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Chen K, Cheong LY, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Feng T, Wang Q, Jin L, Honoré E, Lam KSL, Wang W, Hui X, Xu A. Adipose-targeted triiodothyronine therapy counteracts obesity-related metabolic complications and atherosclerosis with negligible side effects. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7838. [PMID: 36539421 PMCID: PMC9767940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) is a thermogenic activator with anti-obesity potential. However, systemic TH administration has no obvious clinical benefits on weight reduction. Herein we selectively delivered triiodothyronine (T3) to adipose tissues by encapsulating T3 in liposomes modified with an adipose homing peptide (PLT3). Systemic T3 administration failed to promote thermogenesis in brown and white adipose tissues (WAT) due to a feedback suppression of sympathetic innervation. PLT3 therapy effectively obviated this feedback suppression on adrenergic inputs, and potently induced browning and thermogenesis of WAT, leading to alleviation of obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and fatty liver in obese mice. Furthermore, PLT3 was much more effective than systemic T3 therapy in reducing hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. These findings uncover WAT as a viable target mediating the therapeutic benefits of TH and provide a safe and efficient therapeutic strategy for obesity and its complications by delivering TH to adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Dr Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Lai Yee Cheong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Dr Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Tianshi Feng
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qin Wang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leigang Jin
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Honoré
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France
| | - Karen S. L. Lam
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Dr Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Laboratory Block, Pokfulam, Hong Kong China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ju YI, Choi HJ, Sone T. Effects of Korean red ginseng on three-dimensional trabecular bone microarchitecture and strength in growing rats: Comparison with changes due to jump exercise. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267466. [PMID: 35511775 PMCID: PMC9070934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The preventive effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on bone loss and microarchitectural deterioration have been extensively studied in animal models. However, few results have been reported for the effects of KRG on the trabecular microarchitecture as compared to changes resulting from physiological stimuli such as exercise load. We compared the effects of KRG and jump exercise on improvements in trabecular microarchitecture and strength of the distal femoral metaphysis in rats.
Methods and materials
Eleven-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (CON), KRG-administered (KRG), and jump-exercised (JUM) groups. Rats were orally administered KRG extract (200 mg/kg body weight/day) once a day for 6 weeks. The jump exercise protocol comprised 10 jumps/day, 5 days/week at a jump height of 40 cm. We used microcomputed tomography to assess the microarchitecture, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and fracture load as predicted by finite element analysis at the right distal femoral metaphysis. The left femur was used for the quantitative bone histomorphometry measurements.
Results
Although KRG produced significantly higher trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) than CON, BV/TV was even higher in JUM than in KRG, and differences in vBMD and fracture load were only significant between JUM and CON. In terms of trabecular microarchitecture, KRG increased trabecular number and connectivity, whereas the JUM group showed increased trabecular thickness. Bone resorption showed significant decrease by JUM and KRG group. In contrast, bone formation showed significant increase by JUM group.
Conclusions
These data show that KRG has weak but significant positive effects on bone mass and suggest that the effects on trabecular microarchitecture differ from those of jump exercise. The effects of combined KRG and jump exercise on trabecular bone mass and strength should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-In Ju
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hak-Jin Choi
- School of Sport for All, Kyungwoon University, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Teruki Sone
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
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Antiosteoporosis Studies of 20 Medicine Food Homology Plants Containing Quercetin, Rutin, and Kaempferol: TCM Characteristics, In Vivo and In Vitro Activities, Potential Mechanisms, and Food Functions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5902293. [PMID: 35399639 PMCID: PMC8989562 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5902293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary nutraceutical compounds have been evidenced as backbone for bone health in recent years. It is reported that medicine food homology (MFH) plants have multiple nutraceutical compounds. Based on our literature research, 20 MFH plants caught our attention because they contain three popular antiosteoporosis compounds simultaneously: quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), their characteristics including natures, flavors, attributive to meridian tropism, and efficacies were listed. The relationships between TCM efficacies, such as “heat clearing,” “tonic,” and “the interior warming,” and antiosteoporosis pharmacological actions such as antioxidant and immune regulation were discussed. The in vivo antiosteoporosis effects of the 20 MFH plants were summarized. The in vitro antiosteoporosis activities and related mechanisms of the 20 plants and quercetin, rutin, kaempferol were detailed. The TGF-β-Smad signaling, fibroblast growth factor, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling on bone formation and the RANKL signaling, NF-κB signaling, and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor on bone resorption were identified. From food point, these 20 MFH plants could be classified as condiment, vegetable, fruit, tea and related products, beverage, etc. Based on the above discussion, these 20 MFH plants could be used as daily food supplements for the prevention and treatment against osteoporosis.
