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Tiwari M, Gujar G, Shashank CG, Ponsuksili S. Selection signatures for high altitude adaptation in livestock: A review. Gene 2024; 927:148757. [PMID: 38986751 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
High altitude adapted livestock species (cattle, yak, goat, sheep, and horse) has critical role in the human socioeconomic sphere and acts as good source of animal source products including milk, meat, and leather, among other things. These species sustain production and reproduction even in harsh environments on account of adaptation resulting from continued evolution of beneficial traits. Selection pressure leads to various adaptive strategies in livestock whose footprints are evident at the different genomic sites as the "Selection Signature". Scrutiny of these signatures provides us crucial insight into the evolutionary process and domestication of livestock adapted to diverse climatic conditions. These signatures have the potential to change the sphere of animal breeding and further usher the selection programmes in right direction. Technological revolution and recent strides made in genomic studies has opened the routes for the identification of selection signatures. Numerous statistical approaches and bioinformatics tools have been developed to detect the selection signature. Consequently, studies across years have identified candidate genes under selection region found associated with numerous traits which have a say in adaptation to high-altitude environment. This makes it pertinent to have a better understanding about the selection signature, the ways to identify and how to utilize them for betterment of livestock populations as well as farmers. This review takes a closer look into the general concept, various methodologies, and bioinformatics tools commonly employed in selection signature studies and summarize the results of recent selection signature studies related to high-altitude adaptation in various livestock species. This review will serve as an informative and useful insight for researchers and students in the field of animal breeding and evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Tiwari
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India; U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary Science University and Cattle Research Institute, Mathura, India.
| | | | - C G Shashank
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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2
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Abebe BK, Wang J, Guo J, Wang H, Li A, Zan L. A review of emerging technologies, nutritional practices, and management strategies to improve intramuscular fat composition in beef cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2388704. [PMID: 39133095 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2388704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The flavour, tenderness and juiciness of the beef are all impacted by the composition of the intramuscular fat (IMF), which is a key determinant of beef quality. Thus, enhancing the IMF composition of beef cattle has become a major area of research. Consequently, the aim of this paper was to provide insight and synthesis into the emerging technologies, nutritional practices and management strategies to improve IMF composition in beef cattle. This review paper examined the current knowledge of management techniques and nutritional approaches relevant to cattle farming in the beef industry. It includes a thorough investigation of animal handling, weaning age, castration, breed selection, sex determination, environmental factors, grazing methods, slaughter weight and age. Additionally, it rigorously explored dietary energy levels and optimization of fatty acid profiles, as well as the use of feed additives and hormone implant techniques with their associated regulations. The paper also delved into emerging technologies that are shaping future beef production, such as genomic selection methods, genome editing techniques, epigenomic analyses, microbiome manipulation strategies, transcriptomic profiling approaches and metabolomics analyses. In conclusion, a holistic approach combining genomic, nutritional and management strategies is imperative for achieving targeted IMF content and ensuring high-quality beef production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Kuraz Abebe
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia
| | - Jianfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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3
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Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. An overview of recent technological developments in bovine genomics. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 25:100382. [PMID: 39166173 PMCID: PMC11334705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cattle are regarded as highly valuable animals because of their milk, beef, dung, fur, and ability to draft. The scientific community has tried a number of strategies to improve the genetic makeup of bovine germplasm. To ensure higher returns for the dairy and beef industries, researchers face their greatest challenge in improving commercially important traits. One of the biggest developments in the last few decades in the creation of instruments for cattle genetic improvement is the discovery of the genome. Breeding livestock is being revolutionized by genomic selection made possible by the availability of medium- and high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays coupled with sophisticated statistical techniques. It is becoming easier to access high-dimensional genomic data in cattle. Continuously declining genotyping costs and an increase in services that use genomic data to increase return on investment have both made a significant contribution to this. The field of genomics has come a long way thanks to groundbreaking discoveries such as radiation-hybrid mapping, in situ hybridization, synteny analysis, somatic cell genetics, cytogenetic maps, molecular markers, association studies for quantitative trait loci, high-throughput SNP genotyping, whole-genome shotgun sequencing to whole-genome mapping, and genome editing. These advancements have had a significant positive impact on the field of cattle genomics. This manuscript aimed to review recent advances in genomic technologies for cattle breeding and future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41635-1314, Iran
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4
