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Prabhu V, Mangla R, Acharya I, Handa A, Thadani A, Parmar Y, Yadav NK, Chhablani J, Venkatesh R. Evaluation of baseline optic disc pit and optic disc coloboma maculopathy features by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Int J Retina Vitreous 2023; 9:46. [PMID: 37550787 PMCID: PMC10405376 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-023-00484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to describe and compare the baseline demographic, ocular, and imaging characteristics of a cohort of patients with optic disc pit (ODP) or optic disc coloboma (ODC) maculopathy. METHODS This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with ODP or ODC on clinical examination between June 2017 and December 2022. These patients' baseline demographics, ocular characteristics, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS Fundus examination revealed 11 eyes of 11 patients with ODP and 14 eyes of 9 patients with ODC, respectively. On OCT, maculopathy was observed more frequently in ODP (n = 10) than in ODC (n = 4) [p = 0.004] cases. Eyes with ODP were more likely to exhibit retinoschisis and/or serous macular detachment [SMD] (n = 7, 70%), communication of the retinoschisis with the optic disc (p = 0.015), whereas the SMD did not communicate with the optic disc (p = 0.005), and significant outer retinal layer thinning (p = 0.015). In contrast, eyes with ODC exhibited only SMD (p = 0.005) and no retinoschisis on the non-colobomatous retina. SMD in ODC communicated with the margin of the optic disc. In both clinical entities, hyperreflective foci were observed in the SMD. CONCLUSION In summary, baseline maculopathy characteristics on OCT, including its type, location, and relationship to the optic disc, are among the most distinguishing characteristics between an ODP and an ODC. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishma Prabhu
- Medical Retina and Vitreoretinal Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop Street, Suite 800, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rubble Mangla
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, #121/C, Chord Road, 1st R block Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore, 560010, India
| | - Isha Acharya
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, #121/C, Chord Road, 1st R block Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore, 560010, India
| | - Ashit Handa
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, #121/C, Chord Road, 1st R block Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore, 560010, India
| | - Atul Thadani
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, #121/C, Chord Road, 1st R block Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore, 560010, India
| | - Yash Parmar
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, #121/C, Chord Road, 1st R block Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore, 560010, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Yadav
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, #121/C, Chord Road, 1st R block Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore, 560010, India
| | - Jay Chhablani
- Medical Retina and Vitreoretinal Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 203 Lothrop Street, Suite 800, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ramesh Venkatesh
- Dept. of Retina and Vitreous, #121/C, Chord Road, 1st R block Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore, 560010, India.
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Buonfiglio F, Böhm EW, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative Stress: A Suitable Therapeutic Target for Optic Nerve Diseases? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1465. [PMID: 37508003 PMCID: PMC10376185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve disorders encompass a wide spectrum of conditions characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent degeneration of the optic nerve. The etiology of these disorders can vary significantly, but emerging research highlights the crucial role of oxidative stress, an imbalance in the redox status characterized by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in driving cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. This review provides an overview of ROS-related processes underlying four extensively studied optic nerve diseases: glaucoma, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), and optic neuritis (ON). Furthermore, we present preclinical findings on antioxidants, with the objective of evaluating the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
| | | | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
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Thool AR, Selukar KV, Daigavane SV. Confounder for Optic Disc Evaluation in Glaucoma. Cureus 2023; 15:e34621. [PMID: 36891028 PMCID: PMC9987172 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital disc anomalies like optic disc coloboma or optic disc pit are rare occurrences. Coloboma involving disc or optic disc coloboma occurs due to defective closure of choroidal fissure, which can be unilateral or bilateral. These anomalies are discovered on routine examination or referred to as an open-angle glaucoma suspect. These anomalies can be asymptomatic or may present with visual field defects. Here we report a case of both eyes angle closure glaucoma with incidental finding of unilateral coloboma involving disc in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography of the optic nerve head showed peripapillary nerve fiber loss. Thus assessing such patients for diagnosis and the progression of visual field defects in managing glaucoma is quite challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana R Thool
