b-5p was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blot was used for detecting the expressions of phosphorylated (p)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), PTEN, PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT) and p-AKT in ASM cells. We demonstrated that, miR-30b-5p expression in the bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatic patients was up-regulated. It was also increased in PDGF-stimulated ASM cells. Transfection of miR-30b-5p mimics facilitated ASM cells’ multiplication, migration and cycle progression, while inhibiting miR-30b-5p had the opposite effect. Furthermore, miR-30b-5p could target PTEN to repress PTEN expression. PTEN overexpression attenuated the effect of miR-30b-5p on ASM cells. Moreover, miR-30b-5p overexpression facilitated the expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT in PDGF-stimulated ASM cells. Collectively, miR-30b-5p activates the PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting PTEN to facilitate PDGF-induced dysfunction of ASM cells.

Roles and regulatory mechanisms of miR-30b in cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders (Review)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs 21-23 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression, and thereby modulate signaling pathways and protein synthesis in both physiological and pathogenic processes. miR-30b inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in multiple types of cancer. In addition to its role in several types of neoplasias, miR-30b has been shown to exhibit essential roles in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In the present review, an overview of the biological functions of miR-30b and its role in the pathogenesis of neoplastic, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is provided. miR-30b is a potential candidate for clinical development as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, therapeutic agent and drug target. However, further research is required to elucidate its role in health and disease and to harness its potential clinical utility.

Chi-miR-30b-5p inhibits dermal papilla cells proliferation by targeting CaMKIIδ gene in cashmere goat

Background

During goat embryonic morphogenesis and postnatal initiation of hair follicle (HF) regeneration, dermal papilla (DP) cells play a vital role in hair formation. Growing evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in HF development and DP cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated.

Result

In this study, we utilized miRNA sequencing (miRNA-Seq) to identify differentially expressed miRNAs at different HF cycling stages (anagen and telogen). MiRNA-Seq has identified 411 annotated miRNAs and 130 novel miRNAs in which 29 miRNAs were up-regulated and 32 miRNAs were down-regulated in the anagen phase compared to the telogen phase. Target gene prediction and functional enrichment analysis indicated some major biological pathways related to hair cycling, such as Wnt signaling pathways, ECM-receptor interaction, VEGF signaling pathway, biosynthesis of amino acids, metabolic pathways, ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation. Also, we explored the function of chi-miR-30b-5p in regulating hair growth cycle. Similar to the HF cycling, DP cells were isolated from skin and used to investigate miRNA functions. The MTT and EdU assays showed that the viability and proliferation of DP cells were inhibited or promoted after the transfection of chi-miR-30b-5p mimic or inhibitor, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed CaMKIIδ as a candidate target gene of chi-miR-30b-5p, and the dual-luciferase and western blot assay demonstrated that chi-miR-30b-5p bound to the 3’UTR of CaMKIIδ and further inhibited its translation.

Conclusion

Chi-miR-30b-5p was found to be highly expressed in the telogen than that in the anagen phase and could inhibit the proliferation of DP cells by targeting CaMKIIδ. Our study provides new information on the regulatory functions of miRNAs during HF development.

Long non‑coding RNA FLVCR1‑AS1 promotes glioma cell proliferation and invasion by negatively regulating miR‑30b‑3p

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults that originates from glial cells. The prognosis of patients with high‑grade glioma is poor. It is therefore crucial to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as potential inducers or suppressors of tumor progression. Previous studies have indicated that the lncRNA Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Cellular Receptor 1 Antisense RNA 1 (FLVCR1‑AS1) is involved in the development and progression of gastric and lung cancer, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma; however, the biological effect of FLVCR1‑AS1 in glioma is not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate how FLVCR1‑AS1 modulates cell proliferation and invasion in glioma. FLVCR1‑AS1 expression was significantly upregulated in GBM tissues compared with adjacent normal brain samples, and was higher in GBM cell lines compared with normal human astrocyte cells. Furthermore, the microRNA (miR)‑30b‑3p was revealed to be a putative target of FLVCR1‑AS1, and the suppressive effects of miR‑30b‑3p on cellular proliferation and invasion were reversed following FLVCR1‑AS1‑knockdown. The results from Cell Counting Kit‑8 and Transwell assays confirmed that FLVCR1‑AS1‑knockdown inhibited GBM cell proliferation and invasion ability. In addition, FLVCR1‑AS1 was found to directly interact with miR‑30b‑3p, and a rescue experiment further established that FLVCR1‑AS1 contributed to glioma progression by inhibiting miR‑30b‑3p. The results from the present study demonstrated that FLVCR1‑AS1 may serve an oncogenic role in GBM and promote disease progression by interacting with miR‑30b‑3p. These findings suggested that FLVCR1‑AS1 may be considered as a novel therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker for GBM.

miR-30b protects nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons from MPP(+)-induced neurotoxicity via SNCA

OBJECTIVE

To explore the function of miR-30b in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its underlying molecular mechanism.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPP(+)) as a tool for constructing the PD cell model, using miR-30b mimics or inhibitors to manipulate miR-30b level for an experimental model of acquisition. The cell viability of SH-SY5Y was detected by CCK, and luciferase was used to screen the binding of target genes. The protein levels of SNCA were measured by Western blot. Then, we investigate the changes in pro- and anti-apoptotic markers with or without miR-30b treatment.

