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Tan BJW, Pang XL, Png S, Zhou ZD, Tan EK. Genetic Association Studies in Restless Legs Syndrome: Risk Variants & Ethnic Differences. Can J Neurol Sci 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38267254 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2024.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic association studies have not produced consistent results in restless legs syndrome (RLS). OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review on genetic association studies in RLS to highlight the common gene variants and ethnic differences. METHODOLOGY We conducted Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane search using terms "Genetic association studies" and "restless legs syndrome" for candidate gene-based studies. Out of the initial 43 studies, 18 case control studies (from 2012 to 2022) were included. Thirteen studies including 10794 Caucasian subjects (4984 RLS cases and 5810 controls) and five studies involving 2009 Asian subjects (796 RLS cases and 1213 controls) were tabulated and analyzed. In addition, three Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in Asians and Europeans/Caucasians were included for comparisons. RESULTS In the Asian population, gene variants in BST1, SNCA Rep1, IL1B, BTBD9, and MAP2K5/SKOR1 increased the risk of RLS (odds ratio range 1.2-2.8). In Caucasian populations, examples of variants that were associated with an increased risk of RLS (odds ratio range 1.1-1.9) include those in GABRR3 TOX3, ADH1B, HMOX1, GLO1, DCDC2C, BTBD9, SKOR1, and SETBP1. Based on the meta-analysis of GWAS studies, the rs9390170 variant in UTRN gene was identified to be a novel genetic marker for RLS in Asian cohorts, whereas rs113851554 in MEIS1 gene was a strong genetic factor among the >20 identified gene variants for RLS in Caucasian populations. CONCLUSION Our systemic review demonstrates that multiple genetic variants modulate risk of RLS in Caucasians (such as MEIS1 BTBD9, MAP2K5) and in Asians (such as BTBD9, MAP2K5, and UTRN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Jen-Wei Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin-Ler Pang
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah Png
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- The Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- The Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Gómez-Tabales J, Alonso-Navarro H, Rodríguez C, Turpín-Fenoll L, Millán-Pascual J, Álvarez I, Pastor P, Calleja M, García-Ruiz R, Navarro-Muñoz S, Recio-Bermejo M, Plaza-Nieto JF, García-Albea E, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. LAG3/CD4 Genes Variants and the Risk for Restless Legs Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314795. [PMID: 36499121 PMCID: PMC9739762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
According to several studies, inflammatory factors could be related to the pathogenesis of idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS). In addition, RLS and Parkinson's disease (PD) have shown a possible relationship, and recent studies have shown an association between CD4 rs1922452 and CD4 rs951818 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and the risk for PD. For these reasons, we investigated the possible association between common variants in the LAG3/CD4 genes (which encoded proteins involved in inflammatory and autoimmune responses) and the risk for RLS in a Caucasian Spanish population. We assessed the frequencies of CD4 rs1922452, CD4 rs951818, and LAG3 rs870849 genotypes and allelic variants in 285 patients with idiopathic RLS and 350 healthy controls using a specific TaqMan-based qPCR assay. We also analyzed the possible influence of the genotypes' frequencies on several variables, including age at onset of RLS, gender, family history of RLS, and response to drugs commonly used in the treatment of RLS. We found a lack of association between the frequencies of genotypes and allelic variants of the 3 SNVs studied and the risk of RLS, and a weak though significant association between the CD4 rs1922452 GG genotype and an older age at onset of RLS. With the exception of this association, our findings suggest that common SNVs in the CD4/LAG3 genes are not associated with the risk of developing idiopathic RLS in Caucasian Spanish people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, E28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-636-968-395
| | - Javier Gómez-Tabales
- ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Christopher Rodríguez
- ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Laura Turpín-Fenoll
- Section of Neurology, Hospital La Mancha-Centro, E13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
| | - Jorge Millán-Pascual
- Section of Neurology, Hospital La Mancha-Centro, E13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
| | - Ignacio Álvarez
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, E08221 Terrassa, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, E08221 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, E08221 Terrassa, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, E08221 Terrassa, Spain
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, E08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Marisol Calleja
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, E28500 Arganda del Rey, Spain
| | - Rafael García-Ruiz
- Section of Neurology, Hospital La Mancha-Centro, E13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
| | | | - Marta Recio-Bermejo
- Section of Neurology, Hospital La Mancha-Centro, E13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
| | | | - Esteban García-Albea
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, Universidad de Alcalá, E28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Schormair B, Zhao C, Salminen AV, Oexle K, Winkelmann J. Reassessment of candidate gene studies for idiopathic restless legs syndrome in a large genome-wide association study dataset of European ancestry. Sleep 2022; 45:6576194. [PMID: 35486972 PMCID: PMC9366638 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
Several candidate gene studies have been published for idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) in populations of European ancestry, but the reported associations have not been confirmed in independent samples. Our aim was to reassess these findings in a large case–control dataset in order to evaluate their validity.
