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Qadir Khan S, Alzayer HA, Alameer ST, Ajmal Khan M, Khan N, AlQuorain H, Gad MM. SEQUEL: Prevalence of dental caries in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:963-969. [PMID: 39035563 PMCID: PMC11255963 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of dental caries throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) between 2011 and 2023 as a follow-up to a previously published review in 2013 by Khan et al. and aimed to provide an update on the current status of caries prevalence in the KSA. A literature search was conducted, and thirty-three articles were included in the final analysis. To determine the prevalence of caries in primary teeth, the 2- to 12-year-old Saudi population was included in the search, and an age range of 6-18 years was used for permanent teeth. The prevalence of caries in the primary and permanent dentition was analyzed separately. As the included studies for the primary and permanent teeth had insignificant heterogeneity, fixed-effect models and forest plots were used to evaluate caries prevalence in both dentitions. In the primary dentition, the mean decayed-missing-filled teeth (dmft) index was 4.14 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 3.11-5.18), with an average prevalence of 75.43 %. For the permanent teeth, the mean DMFT (uppercase used for permanent dentition) was 1.28 (95 % CI: 0.93-1.64), with an average prevalence of 67.7 %. The average dmft/DMFT scores decreased in both primary and permanent teeth compared to the previous meta-analysis by Khan et al., suggesting a beneficial effect of preventative measures on caries prevalence. Continuing these measures is necessary to maintain the downward trend of caries prevalence in the KSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soban Qadir Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A. Alzayer
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad T. Alameer
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Khan
- Directorate of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazeer Khan
- Professor of Biostatistics, Director of Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization. Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Haitham AlQuorain
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Aruna P, Patil SS, Muthu MS, Vettriselvi V, Arockiam S, Kirubakaran R, Sivakumar N. Association between polymorphisms of immune response genes and early childhood caries - systematic review, gene-based, gene cluster, and meta-analysis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:124. [PMID: 37971556 PMCID: PMC10654314 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood caries is a significant public health concern affecting about 600 million children globally. The etiology of early childhood caries can be explained as an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are the most common variations in the human genome. Genetic variations of immune response genes can modify the defense response of the host, and alter the susceptibility to bacterial colonization of the oral cavity and early childhood caries. The aim of this systematic review is to identify genetic variants of immune response genes associated with early childhood caries. RESULTS A total of 7124 articles were identified by conducting an elaborate search across various electronic databases and genome-wide association studies databases. Subsequent to exclusion at various stages, fifteen articles qualified to be included into the present review. Risk of bias assessment was done with the Q-genie tool. Quantitative synthesis revealed that the odds ratio for TT and CC genotypes of rs11362 was 1.07 (0.67-1.71) and 1.16 (0.84-1.60), respectively. Gene-based analysis revealed a statistically significant association between variants of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene and T-cell receptor alpha variable 4 locus with early childhood caries. Gene clustering showed the presence of three functional clusters. To comprehend the protein-protein interaction, the bioinformatic tool of "Search Tools for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Proteins" was used. Among the biological processes and the reactome pathways, complement activation through the lectin pathway showed the highest strength of association with early childhood caries. To understand the interaction and functionality of the genes, "gene function prediction using Multiple Association Network Integration Algorithm" was used, which revealed that the genes were linked by physical interaction (39.34%) and through co-expression (34.88%). CONCLUSIONS Genotype TT of rs7217186 of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase gene was a risk factor for early childhood caries. Multiple genetic variants of T-cell receptor alpha variable 4 locus and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene were associated with increased susceptibility to early childhood caries. Polymorphisms of genes regulating the lectin pathway of complement activation can modify the susceptibility to early childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aruna
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondicherry, India
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - V Vettriselvi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Selva Arockiam
- Department of Orthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - R Kirubakaran
- South Asian Cochrane Network and Centre. Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - N Sivakumar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, India
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González-Casamada C, Molina-Frechero N, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF, García-López S, Castañeda-Castaneira E. [Polymorphisms associated with dental caries in pediatric populations: a systematic review]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:502-508. [PMID: 37540722 PMCID: PMC10484539 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to play an important role in the etiology of dental caries. The aim of this research was, through a systematic review, to identify SNPs recently associated with dental caries in pediatric populations. We included studies performed in humans up to 18 years of age that evaluated the relationship between SNPs and dental caries from 2017 to 2022. Articles that covered other study variables were excluded. PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science were used to search for information and the included articles were evaluated with one of the Joanna Briggs Institute's tools. Twenty-five articles were selected, 60% of which were given high methodological quality. A total of 10,743 research subjects, ranging in age from 20 months to 17 years, participated in the study. The SNPs considered risk factors were identified in the genes miRNA202, VDR, AMELX, TUFT1, KLK4, MBL2, ENAM, DEFB1, HLA-DRB1, TAS1R1, DSPP, RUNX2 and MMP13; those considered protective factors were identified in the genes MMP20, AMBN, MMP9, TIMP2, TNF-α, VDR, IL1B, ENAM and HLA-DRB1. This systematic review presents the genetic polymorphisms that are associated with the etiology of caries in children and adolescents, some of which act as risk factors and others as protective factors against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos González-Casamada
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas. Ciudad de México, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaMéxico
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Departamento de Atención a la Salud. Ciudad de México, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaMéxico
| | - León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Estomatología. Ciudad Juárez, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad JuárezMéxico
| | - Salvador García-López