RESULTS

There was a significant low expression of MiR-30b in MPP(+)-induced cells. SH-SY5Y cell viability was rescued by MiR-30b overexpression. Luciferase experiments showed that MiR-30b may bind to the 3'-UTR side of SNCA and inhibited its expression. By Western blot, the SNCA level was markedly decreased by miR-30b. miR-30b attenuated the upregulation of Bax and the depletion of Bcl-2 induced by MPP(+).

miR-503 Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, And Angiogenesis Of Glioma By Acting On VEGFA Through Targeting LRIG2

Background

Glioma is a common malignant tumor of the human central nervous system, and the pathological characteristics include invasive growth, angiogenesis, and so on. Ectopic expression of miR-503 works as a critical factor in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and capillary-like tube formation. The potential mechanisms of miR-503 in angiogenesis of glioma cells are still not reported.

Methods

The expression levels of miR-503, LRIG2, and VEGFA mRNA and protein were performed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR or Western blot assay. Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the interaction between miR-503 and LRIG2. The concentration of VEGFA was measured using the ELISA method. The cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of cocultured HCMEC/D3 cells were analyzed by MTT assay, transwell detection, and tube formation assay, respectively.

Results

The expression levels of LRIG2 and VEGFA were reduced in glioma cells with miR-503 overexpression and enhanced with miR-503 inhibition. Moreover, cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of cocultured HCMEC/D3 cells were alleviated with miR-503 mimics transfection. VEGFA and miR-503 inhibitor promoted cell proliferation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that miR-503 could directly target LRIG2. Furthermore, knockdown of LRIG2 or addition of VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab could abrogate the effect of miR-503 inhibitor on VEGFA expression, as well as the promotion of cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.

Conclusion

MiR-503 mediated LRIG2 suppression and regulated the expression of VEGFA, thereby reducing cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of glioma cells. These results provide new insight into the action mechanism of miR-503-modulated signaling pathway in angiogenesis of glioma cells.

miR-30b-5p acts as a tumor suppressor microRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background

To study miR-30b-5p expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by comparisons between tumor tissues and matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues to elucidate the correlation between miR-30b-5p expression and ESCC clinical parameters, and to explore the signaling pathways associated with miR-30b-5p and key target genes.

Methods

Clinical data, cancer tissues, and adjacent non-cancerous tissues of 32 patients diagnosed with ESCC were collected from Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province. The expression levels of miR-30b-5p were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). mRNA data for ESCC tissues and normal tissues, and clinical materials of patients with ESCC were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Associations between miR-30b-5p expression and clinical features of patients with ESCC and overall survival were explored. A bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the pathways and key miR-30b-5p targets associated with ESCC. Additionally, a cytological experiment was performed to evaluate the biological functions of miR-30b-5p. Finally, correlations between miR-30b-5p and key targets involved in PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were validated by western blotting.

Results

The expression level of miR-30b-5p in the 32 ESCC tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.01) and was significantly disparate in the T stage, with higher expression in T1 than in T2 (P<0.05). Among the patients with higher expression levels of miR-30b-5p in ESCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, patients with higher expression of miR-30b-5p had a better prognosis (P<0.05). An analysis of gene chip data from the GEO database showed similar results. A gene enrichment analysis indicated a series of pathways that may be associated with the downregulation of miR-30b-5p, including focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Seven key target genes (PDGFRB, VIM, ITGA5, ACTN1, THBS2, SERPINE1, and RUNX2) were identified; these were found to be upregulated in ESCC tissues and were negatively correlated with miR-30b-5p. Functional experiments showed that miR-30b-5p attenuated migration (P<0.01) and invasion (P<0.05) in the Eca109 cell line. Moreover, the levels of ITGA5, PDGFRB, p-PI3K, and p-AKT, which are involved in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, were decreased in the miR-30b-5p-overexpressing Eca109 cell line.

Conclusions

Upregulated miR-30b-5p may inhibit migration and invasion in ESCC by targeting ITGA5, PDGFRB, and signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, involved in ESCC regulation. Our results indicate that miR-30b-5p plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of ESCC and is a potential therapeutic target.

miR-490-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma by inhibiting high-mobility group AT-hook 2 expression

Glioma is one of the most common types of malignant cancer and the significance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer therapy has been demonstrated. In the current study, miR-490-3p expression was significantly downregulated in glioma tissue and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-490-3p inhibited glioma cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In addition, the high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) was identified as a candidate target gene of miR-490-3p. The current study demonstrated that miR-490-3p mimic could inhibit HMGA2 protein expression in glioma cells. In addition, correlation analysis demonstrated that miR-490-3p and HMGA2 expression was inversely correlated in glioma tissues. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of miR-490-3p mimic on cell proliferation and migration was partially reversed by the overexpression of HMGA2. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-490-3p may have a tumor suppressive role in glioma and therefore miR-490-3p may be a new target for the treatment of glioma.

microRNA-1471 suppresses glioma cell growth and invasion by repressing metadherin expression

microRNA-1471 (miR-1471) is a newly identified miRNA that is downregulated in breast cancer. However, its biological roles in human tumors are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and functions of miR-1471 in glioma. We found miR-1471 expression was significantly reduced in glioma tissues and cell lines. Forced expression of miR-1471 remarkedly suppressed glioma cell proliferation and invasion. Notably, metadherin (MTDH) was validated as a direct target of miR-1471 and the restoration of MTDH expression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-1471 on glioma cell proliferation and invasion. Also, low miR-1471 expression was a predictor for worse 5-year overall survival of glioma patients. Overall, these results reveal the tumor suppressive role of miR-1471 in glioma, highlighting the potential to consider miR-1471/MTDH axis as a therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma in the near future.