Methods
We screened PubMed for RLS candidate gene studies. We used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of the International EU-RLS-GENE Consortium as our replication sample, which provided genome-wide single-variant association data based on at most 17 220 individuals of European ancestry. We performed additional gene-based tests using the software MAGMA and assessed the power of our study using the genpwr R package.
Results
We identified 14 studies conducted in European samples which assessed 45 variants in 27 genes of which 5 variants had been reported as significantly associated. None of these individual variants were replicated in our GWAS-based reassessment (nominal p > 0.05) and gene-based tests for the respective five genes ADH1B, GABRR3, HMOX1, MAOA, and VDR, were also nonsignificant (nominal p > 0.05). Our replication dataset was well powered to detect the reported effects, even when adjusting for effect size overestimation due to winner’s curse. Power estimates were close to 100% for all variants.
Conclusion
In summary, none of the significant single-variant associations from candidate gene studies were confirmed in our GWAS dataset. Therefore, these associations were likely false positive. Our observations emphasize the need for large sample sizes and stringent significance thresholds in future association studies for RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schormair
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Neuherberg , Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Aaro V Salminen
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Neuherberg , Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Neuherberg , Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
- Chair of Neurogenetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) , Munich , Germany
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Agúndez BG, Gómez-Tabales J, Alonso-Navarro H, Turpín-Fenoll L, Millán-Pascual J, Díez-Fairén M, Álvarez I, Pastor P, Calleja M, García-Ruiz R, Navarro-Muñoz S, Recio-Bermejo M, Plaza-Nieto JF, García-Albea E, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Common Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms are not Related With the Risk for Restless Legs Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:618989. [PMID: 33732155 PMCID: PMC7959806 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction could play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS), as was suggested by some preliminary data, we investigated the possible association between the rs2070744 variants in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS or NOS3) gene (chromosome 7q36.1) and the risk for RLS in a Caucasian Spanish population. We assessed the frequencies of NOS3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2070744, rs1799983, and rs79467411 genotypes and allelic variants in 273 patients with idiopathic RLS and 325 healthy controls using a TaqMan-based qPCR assay. We also analyzed the possible influence of genotype frequency on age at onset of RLS symptoms, gender, family history of RLS, and response to drugs commonly used in the treatment of RLS such as dopaminergic drugs, clonazepam, and GABAergic drugs. The frequencies of genotypes and allelic variants were not associated with the risk for RLS and were not influenced by gender, age, and positive family history of RLS. We identified weak statistical associations of the SNP rs1799983 with the response to dopamine agonists (Pc = 0.018 for the rs1799983 G/T genotype) and of the SNP rs79467411 with the response to clonazepam (Pc = 0.018 for the rs79467411 G allele), although these findings should be cautiously interpreted and require further confirmation. These associations aside, our findings suggest that common NOS3 SNPs are not associated with the risk for idiopathic RLS in Caucasian Spanish people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca G Agúndez
- UNEx, ARADyAL, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Tabales
- UNEx, ARADyAL, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Mónica Díez-Fairén
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Álvarez
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol Calleja
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Spain
| | - Rafael García-Ruiz
- Section of Neurology, Hospital La Mancha-Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Esteban García-Albea
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- UNEx, ARADyAL, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- UNEx, ARADyAL, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
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Serum vitamin D, vitamin D receptor and binding protein genes polymorphisms in restless legs syndrome. J Neurol 2020; 268:1461-1472. [PMID: 33219423 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Several studies showed lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) compared with matched controls, and a single study showed an association between the rs731236 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and the risk for RLS. We aimed to study the relationship between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and to confirm previous findings related to SNPs in the VDR and the GC vitamin D binding protein (GC) gene, with the risk for RLS in the Spanish Caucasian population. METHODS We genotyped 285 idiopathic RLS patients and 325 age and sex-matched controls for VDRrs2228750, VDRrs7975232, VDRrs739837, VDRrs78783628, GCrs7041 and GCrs4588 SNPs using TaqMan assays, and determined serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in 111 idiopathic RLS patients and 167 controls using an ELISA commercial kit. RESULTS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly higher in RLS patients than in controls but were unrelated with the 7 SNPs studied. None of the 7 SNPs analyzed was associated with the risk for idiopathic RLS or with a positive family history of RLS. However, RLS patients carrying the rs7975232CC genotype or the rs7975232C allele, had a higher frequency of response to GABAergic drugs. Associations between the age at onset and the severity of RLS with SNPs were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS This study shows an association between increased serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and a lack of association between 7 SNPs in the VDR and in the GC genes with RLS in the Spanish Caucasian population.