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Kanchan V Selukar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sachin V Daigavane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Soliman SE, Wan MJ, Pennal A, Pope E, Mireskandari K. Ophthalmic involvement in PHACES syndrome: prevalence, spectrum of anomalies, and outcomes. J AAPOS 2022; 26:129.e1-129.e7. [PMID: 35550864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To highlight prevalence, spectrum of anomalies, and outcome of ophthalmic involvement in PHACES syndrome (posterior fossa malformations, infantile hemangiomas, arterial, cardiac, eye, and sternal anomalies). METHODS A retrospective, noncomparative, single-institution observational case series of children with PHACES was conducted from 2000 to 2019. Data on ocular presentations, interventions and visual outcomes were collected. Primary outcome measures were the frequency and spectrum of ocular involvement. Secondary outcomes were final visual acuity, long-term ocular sequelae, and frequency of surgical interventions. RESULTS A total of 43 infants had PHACES, of whom 29 (67%) had periocular infantile facial hemangiomas (IFH) and 6 (14%) had primary ocular anomalies that were always ipsilateral to the IFH. Five patients (12%) met ocular PHACES-specific diagnostic criteria, including optic nerve (3), retinal vascular (1) and lenticular (2) anomalies. Non-PHACES-specific abnormalities were Peters anomaly (1), persistent pupillary membranes (2), dysmorphic optic nerves (1), and iris/choroidal hemangiomas (2). IFH-related periocular abnormalities were frequent: ptosis (29), proptosis (9), strabismus (6). Surgery was required in 8 of the 29 children: (strabismus [6], entropion [2], ptosis [2], and optical iridectomy [1]), all of whom had orbital/conjunctival hemangioma (P = 0.03). Final visual acuity (follow-up, 8.7 years) ranged between 20/20 and 20/80 in 26 of 29 patients. All patients with visual acuity worse than 20/200 (3/29 [10%]) had structural anomalies. CONCLUSIONS Two-thirds of infants with PHACES have periocular IFH causing vision compromising complications of amblyopia and strabismus. Structural ocular anomalies exist in 1 of 7 patients and are always ipsilateral to the IFH. Long-term ophthalmic monitoring and management is required, and the majority of patients obtain good visual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh E Soliman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Michael J Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexandra Pennal
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elena Pope
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kamiar Mireskandari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Waisberg E, Micieli JA. Neuro-Ophthalmological Optic Nerve Cupping: An Overview. Eye Brain 2021; 13:255-268. [PMID: 34934377 PMCID: PMC8684388 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s272343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve cupping or enlargement of the cup-to-disc ratio is widely recognized as a feature of glaucoma, however it may also occur in non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies. The most well-recognized non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies that cause cupping include compressive optic neuropathies, arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathies, hereditary optic neuropathies, and optic neuritis. Cupping is thought to consist of two main components: prelaminar and laminar thinning. The former is a shallow form of cupping and related to loss of retinal ganglion cells, whereas the latter involves damage to the lamina cribrosa and peripapillary scleral connective tissue. Differentiating glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous optic nerve cupping remains challenging even for experienced observers. Classically, the optic nerve in non-glaucomatous causes has pallor of the neuroretinal rim, but the optic nerve should not be examined in isolation. The patient’s medical history, history of presenting illness, visual function (visual acuity, color vision and visual field testing) and ocular examination also need to be considered. Ancillary testing such as optical coherence tomography of the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer may also be helpful in localizing the disease. In this review, we review the non-glaucomatous causes of cupping and provide an approach to evaluating a patient that presents with an enlarged cup-to-disc ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Waisberg
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Jonathan A Micieli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Almasaud J, Aledaili SA, Alshammari RS. Ocular Coloboma With Choroidal Neovascular Membrane: A Case Report. Cureus 2021; 13:e19521. [PMID: 34796081 PMCID: PMC8590112 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular coloboma (OC) is a rare congenital anomaly and a product of a defect in embryogenesis. It is the result of fetal fissure closure error that ends with a persistent cleft. Colobomas are generally accompanied by visual loss. In this article, we present a case of bilateral iris, disc, and retina coloboma that was managed with an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (ranibizumab), and as a result, caused regression of the choroidal neovascular membranes and improved the patient's visual acuity. However, The patient will need lifelong follow-up to catch any retinochoroidal changes or development of cataract or glaucoma.