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Huber K. Review: Welfare in farm animals from an animal-centred point of view. Animal 2024; 18:101311. [PMID: 39265500 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to enlighten aspects of welfare from the farm animal-centred point of view rarely addressed such as those anatomical and physiological alterations induced in farm animals to obtain high performance. Hence, the major working hypothesis was that high-producing farm animals developed an imbalance between body structural and functional capacities and the genetic procedures applied to obtain industrial production of animal protein. This is called "disproportionality", a feature which cannot be compensated by feeding and management approaches. Consequences of disproportionality are the insidious development of disturbances of the metabolism, low-grade systemic inflammation and as a final stage, production diseases, developing throughout the productive life span of a farm animal and affecting animal welfare. Based on scientific evidence from literature, the review discusses disproportional conditions in broilers, laying hens, sows, piglets, dairy cows, bulls and calves as the most important farm animals for production of milk, meat, foetuses and eggs. As a conclusion, farm animal welfare must consider analysing issues from an animal-centered point of view because it seems evident that, due to genetics and management pressures, most of farm animals are already beyond their physiological limitations. Animal welfare from an animal-centered point must be addressed as an ethical step to establish limits to the strength placed on the animal's anatomical and physiological functionality. It may allow more sustainable and efficient farm animal production and the availability of healthy animal-derived protein for human nutrition worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Huber
- Institute of Animal Science (460d), University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 35, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Li T. A Chinese model for legal regulation of Gene-Edited endangered animals and plants. Gene 2024; 911:148350. [PMID: 38467316 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of gene editing technology in the field of endangered plant and animal conservation has innovative and prospective value in saving endangered plant and animal populations, but it also poses challenges to the ecological environment and bioethical norms. Gene editing has impacted China's animal and plant protection legal system, and this study aims to provide solutions for China to regulate gene editing of endangered plants and animals. The study concludes that China should enact specific legislation on gene editing of endangered plants and animals, abide by the concept of biosafety, and aim to maintain biodiversity and ecological balance; under the supervision of the ecological and environmental departments, the regulation of gene editing of endangered plants and animals should adopt a hybrid model of "combining the product and the process", and establish a system of registration, labeling, and responsibility. The ownership of gene-edited endangered animals and plants should adhere to the compound ownership model, recognizing that the State, collectives and individuals can all be owners within the scope of legal authorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- School of Law, ZhongNan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China.
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Abebe BK, Wang H, Li A, Zan L. A review of the role of transcription factors in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. J Anim Breed Genet 2024; 141:235-256. [PMID: 38146089 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, genomic selection and other refined strategies have been used to increase the growth rate and lean meat production of beef cattle. Nevertheless, the fast growth rates of cattle breeds are often accompanied by a reduction in intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, impairing meat quality. Transcription factors play vital roles in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. Meanwhile, understanding the role of transcription factors in regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle has gained significant attention to increase IMF deposition and meat quality. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to provide a comprehensive summary and valuable insight into the complex role of transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in beef cattle. This review summarizes the contemporary studies in transcription factors in adipogenesis and lipogenesis, genome-wide analysis of transcription factors, epigenetic regulation of transcription factors, nutritional regulation of transcription factors, metabolic signalling pathways, functional genomics methods, transcriptomic profiling of adipose tissues, transcription factors and meat quality and comparative genomics with other livestock species. In conclusion, transcription factors play a crucial role in promoting adipocyte development and fatty acid biosynthesis in beef cattle. They control adipose tissue formation and metabolism, thereby improving meat quality and maintaining metabolic balance. Understanding the processes by which these transcription factors regulate adipose tissue deposition and lipid metabolism will simplify the development of marbling or IMF composition in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Kuraz Abebe
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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O’Connor RE, Kretschmer R, Romanov MN, Griffin DK. A Bird's-Eye View of Chromosomic Evolution in the Class Aves. Cells 2024; 13:310. [PMID: 38391923 PMCID: PMC10886771 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Birds (Aves) are the most speciose of terrestrial vertebrates, displaying Class-specific characteristics yet incredible external phenotypic diversity. Critical to agriculture and as model organisms, birds have adapted to many habitats. The only extant examples of dinosaurs, birds emerged ~150 mya and >10% are currently threatened with extinction. This review is a comprehensive overview of avian genome ("chromosomic") organization research based mostly on chromosome painting and BAC-based studies. We discuss traditional and contemporary tools for reliably generating chromosome-level assemblies and analyzing multiple species at a higher resolution and wider phylogenetic distance than previously possible. These results permit more detailed investigations into inter- and intrachromosomal rearrangements, providing unique insights into evolution and speciation mechanisms. The 'signature' avian karyotype likely arose ~250 mya and remained largely unchanged in most groups including extinct dinosaurs. Exceptions include Psittaciformes, Falconiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Cuculiformes, Suliformes, occasional Passeriformes, Ciconiiformes, and Pelecaniformes. The reasons for this remarkable conservation may be the greater diploid chromosome number generating variation (the driver of natural selection) through a greater possible combination of gametes and/or an increase in recombination rate. A deeper understanding of avian genomic structure permits the exploration of fundamental biological questions pertaining to the role of evolutionary breakpoint regions and homologous synteny blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. O’Connor
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.E.O.); (M.N.R.)