- Universidad Intercontinental, Departamento de Ortodoncia. Ciudad de México, MéxicoUniversidad IntercontinentalMéxico
| | - Enrique Castañeda-Castaneira
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Departamento de Atención a la Salud. Ciudad de México, MéxicoUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaMéxico
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Zhang C, Cao X. Biological gene extraction path based on knowledge graph and natural language processing. Front Genet 2023; 13:1086379. [PMID: 36712855 PMCID: PMC9880067 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1086379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous progress of society and the vigorous development of science and technology have brought people the dawn of maintaining health and preventing and controlling diseases. At the same time, with the update and iteration of bioinformatics technology, the current biological gene research has also undergone revolutionary changes. However, a long-standing problem in genetic research has always plagued researchers, that is, how to find the most needed sample genes from a large number of sample genes, so as to reduce unnecessary research and reduce research costs. By studying the extraction path of biological genes, it can help researchers to extract the most valuable research genes and avoid wasting time and energy. In order to solve the above problems, this paper used the Bhattacharyya distance index and the Gini index to screen the sample genes when extracting the characteristic genes of breast cancer. In the selected 49 public genes, 6 principal components were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA), and finally the experimental results were tested. It was found that when the optimal number of characteristic genes was selected as 5, the recognition rate of genes reached the highest 90.31%, which met the experimental requirements. In addition, the experiment also proved that the characteristic gene extraction method designed in this paper had a removal rate of 99.75% of redundant genes, which can greatly reduce the time and money cost of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canlin Zhang
- Sorenson Communications, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- College of Creative Culture and Communication, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Xiaopei Cao,
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Sharma A, Patil SS, Muthu MS, Venkatesan V, Kirubakaran R, Nuvvula S, Arockiam S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of enamel formation genes and early childhood caries - systematic review, gene-based, gene cluster and meta-analysis. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:3-15. [PMID: 37282406 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_78_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic polymorphisms of genes regulating amelogenesis can alter susceptibility to Early Childhood Caries (ECC). This systematic review aims to analyze associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of enamel formation genes and ECC. Methods Search was conducted across PUBMED, CINAHL, LILACS, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science, Genome-Wide Association Studies databases from January 2003 to September 2022. This was supplemented by hand search. Totally 7124 articles were identified and 21 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria proceeded to data extraction. Quality assessment was done using the Q-Genie tool. Results Quantitative synthesis revealed that homozygous genotype AA of rs12640848 was significantly higher in children with ECC with an odds ratio of 2.36. Gene-based analysis revealed significant association between six variants of AMBN, four variants of KLK4, two variants of MMP20, and a single variant of each of MMP9 and MMP13 genes and ECC. The Bonferroni corrected-log10 P value of amelogenesis gene Cluster was 2.25 (0.05/88 = 5.6 × 10-4). Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Proteins plot constructed to comprehend the protein-protein interaction revealed the presence of four functional clusters. Gene function prediction using Multiple Association Network Integration Algorithm revealed that physical interaction between these genes was 69.3%. Conclusion Polymorphisms of genes regulating amelogenesis can influence the susceptibility to ECC. AA genotype of rs12640848 may increase the susceptibility to ECC. Gene-based analysis revealed a significant association between multiple polymorphisms of genes regulating amelogenesis and ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vettriselvi Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Richard Kirubakaran
- South Asian Cochrane Network and Centre, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Nuvvula
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Selva Arockiam
- Department of Orthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Association of MMP9, MMP13 and MMP20 genes polymorphism with dental caries: A meta-analysis. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Borgio JF, Alsuwat HS, Alamoudi W, Hegazi FM, Al Otaibi WM, M Ibrahim A, Almandil NB, Al-Amodi AM, Alyousef YM, AlShwaimi E, Almasoud N, Kamaraj B, Sayed A. Exome array identifies functional exonic biomarkers for pediatric dental caries. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105019. [PMID: 34749984 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric dental caries is common among Arab children, however we are still searching for possible genes and molecular mechanisms that influence caries development. AIM To identity genetic predispositions of dental caries among Saudi children with high DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth). DESIGN This case-control study analysed putative functional exonic-variants (n = 243,345) to study the molecular genetics of pediatric caries with high dmft index, 8.75 ± 4.16 on Arab-ancestry subjects with primary dentition (n = 111; 76 cases, dmft>5 and 35 controls, dmft = 0). RESULTS Pediatric caries is significantly associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the GRIN2B-rs4764039C (p-value = 2.03 × 10-08) and CFH-rs1065489G (p-value = 8.26 × 10-08) genes, even after Bonferroni correction. Irregular tooth brushing habits (p = 0.0404) and irregular dental visits (p = 0.0050) are significantly associated with caries. Functional enrichment analysis of significant genes is associated with calcium-activated chloride channel, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and N-linked glycosylation. CONCLUSION Genetic predispositions are found to be significantly associated with the high prevalence of pediatric caries, which is a disorder of multigene-environment interaction. The significant functional exonic variants identified can be biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pediatric dental caries in Arabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Francis Borgio
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Saleh Alsuwat
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Widyan Alamoudi
- Departments of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Mohammed Hegazi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Mohammed Al Otaibi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Ibrahim
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor B Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M Al-Amodi
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef M Alyousef
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad AlShwaimi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Almasoud
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balu Kamaraj
- Department of Neuroscience Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdulAzeez Sayed
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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