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Alqurashi M, Momot KI, Aamry A, Almohammed H, Aamri H, Johary YH, Abolaban FA, Sulieman A. Sensing mammographic density using single-sided portable Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2447-2454. [PMID: 35531236 PMCID: PMC9073015 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This research paper presents a quantitative approach to sensing mammographic density (MD) using single-sided portable Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). It focuses on three main techniques: spin-lattice relaxation (recovery) time (T1), spin-spin relaxation (decay) time (T2), and Diffusion (D) techniques by testing whether or not the aforementioned techniques are in agreement with the gold standard and with each other when used for scanning breast tissue specimens with a variety of mammographic densities (MDs). The high mammographic density (HMD), intermediate MD, and low mammographic density (LMD) regions of each slice were identified according to the mammogram images. Subsequently, the grayscale values for these regions were quantified. One region was measured from the first sample while the remaining ones were measured from the second sample. The same areas were then exposed to portable NMR, and the sequences used as following: the stimulated echo sequence for diffusion (D), the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence for T2, and saturation recovery sequence for T1. The correlations between the grayscale values and NMR techniques were strongly correlated. The Pearson correlation coefficient, R, of T1 (%) versus grayscale value, D (%) versus grayscale value, and T2 (%) versus grayscale value, was 0.91, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively. Furthermore, the relative water content of the breast slices based on T1, T2, and diffusion (D) measurements were strongly in agreement with each other. The Pearson correlation coefficient, R, of D (%) versus T1 (%), D (%) versus T2 (%), and T1 (%) versus T2 (%), was 0.984, 0.966, and 0.9868, respectively. The three pulse sequences can be employed in a portable NMR device to deliver continuous quantitative measurements of MD in breast tissue samples. As a result, the method demonstrated to be acceptable for determining the distribution of MDs among breast tissue samples without the need for additional qualitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Alqurashi
- Radiology Department, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Konstantin I. Momot
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ali Aamry
- Nuclear Medicine Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H.I. Almohammed
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussin Aamri
- Medical Physics Department, King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yehia H. Johary
- Medical Physics Department, General Directorate of Health Affairs in Aseer Region, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad A. Abolaban
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80221, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelmoneim Sulieman
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Liu Q, Ai B, Kong X, Wang X, Qi Y, Wang Z, Fang Y, Wang J. JAK2 expression is correlated with the molecular and clinical features of breast cancer as a favorable prognostic factor. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107186. [PMID: 33290964 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinases are a family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases involved in autoimmune diseases and malignancies. In breast cancer, the immune related role of JAK2 remains unclear. We aimed to investigate its role at transcriptome level and its relationship with the clinical outcome of breast cancer. This study enrolled a total of 2994 breast cancer samples with transcriptome data, including 1090 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 1904 from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC). JAK2 expression was significantly upregulated in both PR positive group (P < 0.01) and HER2 negative group (P < 0.01), and was correlated with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage and tumor malignancies of breast cancer. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes correlated with JAK2 were mainly involved in essential functions associated with immune response. Intriguingly, we investigated the association between JAK2 and immune modulators in pan-cancer, JAK2 expression was positively correlated with most of these immune modulators. In clinical aspect, higher expression of JAK2 was an independent indicator of favorable prognosis in breast cancer patients. The expression of JAK2 is tightly related to the pathology and molecular pathology of breast cancer, and synergistic with other checkpoint members thereby playing a specific role in regulating tumor immune microenvironment. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most comprehensive study characterizing the expression pattern of JAK2 and its special immune functions together with its prognostic values in breast cancer. These findings might shed novel sights for future research in cancer immunotherapy by targeting immune checkpoint molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolun Ai
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihang Qi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China.
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