| | - Rafael Kretschmer
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.E.O.); (M.N.R.)
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, 142132 Podolsk, Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; (R.E.O.); (M.N.R.)
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Mohsen G, Soliman SS, Mahgoub EI, Ismail TA, Mansour E, Alwutayd KM, Safhi FA, Abd El-Moneim D, Alshamrani R, Atallah OO, Shehata WF, Hassanin AA. Gamma-rays induced mutations increase soybean oil and protein contents. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16395. [PMID: 38025746 PMCID: PMC10668811 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation breeding is one of the effective techniques used for improving desired traits such as yield quality and quantity in economic crops. The present study aims to develop oil and protein contents in addition to high yield attributes in soybean using gamma rays as a mutagen. Seeds of the soybean genotypes Giza 21, Giza 22, Giza 82, Giza 83 and 117 were treated with gamma rays doses 50, 100, 200 and 300 Gy. Plants were then scored based on morphological parameters correlated with yield quantity including plant height, seed weight and valuable protein and oil contents. Mutant lines exhibiting the highest yield attributes were selected and used as parents for M2 generation. The M2 progeny was further assessed based on their ability to maintain their yield attributes. Twenty mutant lines were selected and used as M3 lines. The yield parameters inferred a positive effect of gamma irradiation on the collected M3 mutant lines compared to their parental genotypes. 100 Gy of gamma rays gave the highest effect on the number of pods, branches and seeds per plant in addition to protein content, while 200 Gy was more effective in increasing plant height, number of pods per plant, and oil content. Six mutant lines scored the highest yield parameters. Further assessment inferred an inverse relationship between oil and protein content in most of the tested cultivars with high agronomic features. However, four mutant lines recorded high content of oil and protein besides their high seed yield as well, which elect them as potential candidates for large-scale evaluation. The correlation among examined parameters was further confirmed via principal component analysis (PCA), which inferred a positive correlation between the number of pods, branches, seeds, and seed weight. Conversely, oil and protein content were inversely correlated in most of yielded mutant lines. Together, those findings introduce novel soybean lines with favorable agronomic traits for the market. In addition, our research sheds light on the value of using gamma rays treatment in enhancing genetic variability in soybean and improving oil, protein contents and seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geehan Mohsen
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Said S. Soliman
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elsayed I. Mahgoub
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tarik A. Ismail
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khairiah M. Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production, (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Rahma Alshamrani
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama O. Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wael F. Shehata
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Production Department of, College of Environmental Agricultural Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
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9
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Hernandez-Patlan D, Tellez-Isaias G, Hernandez-Velasco X, Solis-Cruz B. Editorial: Technological strategies to improve animal health and production. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1206170. [PMID: 37292431 PMCID: PMC10244759 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1206170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernandez-Patlan
- Laboratorio 5: Laboratorio de Ensayos de Desarrollo Farmacéutico (LEDEFAR), Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
- División de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Valle de México, Tultitlan, Mexico
| | | | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bruno Solis-Cruz
- Laboratorio 5: Laboratorio de Ensayos de Desarrollo Farmacéutico (LEDEFAR), Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
- División de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Valle de México, Tultitlan, Mexico
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10
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Farsi RM. The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's: Molecular Defects and Mitophagy-Enhancing Approaches. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040970. [PMID: 37109499 PMCID: PMC10142261 DOI: 10.3390/life13040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive and chronic neurodegenerative syndrome, is categorized by cognitive and memory damage caused by the aggregations of abnormal proteins, specifically including Tau proteins and β-amyloid in brain tissue. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunctions are the principal causes of AD, which is associated with mitophagy impairment. Investigations exploring pharmacological therapies alongside AD have explicitly concentrated on molecules accomplished in preventing/abolishing the gatherings of the abovementioned proteins and mitochondria damages. Mitophagy is the removal of dead mitochondria by the autophagy process. Damages in mitophagy, the manner of diversified mitochondrial degeneracy by autophagy resulting in an ongoing aggregation of malfunctioning mitochondria, were also suggested to support AD. Recently, plentiful reports have suggested a link between defective mitophagy and AD. This treaty highlights updated outlines of modern innovations and developments on mitophagy machinery dysfunctions in AD brains. Moreover, therapeutic and nanotherapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction are also presented in this review. Based on the significant role of diminished mitophagy in AD, we suggest that the application of different therapeutic approaches aimed at stimulating mitophagy in AD would be beneficial for targeting or reducing the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Farsi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21462, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Abdelghaffar AM, Soliman SS, Ismail TA, Alzohairy AM, Latef AAHA, Alharbi K, Al-Khayri JM, Aljuwayzi NIM, El-Moneim DA, Hassanin AA. In Vitro Propagation of Three Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varieties Using Immature Female Inflorescences. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:644. [PMID: 36771727 PMCID: PMC9919907 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Immature female inflorescences are promising materials for use as explants for the tissue culture of date palm. Four types of MS media were used in this study during the four micropropagation stages-starting media (SM), maturation media (MM), multiplication media (PM) and rooting media (RM)-to micropropagate three elite date palm varieties, Amri, Magdoul and Barhy using the immature female inflorescences as explant. The highest percentage of callus induction in all the varieties studied was obtained on the SM1 (9 µM 2,4-D + 5.7 µM IAA + 10 µM NAA). Culturing on the MM1 (4.5 µM 2,4-D + 9.8 µM 2-iP + 1.5 AC) allowed us to obtain the best value in terms of callus weight. After culturing on the PM1 (4.4 µM BA + 9.8 µM 2-iP) produced the highest numbers of somatic embryos and shoots. The explants on RM2 (0.5 µM NAA + 1.25 µM IBA + 3 g AC) showed the highest root numbers and root lengths, while the highest shoot length was achieved on RM3 (0.5 µM NAA + 0.5 µM IBA + 3 g AC). The Amri variety presented the best response among the three varieties in all parameters, followed by the Magdoul and Barhy varieties. In all the stages of micropropagation, the analysis of variance revealed highly significant variations among varieties and culture media, and a significant difference in the number of roots during the rooting stage. The results also showed non-significant differences in the interaction between varieties and culture media, except for shoot length in the rooting stage. The results also reveal the broad sense heritability ranging from low to high for the measured parameters. It can be concluded that the immature female inflorescences can be used as a productive explant source for successful date palm micropropagation using the SM1, MM1, PM1 and RM2 culture media. It can also be concluded that the success of date palm micropropagation not only depends on the concentrations of growth regulators, but also on their types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abdelghaffar
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Said. S. Soliman
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Tarek A. Ismail
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Alzohairy
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | | | - Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameel M. Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Ibrahim M. Aljuwayzi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production, (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Abdallah. A. Hassanin
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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12
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Abdul Aziz M, Brini F, Rouached H, Masmoudi K. Genetically engineered crops for sustainably enhanced food production systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1027828. [PMID: 36426158 PMCID: PMC9680014 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification of crops has substantially focused on improving traits for desirable outcomes. It has resulted in the development of crops with enhanced yields, quality, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. With the advent of introducing favorable traits into crops, biotechnology has created a path for the involvement of genetically modified (GM) crops into sustainable food production systems. Although these plants heralded a new era of crop production, their widespread adoption faces diverse challenges due to concerns about the environment, human health, and moral issues. Mitigating these concerns with scientific investigations is vital. Hence, the purpose of the present review is to discuss the deployment of GM crops and their effects on sustainable food production systems. It provides a comprehensive overview of the cultivation of GM crops and the issues preventing their widespread adoption, with appropriate strategies to overcome them. This review also presents recent tools for genome editing, with a special focus on the CRISPR/Cas9 platform. An outline of the role of crops developed through CRSIPR/Cas9 in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030 is discussed in detail. Some perspectives on the approval of GM crops are also laid out for the new age of sustainability. The advancement in molecular tools through plant genome editing addresses many of the GM crop issues and facilitates their development without incorporating transgenic modifications. It will allow for a higher acceptance rate of GM crops in sustainable agriculture with rapid approval for commercialization. The current genetic modification of crops forecasts to increase productivity and prosperity in sustainable agricultural practices. The right use of GM crops has the potential to offer more benefit than harm, with its ability to alleviate food crises around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mughair Abdul Aziz