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Hwang I, Ugarte M. Morning glory disc anomaly-associated maculopathy: multimodal imaging. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/1/e237462. [PMID: 33462012 PMCID: PMC7813365 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is most commonly found in white females in childhood with reduced vision. One in two cases have been reported to develop maculopathy or posterior pole retinal detachment as they grow older. The pathophysiology of MGDA-associated maculopathy is not well understood.We describe a 31-year-old black woman, who presented with gradual reduction of vision in the right eye due to MGDA-associated maculopathy. We identified morphological characteristics of the optic disc and macula with multicolour and optical coherence tomography imaging.We speculate that the centripetal inner retina traction and cerebrospinal fluid pressure fluctuation play an important role in inner retinal fluid accumulation in the pathology of retinoschisis in MGDA. Further studies will shed some light of a potential cause-and-effect relationship between MGDA and retinoschisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inae Hwang
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Marta Ugarte
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK,Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, UK
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El Hamichi S, Acón D, Murray TG, Berrocal AM. Multimodal Imaging of Large Optic Disc Coloboma: A Report of Three Cases. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2020; 11:612-619. [PMID: 33437236 PMCID: PMC7747067 DOI: 10.1159/000509848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic disc coloboma (ODC) is a rare congenital anomaly of the optic nerve. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) helps to monitor the complications when there is associated retinoschisis, retinal detachment, or peripapillary neovascularization, while being minimally invasive. OCT angiography could help to better understand this entity from a vascular perspective. We report multimodal imaging of 3 children with large ODC associated with cat eye syndrome, CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, heart defects, atresia choanae, growth retardation, genital abnormalities, and ear abnormalities), and branchio-oculo-facial syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia El Hamichi
- Murray Ocular Oncology and Retina, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dhariana Acón
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Audina M. Berrocal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- *Audina M. Berrocal, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Avenue, Suite 262, Miami, FL 33136 (USA),
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AUTOLOGOUS NEUROSENSORY RETINAL TRANSPLANT TO TREAT REFRACTORY SEROUS RETINAL DETACHMENT SECONDARY TO OPTIC DISC COLOBOMA. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2020; 16:606-609. [PMID: 32568957 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a novel surgical technique to treat refractory serous retinal detachment in a patient with an optic disc coloboma. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 32-year-old male patient with an optic disc coloboma in his right eye was referred for recurrent retinoschisis and serous macular detachment despite multiple vitrectomies. Previous surgical procedures included peeling of internal limiting membrane and juxtapapillary laser as well as different tamponade agents such as sulfur hexafluoride gas, standard silicone oil and heavy silicone oil. Our first approach to close the cavity using autologous platelet concentrate and gas tamponade was also unsuccessful with early recurrence of the submacular fluid. In a second attempt we used an autologous neurosensory retinal transplant to cover the optic disc cavity. At seventeen months follow-up, the macula was still attached. As a postoperative complication, the patient developed high intraocular pressure, for which laser cycloablation eventually was necessary. CONCLUSION Autologous neurosensory retinal transplant may be a reasonable treatment option for patients with recurrent optic disc cavity associated maculopathy.
