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Turco S, Drais MI, Rossini L, Di Sora N, Brugneti F, Speranza S, Contarini M, Mazzaglia A. Genomic and Pathogenic Characterization of Akanthomyces muscarius Isolated from Living Mite Infesting Hazelnut Big Buds. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:993. [PMID: 39202354 PMCID: PMC11354060 DOI: 10.3390/genes15080993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The capability of entomopathogenic fungi to live as plant endophytes is well established. However, their presence in undiscovered environmental niches represents the beginning of a new challenging research journey. Recently, Akanthomyces muscarius (Ascomycota, Cordycipitaceae) (Petch) Spatafora, Kepler & B. Shrestha was isolated from hazelnut buds infested by the big bud mite pest Phytoptus avellanae Nalepa, which makes the buds swollen, reddish, and unable to further develop. Gall formation is known to be regulated by a consortium of microbes and mites, and to better understand the possible role of A. muscarius within the infested gall, its whole genome sequence was obtained using a hybrid approach of Illumina and Nanopore reads. The functional and comparative genomics analysis provided within this study may help answer questions related to the ecology and the entomopathogenicity of this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Turco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (M.I.D.); (N.D.S.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Mounira Inas Drais
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (M.I.D.); (N.D.S.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Luca Rossini
- Service d’Automatique et d’Analyse des Systèmes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolò Di Sora
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (M.I.D.); (N.D.S.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Federico Brugneti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (M.I.D.); (N.D.S.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Stefano Speranza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (M.I.D.); (N.D.S.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.C.); (A.M.)
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE, CONICET-UNLP), La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Mario Contarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (M.I.D.); (N.D.S.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Angelo Mazzaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (M.I.D.); (N.D.S.); (F.B.); (S.S.); (M.C.); (A.M.)
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Shahbaz M, Palaniveloo K, Tan YS, Palasuberniam P, Ilyas N, Wiart C, Seelan JSS. Entomopathogenic fungi in crops protection with an emphasis on bioactive metabolites and biological activities. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:217. [PMID: 38806748 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant pathogens with their abundance are harmful and cause huge damage to different agricultural crops and economy of a country as well as lead towards the shortage of food for humans. For their management, the utilization of entomopathogenic fungi is an eco-friendly technique, sustainable to the environment, safe for humans and has promising effect over chemical-based pesticides. This process requires a biochemical mechanism, including the production of enzymes, toxins, and other metabolites that facilitate host infection and invasion. Essential enzymes such as chitinase, proteinase, and lipase play a direct role in breaking down the host cuticle, the primary barrier to EPF (Entomopathogenic Fungi) infection. Additionally, secondary metabolites such as destruxins in Metarhizium, beauvericin in Beauveria, hirsutellides in Hirsutella, isarolides in Isaria, cordyols in Cordyceps, and vertihemipterins in Verticillium, among others, act both directly and indirectly to disable the defense mechanisms of insect hosts, thereby accelerating the EPF infection process. The chemical composition of these secondary metabolites varies, ranging from simple non-peptide pigments such as oosporine to highly complex piperazine derivatives such as vertihemiptellides. The biocontrol efficacy of EPF is extensively studied, with numerous fungal strains commercially available on a large scale for managing arthropod pests. This review emphasizes the role of proteins and enzymes against crop pathogens, detailing their mode of action, and describing the metabolites from entomopathogenic fungi and their biological activities. In doing so, these findings contribute to establishing a symbiotic equilibrium between agricultural productivity and environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Shin Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Praneetha Palasuberniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Ahsan SM, Injamum-Ul-Hoque M, Das AK, Rahman MM, Mollah MMI, Paul NC, Choi HW. Plant-Entomopathogenic Fungi Interaction: Recent Progress and Future Prospects on Endophytism-Mediated Growth Promotion and Biocontrol. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1420. [PMID: 38794490 PMCID: PMC11124879 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi, often acknowledged primarily for their insecticidal properties, fulfill diverse roles within ecosystems. These roles encompass endophytism, antagonism against plant diseases, promotion of the growth of plants, and inhabitation of the rhizosphere, occurring both naturally and upon artificial inoculation, as substantiated by a growing body of contemporary research. Numerous studies have highlighted the beneficial aspects of endophytic colonization. This review aims to systematically organize information concerning the direct (nutrient acquisition and production of phytohormones) and indirect (resistance induction, antibiotic and secondary metabolite production, siderophore production, and mitigation of abiotic and biotic stresses) implications of endophytic colonization. Furthermore, a thorough discussion of these mechanisms is provided. Several challenges, including isolation complexities, classification of novel strains, and the impact of terrestrial location, vegetation type, and anthropogenic reluctance to use fungal entomopathogens, have been recognized as hurdles. However, recent advancements in biotechnology within microbial research hold promising solutions to many of these challenges. Ultimately, the current constraints delineate potential future avenues for leveraging endophytic fungal entomopathogens as dual microbial control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Ahsan
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
| | - Md. Injamum-Ul-Hoque
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.I.-U.-H.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (M.I.-U.-H.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Md. Mahi Imam Mollah
- Department of Entomology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh;
| | - Narayan Chandra Paul
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Cannabis Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
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Hajek AE, Everest TA, Clifton EH. Accumulation of Fungal Pathogens Infecting the Invasive Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula. INSECTS 2023; 14:912. [PMID: 38132586 PMCID: PMC10871119 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the eastern United States, populations of the invasive spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, are abundant and spreading. Four species of naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi have previously been reported as infecting these planthoppers, with two of these causing epizootics. Nymphal- and adult-stage lanternflies in Pennsylvania and New York were surveyed for entomopathogenic fungal infections from October 2021 to November 2023, and assays were conducted to confirm the pathogenicity of species that were potentially pathogenic. Beauveria bassiana was the most abundant pathogen, but we report an additional 15 previously unreported species of entomopathogenic fungi infecting spotted lanternflies, all in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota). The next most common pathogens were Fusarium fujikuroi and Sarocladium strictum. While infection prevalence by species was often low, probably impacted to some extent by the summer drought in 2022, together these pathogens caused a total of 6.7% mortality. A significant trend was evident over time within a season, with low levels of infection among nymphs and higher infection levels in mid- and late-stage adults, the stages when mating and oviposition occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (T.A.E.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Thomas A. Everest
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (T.A.E.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Eric H. Clifton
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (T.A.E.); (E.H.C.)
- Research & Development, BioWorks Inc., Victor, NY 14564, USA
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