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al−Ain, Abu−Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faical Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Michigan State University, Plant and Soil Science Building, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al−Ain, Abu−Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Ghareeb YE, Soliman SS, Ismail TA, Hassan MA, Abdelkader MA, Abdel Latef AAH, Al-Khayri JM, ALshamrani SM, Safhi FA, Awad MF, El-Moneim DA, Hassanin AA. Improvement of German Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita L.) for Mechanical Harvesting, High Flower Yield and Essential Oil Content Using Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2940. [PMID: 36365394 PMCID: PMC9653700 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chamomile (Matricariarecutita L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants with various applications. The flowers and flower heads are the main organs inthe production of essential oil. The essential improvement goals of chamomile are considered to be high flower yield and oil content, as well asthe suitability for mechanical harvesting. The present study aimed to improve the flower yield, oil content and mechanical harvestability of German chamomile via chemical and physical mutagens. Three German chamomile populations (Fayum, Benysuif and Menia) were irradiated with 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gray doses of gamma rays, as well as chemically mutagenized using 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003 mol/mL of sodium azide for 4 h. The two mutagens produced a wide range of changes in the flowers' shape and size. At M3 generation, 18 mutants (11 from gamma irradiation and 7 from sodium azide mutagenization) were selected and morphologically characterized. Five out of eighteen mutants were selected for morphological and chemical characterization for oil content, oil composition and oil quality in M4 generation. Two promising mutants, F/LF5-2-1 and B/HNOF 8-4-2, were selected based on their performance in most studied traits during three generations, as well as the high percentage of cut efficiency and a homogenous flower horizon, which qualify them as suitable candidates for mechanical harvesting. The two mutants are late flowering elite mutants; the F/LF5-2-1 mutant possessed the highest oil content (1.77%) and number of flowers/plant (1595), while the second promising B/HNOF 8-4-2 mutant hada high oil content (1.29%) and chamazulene percentage (13.98%) compared to control plants. These results suggest that the B/HNOF 8-4-2 and F/LF5-2-1 mutants could be integrated as potential parents into breeding programs for a high number of flowers, high oil content, oil composition and oil color traits for German chamomile improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser E. Ghareeb
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Said S. Soliman
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Tarek A. Ismail
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Hassan
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Abdelkader
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | | | - Jameel M. Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salha M. ALshamrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production, (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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14
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Hassanin AA, Osman A, Atallah OO, El-Saadony MT, Abdelnour SA, Taha HSA, Awad MF, Elkashef H, Ahmed AE, Abd El-Rahim I, Mohamed A, Eldomiaty AS. Phylogenetic comparative analysis: Chemical and biological features of caseins (alpha-S-1, alpha-S-2, beta- and kappa-) in domestic dairy animals. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:952319. [PMID: 36187819 PMCID: PMC9519386 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.952319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseins determine the physicochemical, physiological, and biological characteristics of milk. Four caseins—alpha-S-1, alpha-S-2, beta, and kappa—were analyzed phylogenetically and in silico and characterized regarding chemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant features in five dairy animals: Arabian camels, sheep, goats, cattle, and water buffalos. The sequence of full-length amino acids of the four caseins for the five species was retracted from the NCBI GenBank database. Multiple sequence alignment is used to examine further the candidate sequences for phylogenetic analysis using Clustal X and NJ-Plot tools. The results revealed that sheep and goats possess strong similarities (98.06%) because of their common ancestor. The same was observed with cattle and water buffalos (96.25%). The Arabian camel was located in a single subclade due to low similarity in casein residues and compositions with other dairy animals. Protein modeling showed that alpha-S1- and alpha-S2-caseins possess the highest number of phosphoserine residues. The in silico computed chemical properties showed that β-casein recorded highest hydrophobicity index and lowest basic amino acid content, while α-S2-casein showed the opposite. The computed biological parameters revealed that α-S2-casein presented the highest bactericidal stretches. Only Arabian camel β-casein and k-casein showed one bactericidal stretches. The analysis also revealed that β-casein, particularly in Arabian camels, possesses the highest antioxidant activity index. These results support the importance of the bioinformatics resources to determine milk casein micelles' chemical and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Abdallah A. Hassanin