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Leu Alexa R, Cucuruz A, Ghițulică CD, Voicu G, Stamat (Balahura) LR, Dinescu S, Vlasceanu GM, Stavarache C, Ianchis R, Iovu H, Costache M. 3D Printable Composite Biomaterials Based on GelMA and Hydroxyapatite Powders Doped with Cerium Ions for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031841. [PMID: 35163761 PMCID: PMC8836906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective was to produce 3D printable hydrogels based on GelMA and hydroxyapatite doped with cerium ions with potential application in bone regeneration. The first part of the study regards the substitution of Ca2+ ions from hydroxyapatite structure with cerium ions (Ca10-xCex(PO4)6(OH)2, xCe = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5). The second part followed the selection of the optimal concentration of HAp doped, which will ensure GelMA-based scaffolds with good biocompatibility, viability and cell proliferation. The third part aimed to select the optimal concentrations of GelMA for the 3D printing process (20%, 30% and 35%). In vitro biological assessment presented the highest level of cell viability and proliferation potency of GelMA-HC5 composites, along with a low cytotoxic potential, highlighting the beneficial effects of cerium on cell growth, also supported by Live/Dead results. According to the 3D printing experiments, the 30% GelMA enriched with HC5 was able to generate 3D scaffolds with high structural integrity and homogeneity, showing the highest suitability for the 3D printing process. The osteogenic differentiation experiments confirmed the ability of 30% GelMA-3% HC5 scaffold to support and efficiently maintain the osteogenesis process. Based on the results, 30% GelMA-3% HC5 3D printed scaffolds could be considered as biomaterials with suitable characteristics for application in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Leu Alexa
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (R.L.A.); (C.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Andreia Cucuruz
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Cristina-Daniela Ghițulică
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-D.G.); (G.V.)
| | - Georgeta Voicu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.-D.G.); (G.V.)
| | - Liliana-Roxana Stamat (Balahura)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (L.-R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (L.-R.S.); (M.C.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (S.D.)
| | - George Mihail Vlasceanu
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina Stavarache
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (R.L.A.); (C.S.); (H.I.)
- Costin D. Nenitescu, Centre of Organic Chemistry, 202-B Spl. Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Ianchis
- National Institute for Research & Development for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM—Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Horia Iovu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gheorghe Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (R.L.A.); (C.S.); (H.I.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (L.-R.S.); (M.C.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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Przeor M. Some Common Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Activity, Known and Available in Europe (A Mini-Review). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010065. [PMID: 35056122 PMCID: PMC8778315 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that affected 9.3% of adults worldwide in 2019. Its co-occurrence is suspected to increase mortality from COVID-19. The treatment of diabetes is mainly based on the long-term use of pharmacological agents, often expensive and causing unpleasant side effects. There is an alarming increase in the number of pharmaceuticals taken in Europe. The aim of this paper is to concisely collect information concerning the few antidiabetic or hypoglycaemic raw plant materials that are present in the consciousness of Europeans and relatively easily accessible to them on the market and sometimes even grown on European plantations. The following raw materials are discussed in this mini-review: Morus alba L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum J.Presl, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Zingiber officinale Rosc., and Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer in terms of scientifically tested antidiabetic activity and the presence of characteristic biologically active compounds and their specific properties, including antioxidant properties. The characteristics of these raw materials are based on in vitro as well as in vivo studies: on animals and in clinical studies. In addition, for each plant, the possibility to use certain morphological elements in the light of EFSA legislation is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Przeor
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Jung SJ, Oh MR, Lee DY, Lee YS, Kim GS, Park SH, Han SK, Kim YO, Yoon SJ, Chae SW. Effect of Ginseng Extracts on the Improvement of Osteopathic and Arthritis Symptoms in Women with Osteopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103352. [PMID: 34684351 PMCID: PMC8539988 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are active compounds that are beneficial to bone metabolism and have anti-osteoporosis properties. However, very few clinical investigations have investigated the effect of ginseng extract (GE) on bone metabolism. This study aims to determine the effect of GE on improving bone metabolism and arthritis symptoms in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 90 subjects were randomly divided into a placebo group, GE 1 g group, and GE 3 g group for 12 weeks based on the random 1:1:1 assignment to these three groups. The primary outcome is represented by bone metabolism indices consisting of serum osteocalcin (OC), urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and DPD/OC measurements. Secondary outcomes were serum CTX, NTX, Ca, P, BsALP, P1NP, OC/CTX ratio, and WOMAC index. The GE 3 g group had a significantly increased serum OC concentration. Similarly, the GE 3 g group showed a significant decrease in the DPD/OC ratio, representing bone resorption and bone formation. Moreover, among all the groups, the GE 3 g group demonstrated appreciable improvements in the WOMAC index scores. In women with osteopenia, intake of 3 g of GE per day over 12 weeks notably improved the knee arthritis symptoms with improvements in the OC concentration and ratios of bone formation indices like DPD/OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea; (S.-J.J.); (M.-R.O.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Oh
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea; (S.-J.J.); (M.-R.O.)
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Korea; (D.Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (G.-S.K.); (Y.-O.K.)
| | - Young-Seob Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Korea; (D.Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (G.-S.K.); (Y.-O.K.)
| | - Geum-Soog Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Korea; (D.Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (G.-S.K.); (Y.-O.K.)
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Korea;
| | - Soog-Kyoung Han
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea;
| | - Young-Ock Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong 27709, Chungbuk, Korea; (D.Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.); (G.-S.K.); (Y.-O.K.)
| | - Sun-Jung Yoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea;
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea; (S.-J.J.); (M.-R.O.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-2593040
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Riaz M, Rahman NU, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Jaffar HZ, Manea R. Ginseng: A dietary supplement as immune-modulator in various diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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