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Wahab A, Muhammad M, Munir A, Abdi G, Zaman W, Ayaz A, Khizar C, Reddy SPP. Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Regulating Growth, Enhancing Productivity, and Potentially Influencing Ecosystems under Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3102. [PMID: 37687353 PMCID: PMC10489935 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with the roots of nearly all land-dwelling plants, increasing growth and productivity, especially during abiotic stress. AMF improves plant development by improving nutrient acquisition, such as phosphorus, water, and mineral uptake. AMF improves plant tolerance and resilience to abiotic stressors such as drought, salt, and heavy metal toxicity. These benefits come from the arbuscular mycorrhizal interface, which lets fungal and plant partners exchange nutrients, signalling molecules, and protective chemical compounds. Plants' antioxidant defence systems, osmotic adjustment, and hormone regulation are also affected by AMF infestation. These responses promote plant performance, photosynthetic efficiency, and biomass production in abiotic stress conditions. As a result of its positive effects on soil structure, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration, AMF contributes to the maintenance of resilient ecosystems. The effects of AMFs on plant growth and ecological stability are species- and environment-specific. AMF's growth-regulating, productivity-enhancing role in abiotic stress alleviation under abiotic stress is reviewed. More research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive AMF-plant interactions and their responses to abiotic stresses. AMF triggers plants' morphological, physiological, and molecular responses to abiotic stress. Water and nutrient acquisition, plant development, and abiotic stress tolerance are improved by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. In plants, AMF colonization modulates antioxidant defense mechanisms, osmotic adjustment, and hormonal regulation. These responses promote plant performance, photosynthetic efficiency, and biomass production in abiotic stress circumstances. AMF-mediated effects are also enhanced by essential oils (EOs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and phosphorus (P). Understanding how AMF increases plant adaptation and reduces abiotic stress will help sustain agriculture, ecosystem management, and climate change mitigation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have gained prominence in agriculture due to their multifaceted roles in promoting plant health and productivity. This review delves into how AMF influences plant growth and nutrient absorption, especially under challenging environmental conditions. We further explore the extent to which AMF bolsters plant resilience and growth during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahab
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Murad Muhammad
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Asma Munir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran;
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Chandni Khizar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of the Lahore, Lahore 51000, Pakistan;
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Chen J, Hou S, Zhang Q, Meng J, Zhang Y, Du J, Wang C, Liang D, Guo Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the WRKY Gene Family in Asparagus officinalis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1704. [PMID: 37761844 PMCID: PMC10530708 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the related research of the WRKY gene family has been gradually promoted, which is mainly reflected in the aspects of environmental stress and hormone response. However, to make the study of the WRKY gene family more complete, we also need to focus on the whole-genome analysis and identification of the family. In previous studies, the whole WRKY gene family of Arabidopsis, legumes and other plants has been thoroughly studied. However, since the publication of Asparagus officinalis genome-wide data, there has never been an analysis of the whole WRKY gene family. To understand more broadly the function of the WRKY gene family, the whole genome and salt stress transcriptome data of asparagus were used for comprehensive analysis in this study, including WRKY gene family identification, phylogenetic tree construction, analysis of conserved mods and gene domains, extraction of cis-acting elements, intron/exon analysis, species collinearity analysis, and WRKY expression analysis under salt stress. The results showed that a total of 70 genes were selected and randomly distributed on 10 chromosomes and one undefined chromosome. According to the functional classification of Arabidopsis thaliana, the WRKY family of asparagus was divided into 11 subgroups (C1-C9, U1, U2). It is worth considering that the distribution rules of gene-conserved motifs, gene domains and introns/exons in the same subfamily are similar, which suggests that genes in the same subfamily may regulate similar physiological processes. In this study, 11 cis-acting elements of WRKY family were selected, among which auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and other hormone-regulated induction elements were involved. In addition, environmental stress (such as drought stress and low-temperature response) also accounted for a large proportion. Interestingly, we analyzed a total of two tandem duplicate genes and 13 segmental duplication genes, suggesting that this is related to the amplification of the WRKY gene family. Transcriptome data analysis showed that WRKY family genes could regulate plant growth and development by up-regulating and down-regulating gene expression under salt stress. Volcanic maps showed that 3 and 15 AoWRKY genes were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated in NI&NI+S and AMF&AMF+S, respectively. These results provide a new way to analyze the evolution and function of the WRKY gene family, and can provide a reference for the production and research of asparagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Sijia Hou
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China;
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianqiao Meng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Junhong Du
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Dan Liang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
| | - Yunqian Guo
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.C.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (C.W.)