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Yoon L, Kim HY, Kwak MJ, Park KH, Bae MH, Lee Y, Nam SO, Choi HY, Kim YM. Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Children With Strabismus. J Child Neurol 2019; 34:574-581. [PMID: 31111751 DOI: 10.1177/0883073819846807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain can provide valuable information about structural abnormalities in strabismus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of MRI in this regard and to identify risk factors for abnormal MRI results in children with strabismus. METHODS A retrospective analysis of children <18 years of age presenting with strabismus, who underwent brain MRI at Pusan National University Hospital (Busan, Korea) between January 2012 and March 2017, was performed. Clinical characteristics, MRI results, and ophthalmologic findings were reviewed. Findings were classified as normal or abnormal according to MRI results. Additionally, patients were divided according to age to compare characteristics of infantile and childhood strabismus. RESULTS A total of 90 patients (47 [52.2%] male, 43 [47.8%] female; mean age, 2.19 ± 0.53 years) were enrolled. Of those, 64 (71.1%) presented with normal and 26 (28.9%) with abnormal MRI results. The age at presentation was lower and abnormal findings on fundus examination were more common in the abnormal MRI group (P = .002 and P = .008, respectively). Among the patients, 46 (51.1%) had infantile strabismus and 44 (48.9%) had childhood strabismus. Global developmental delays, speech delays, and MRI abnormalities were more common in patients with infantile than in those with childhood strabismus. Ptosis and headaches were more common in patients with childhood strabismus (P = .025, P = .025, respectively). CONCLUSION Brain MRI was helpful for accurate diagnosis and treatment of strabismus in younger children, those with abnormal findings on fundus examination, and infants with developmental, especially speech, delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lira Yoon
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kwak
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea
| | - Mi Hye Bae
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yunjin Lee
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang Ook Nam
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hee Young Choi
- 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea
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The analysis of posterior segment findings in term and premature infants using RetCam images. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:1879-1886. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Promelle V, Iscar C, Grenot M, Gondry-Jouet C, Milazzo S. Les anomalies congénitales de la papille : un diagnostic différentiel du glaucome congénital. J Fr Ophtalmol 2017; 40:e35-e36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Oyama J, Mori K, Imamura M, Mizushima Y, Tateishi U. Size of the intracranial optic nerve and optic tract in neonates at term-equivalent age at magnetic resonance imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46:527-33. [PMID: 26646150 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-015-3495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expected MRI-based dimensions of the intracranial optic nerve and optic tract in neonates are unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sizes of the intracranial optic nerve and optic tract in neonates at term-equivalent age using MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed brain MRI examinations in 62 infants (28 boys) without intracranial abnormalities. The images were obtained in infants at term-equivalent age with a 1.5-tesla MRI scanner. We measured the widths and heights of the intracranial optic nerve and optic tract and calculated the cross-sectional areas using the formula for an ellipse. RESULTS The means ± standard deviation of the width, height and cross-sectional area of the intracranial optic nerve were 2.7 ± 0.2 mm, 1.7 ± 0.2 mm and 3.5 ± 0.5 mm(2), respectively. The width, height and cross-sectional area of the optic tract were 1.5 ± 0.1 mm, 1.6 ± 0.1 mm and 2.0 ± 0.2 mm(2), respectively. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we found that postmenstrual age showed independent intermediate positive correlations with the width (r = 0.48, P < 0.01) and cross-sectional area (r = 0.40, P < 0.01) of the intracranial optic nerve. The lower bounds of the 95% prediction intervals for the width and cross-sectional area of the intracranial optic nerve were 0.07 × (postmenstrual age in weeks) - 0.46 mm, and 0.17 × (postmenstrual age in weeks) - 4.0 mm(2), respectively. CONCLUSION We identified the sizes of the intracranial optic nerve and optic tract in neonates at term-equivalent age. The postmenstrual age at MRI independently positively correlated with the sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Oyama
- Department of Radiology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, 11-7 Manabeshinmachi, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, 300-0053, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Mori
- Department of Radiology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, 11-7 Manabeshinmachi, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, 300-0053, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Imamura
- Department of Neonatology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mizushima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ukihide Tateishi
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Highlights in neuro-ophthalmology. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2015; 29:1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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