| | - Ali Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Osama Osman Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
| | - Sameh A. Abdelnour
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Heba S. A. Taha
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Elkashef
- Dairy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Abd El-Rahim
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S. Eldomiaty
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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15
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Al-Khayri JM, Mahdy EMB, Taha HSA, Eldomiaty AS, Abd-Elfattah MA, Abdel Latef AAH, Rezk AA, Shehata WF, Almaghasla MI, Shalaby TA, Sattar MN, Ghazzawy HS, Awad MF, Alali KM, Jain SM, Hassanin AA. Genetic and Morphological Diversity Assessment of Five Kalanchoe Genotypes by SCoT, ISSR and RAPD-PCR Markers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11131722. [PMID: 35807674 PMCID: PMC9268761 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Determining the appropriate parents for breeding programs is the most important decision that plant breeders must make to maximize the genetic variability and produce excellent recombinant genotypes. Several methods are used to identify genotypes with desirable phenotypic features for breeding experiments. In this study, five kalanchoe genotypes were morphologically characterized by assessing plant height, number of inflorescences, number of flowers, flower length, flower diameter and number of petals. The analysis showed the distinction of yellow kalanchoe in the plant height trait, while the orange kalanchoe was distinguished in the number of inflorescences, the number of flowers and flower length traits, whereas the violet kalanchoe possessed the largest flower diameter and the highest number of petals. The molecular profiling was performed by random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tools. Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves and the PCR reactions were performed using ten primers for each SCoT, ISSR and RAPD marker. Only four out of ten primers showed amplicon profiles in all PCR markers. A total of 70 bands were generated by SCoT, ISSR and RAPD-PCR with 35 polymorphic bands and 35 monomorphic bands. The total number of bands of RAPD, ISSR and SCoT was 15, 17 and 38, respectively. The polymorphism percentages achieved by RAPD, ISSR and SCoT were 60.25%, 15% and 57%, respectively. The cluster analysis based on morphological data revealed two clusters. Cluster I consisted of violet and orange kalanchoe, and cluster II comprised red, yellow and purple kalanchoe. Whereas the cluster analysis based on molecular data revealed three clusters. Cluster I included only yellow kalanchoe, cluster II comprised orange and violet kalanchoe while cluster III comprised red, and purple kalanchoe. The study concluded that orange, violet and yellow kalanchoe are distinguished parents for breeding economically valued traits in kalanchoe. Also, the study concluded that SCoT and RAPD markers reproduced reliable banding patterns to assess the genetic polymorphism among kalanchoe genotypes that consider the basis stone for genetic improvements in ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M. Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.R.); (W.F.S.); (K.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-K.); (A.A.H.A.L.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Ehab M. B. Mahdy
- National Gene Bank (NGB), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Heba S. A. Taha
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; (H.S.A.T.); (A.S.E.)
| | - Ahmed S. Eldomiaty
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; (H.S.A.T.); (A.S.E.)
| | | | - Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-K.); (A.A.H.A.L.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Adel A. Rezk
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.R.); (W.F.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Wael F. Shehata
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.R.); (W.F.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Mustafa I. Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (T.A.S.)
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek A. Shalaby
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (T.A.S.)
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Muhammad N. Sattar
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham S. Ghazzawy
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid M. Alali
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.R.); (W.F.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Shri Mohan Jain
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; (H.S.A.T.); (A.S.E.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-K.); (A.A.H.A.L.); (A.A.H.)
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16
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Assessment of the R2R3 MYB gene expression profile during tomato fruit development using in silico, quantitative and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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