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Afshar AS, Abbaspour H. Mycorrhizal symbiosis alleviate salinity stress in pistachio plants by altering gene expression and antioxidant pathways. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:263-276. [PMID: 36875732 PMCID: PMC9981847 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how inoculation of salt-stressed Pistacia vera seedlings with Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), affects their biomass, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression. Pistachio seedlings (N:36) were randomly assigned to AMF inoculation and non-inoculation groups in a pot experiment with 9 replications. Each group was further divided and randomly assigned to two salinity treatments (0 and 300 mM NaCl). At the end of week 4, three pistachio plantlets were randomly selected from each group for Rhizophagus irregularis colonization inspection, physiological and biochemical assays, and biomass measurements. Salinity activated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in the pistachio plants were studied. The negative effects of salinity included reduced biomass and relative water content (RWC), increased O2 ·-, H2O2, MDA, and electrolytic leakage. Generally, Rhizophagus irregularis was found to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity in pistachio seedlings. AMF inoculation resulted in even further increases in the activities of SODs, POD, CAT, and GR enzymes, upregulating Cu/Zn-SOD, Fe-SOD, Mn-SOD, and GR genes expression in plants under salinity stress. Moreover, AMF significantly increased AsA, α-tocopherol, and carotenoids under both control and salinity conditions. The study concludes with a call for future research into the mechanisms of mycorrhiza-induced tolerance in plants under salinity stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01279-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Abbaspour
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Boosting Sustainable Agriculture by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under Stress Condition: Mechanism and Future Prospective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5275449. [PMID: 36619307 PMCID: PMC9815931 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5275449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Global agriculture is frequently subjected to stresses from increased salt content, drought, heavy metals, and other factors, which limit plant growth and production, deteriorate soil health, and constitute a severe danger to global food security. Development of environmentally acceptable mitigation techniques against stresses and restrictions on the use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural fields is essential. Therefore, eco-friendly practises must be kept to prevent the detrimental impacts of stress on agricultural regions. The advanced metabolic machinery needed to handle this issue is not now existent in plants to deal against the stresses. Research has shown that the key role and mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) to enhance plant nutrient uptake, immobilisation and translocation of heavy metals, and plant growth-promoting attributes may be suitable agents for plant growth under diversed stressed condition. The successful symbiosis and the functional relationship between the plant and AMF may build the protective regulatory mechansm against the key challenge in particular stress. AMF's compatibility with hyperaccumulator plants has also been supported by studies on gene regulation and theoretical arguments. In order to address this account, the present review included reducing the impacts of biotic and abiotic stress through AMF, the mechanisms of AMF to improve the host plant's capacity to endure stress, and the strategies employed by AM fungus to support plant survival in stressful conditions.
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Response of Yam (Dioscorea alata) to the Application of Rhizophagus irregularis and Potassium Silicate under Salinity Stress. STRESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses2020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Yam (Dioscorea alata) is a tropical plant that is considered critical for food security. The use of high fertilizer, low soil fertility, and insect pest infestation reduce yam tuber yield and quality. The present study was performed to determine the effect of potassium silicate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on yam cultivated under salinity stress. This study revealed that the combination of Rhizophagus irregularis (AMF) and Potassium silicate was more effective than their individual application on yam and were beneficial for overall analyzed characters. We observed the days to emergence and the average days to first leaf emergence decreased by 33.46% and 26.78%, respectively, the number of leaves increased by 45.23%, number of sprouts per seed tuber by 50%, vine length by 60.8%, vine length at harvest by 40.53%, the average leaf width by 53.79%, petiole length by 31.74%, tuber length by 43.84%, average diameter of tuber by 56.58%, and average number of tuber per vine by 46.15% in T5 treated plants. We also recorded that starch content increased by 21.89%, ascorbic acid by 61.51%, average moisture by 8.36%, TSS by 50%, and total sugar by 69.53% in T5 treated plants. The total phenol was found to be 1.53% higher in T3 applied plants, while the dry matter was 36.37% higher in T5 treatment. Furthermore, the enzymatic evaluation of MDA in leaves was found to be enhanced by 142% in T2. The enzyme 8-OHdG from the leaves sample was reported to be increased after T5 by 621.15%. Moreover, the amount of CAT was higher by 53.46% in T2 treated plants. Likewise, the amount of enzyme SOD and POX in leaves of D. alata enhanced by 30.91% and 51.15% T2 treatments respectively.
