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Zhang Y, Wu X, Ge H, Jiang Y, Sun Z, Ji X, Jia Z, Cui G. A Blockchain-Based Traceability Model for Grain and Oil Food Supply Chain. Foods 2023; 12:3235. [PMID: 37685168 PMCID: PMC10486922 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure of the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain has the characteristics of complexity, cross-regionality, a long cycle, and numerous participants, making it difficult to maintain the safety of supply. In recent years, some phenomena have emerged in the field of grain procurement and sale, such as topping the new with the old, rotating grains, the pressure of grades and prices, and counterfeit oil food, which have seriously threatened grain-and-oil-food security. Blockchain technology has the advantage of decentralization and non-tampering Therefore, this study analyzes the characteristics of traceability data in the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain, and presents a blockchain-based traceability model for the grain-and-oil-food-supply chain. Firstly, a new method combining blockchain and machine learning is proposed to enhance the authenticity and reliability of blockchain source data by constructing anomalous data-processing models. In addition, a lightweight blockchain-storage method and a data-recovery mechanism are proposed to reduce the pressure on supply-chain-data storage and improve fault tolerance. The results indicate that the average query delay of public data is 0.42 s, the average query delay of private data is 0.88 s, and the average data-recovery delay is 1.2 s. Finally, a blockchain-based grain-and-oil-food-supply-chain traceability system is designed and built using Hyperledger Fabric. Compared with the existing grain-and-oil-food-supply chain, the model constructed achieves multi-source heterogeneous data uploading, lightweight storage, data recovery, and traceability in the supply chain, which are of great significance for ensuring the safety of grain-and-oil food in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongyi Ge
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaodi Ji
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangyuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing & Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.J.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Ma C, Liu F, Yang J, Liu N, Zhang K, Berrettoni M, Zhang H. The newly absorbed atmospheric lead by wheat spike during filling stage is the primary reason for grain lead pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161965. [PMID: 36737026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wheat spikes could directly absorb lead (Pb) from atmospheric depositions. However, the mechanism by which the spikes contribute to Pb accumulation in the grain remains unclear. To investigate this mechanism, a field experiment was conducted using three comparative spikes shading treatments: 1) exposed to atmospheric deposition and light (CK), 2) non-exposed to atmospheric deposition and light (T1), and 3) non-exposed to atmospheric deposition but light-transmitting (T2). Spikes shading treatments reduced the average rate and peak value of the accumulation of Pb in grains, which significantly decreased the grain Pb concentration by 57.44 % and 50.26 % in T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. Moreover, Pb isotopic analysis shows that the Pb in spike and grain was mainly from atmospheric deposition, and the percentage of the grain Pb originated from atmospheric Pb decreased from 85.98 % in CK to 72.87 % and 79.59 % in T1 and T2, respectively. In addition, the spikes, rather than the leaves/roots, were the largest wheat tissue source of Pb in grains, and the relative contribution of spikes to grain Pb accumulation increased to 65.57 % at the maturity stage, of which the stored Pb re-translocation of spikes and the newly absorbed Pb by spikes during the filling stage contributed 13.37 % and 52.20 % to the grain Pb, respectively. Thus, the contribution of the spike to the grain Pb was mainly from the newly absorbed Pb from the atmospheric deposition during the grain filling phase, and grain filling phase is the key stage for the absorption of Pb by the grain. In brief, the newly absorbed atmospheric Pb by wheat spike during filling stage is the primary cause of grain Pb contamination, which provided a new insight for effective control of wheat Pb pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Fuyong Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China; Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Camerino, School of Science and Technology, ChIP, via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Nan Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Mario Berrettoni
- University of Camerino, School of Science and Technology, ChIP, via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China.
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Khan A, Khan AA, Irfan M, Sayeed Akhtar M, Hasan SA. Lead-induced modification of growth and yield of Linum usitatissimum L. and its soil remediation potential. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:1067-1076. [PMID: 36178175 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2128040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the pre-reproductive and reproductive responses of Linum usitatissimum L. (flax, linseed plant) to different levels of Pb in the soil. Flax seeds were sown in garden soil-filled earthen pots and treated with three different levels of lead as lead chloride (150, 450, and 750 mg Pb kg-1 soil) except control, and each treatment was replicated three times. Growth and reproductive parameters and photosynthetic pigments were significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) for all treatments. Quantitatively, Chlorophyll b content decreased more than chlorophyll a and the amount of proline content in the leaves increased in lockstep with the increase of Pb levels in the soil. Pb was found in substantial amounts in the roots, shoots, and seeds. The pattern of Pb accumulation in different organs was root > shoot > seeds. Pb levels in seeds obtained from 750 mg Pb kg-1 soil-treated plants exceeded the permissible limits. Biological concentration factor (BCF), biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) and translocation factor (TF) values showed that roots of L. usitatissimum absorbed and accumulated a substantial quantity of Pb but translocated only a fraction of that to the shoots. Therefore, L. usitatissimum L. can be used in phytostabilization rather than phytoextraction of Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Environmental Botany Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Athar Ali Khan
- Environmental Botany Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Irfan
- Department of Botany, Sanskriti University, Mathura, India
| | | | - Syed Aiman Hasan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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