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Srivastava A, Sharma VK, Kaushik P, El-Sheikh MA, Qadir S, Mansoor S. Effect of silicon application with mycorrhizal inoculation on Brassica juncea cultivated under water stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261569. [PMID: 35389996 PMCID: PMC8989204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica juncea L. is a significant member of the Brassicaceae family, also known as Indian mustard. Water is a limiting factor in the successful production of this crop. Here, we tested the effect of water shortage in B. juncea plants supplemented with or without the application of silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in total 8 different treatments compared under open filed conditions using a randomised complete block design (RCBD). The treatments under control conditions were control (C, T1); C+Silicon (Si, T2); C+My (Mycorrhiza; T3); and C+Si+My (T4). In contrast, treatments under stress conditions were S (Stress; T5); S+Si (T6); S+My (T7) and S+Si+My (T8), respectively. In total, we evaluated 16 traits, including plant response to stress by evaluating peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity. The fresh weight (g) increased only 7.47 percent with mycorrhiza (C+My) and 22.39 percent with silicon (C+Si) but increased 291.08 percent with both mycorrhiza and silicon (C+Si+My). Using mycorrhiza (S+My) or silicon (S+Si) alone produced a significant increase of 53.16 percent and 55.84 percent in fresh weight, respectively, while using both mycorrhiza and silicon (S+Si+My) together produced a dramatic increase of 380.71 percent under stress conditions. Superoxidase dismutase concentration (Ug−1 FW) was found to be increased by 29.48 percent, 6.71 percent, and 22.63 percent after applying C+My, C+Si and C+Si+My, but treatment under stress revealed some contrasting trends, with an increase of 11.21 percent and 19.77 percent for S+My, S+Si+My, but a decrease of 13.15 percent for S+Si. Finally, in the presence of stress, carotenoid content (mg/g FW) increased by 58.06 percent, 54.83 percent, 183.87 percent with C+My, and 23.81 percent with S+My and S+Si+My, but decreased by 22.22 percent with S+Si. Silicon application proved to be more effective than AMF treatment with Rhizophagus irregularis, and the best results were obtained with the combination of Si and AMF. This work will help to suggest the measures to overcome the water stress in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Department Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaista Qadir
- Department of Botany, Womens College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry FBSc, SKUAST Jammu J&K, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Cristofano F, El-Nakhel C, Rouphael Y. Biostimulant Substances for Sustainable Agriculture: Origin, Operating Mechanisms and Effects on Cucurbits, Leafy Greens, and Nightshade Vegetables Species. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1103. [PMID: 34439770 PMCID: PMC8392623 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a pressing matter of anthropogenic nature to which agriculture contributes by abusing production inputs such as inorganic fertilizers and fertigation water, thus degrading land and water sources. Moreover, as the increase in the demand of food in 2050 is estimated to be 25 to 70% more than what is currently produced today, a sustainable intensification of agriculture is needed. Biostimulant substances are products that the EU states work by promoting growth, resistance to plant abiotic stress, and increasing produce quality, and may be a valid strategy to enhance sustainable agricultural practice. Presented in this review is a comprehensive look at the scientific literature regarding the widely used and EU-sanctioned biostimulant substances categories of silicon, seaweed extracts, protein hydrolysates, and humic substances. Starting from their origin, the modulation of plants' hormonal networks, physiology, and stress defense systems, their in vivo effects are discussed on some of the most prominent vegetable species of the popular plant groupings of cucurbits, leafy greens, and nightshades. The review concludes by identifying several research areas relevant to biostimulant substances to exploit and enhance the biostimulant action of these substances and signaling molecules in horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.C.); (C.E.-N.)
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