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Gómez-Tabales J, Alonso-Navarro H, Zurdo M, Turpín-Fenoll L, Millán-Pascual J, Adeva-Bartolomé T, Cubo E, Navacerrada F, Rojo-Sebastián A, Rubio L, Díez-Fairén M, Pastor P, Calleja M, Plaza-Nieto JF, Pilo-de-la-Fuente B, Arroyo-Solera M, García-Albea E, Agúndez JAG, García-Martín E. Association Between the rs1229984 Polymorphism in the Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B Gene and Risk for Restless Legs Syndrome. Sleep 2018; 40:4554483. [PMID: 29045753 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Several studies have raised the possibility of an association between alcohol consumption and the risk of developing restless legs syndrome (RLS). Moreover, an important percentage of patients under alcohol detoxification therapy develop RLS symptoms that fulfil the criteria for idiopathic RLS during alcohol withdrawal. We have aimed to establish the possible association between two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the alcohol-dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene and the risk for RLS. Methods We studied, using specific TaqMan assays, the genotype and allelic variant frequencies of ADH1B rs1229984 and ADH1B rs6413413 SNPs in 205 RLS patients and 505 gender-matched healthy controls. Results The sum of the frequencies of rs1229984CT and rs1229984TT genotypes, as well as the frequency of the rs1229984T allelic variant, was significantly higher in RLS patients than in controls, both in the whole group and in females. The frequencies of genotypes and allelic variants of the rs6413413 SNP were similar between the two groups. RLS patients with the rs1229984CT genotype were younger, and those with the rs122984TT genotype older, at onset of RLS symptoms than those with the rs1229984CC genotype. None of the studied SNPs were related either with positivity of family history for RLS or with RLS severity. Conclusions These results suggest an association between rs1229984 SNP and the risk for RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Spain.,Department of Medicine-Neurology, Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias," Universidad de Alcalá, Spain
| | | | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Spain.,Department of Medicine-Neurology, Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias," Universidad de Alcalá, Spain
| | - Martín Zurdo
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Esther Cubo
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Ana Rojo-Sebastián
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias," Universidad de Alcalá, Spain
| | - Lluisa Rubio
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias," Universidad de Alcalá, Spain
| | - Mónica Díez-Fairén
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Memory and Movement Disorders Units, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Memory and Movement Disorders Units, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Spain
| | - Marisol Calleja
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Esteban García-Albea
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias," Universidad de Alcalá, Spain
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Lin Y, Wang Y, Zhan S, Ding Y, Hou Y, Wang L, Wang Y. Impaired Sensorimotor Integration in Restless Legs Syndrome. Front Neurol 2018; 9:568. [PMID: 30050496 PMCID: PMC6050383 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a complicated sensorimotor syndrome that may be linked to changes in sensorimotor integration. The mechanism of such changes is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate sensorimotor integration in patients with RLS through transcranial magnetic stimulation-motor evoked potentials (TMS-MEPs) preceded by peripheral electric stimulation. Methods: Fourteen RLS patients and 12 healthy, age-matched controls were investigated. The clinical severity of RLS was evaluated based on the International Criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) severity scores. The tibial and median H-reflexes and the resting motor threshold (RMT) of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) were tested in all 26 subjects. The RMT of the tibialis anterior (TA) was tested in 8 patients and 7 controls. All 26 subjects underwent measurement of unconditioned MEPs of the APB. Electric pulses were applied to the right median nerve, followed by TMS pulses over the left motor cortex at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 20, 25, 30, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ms. Unconditioned MEPs of the TA were measured in 8 patients and 7 controls. Electric pulses were applied to the right peroneal nerve, followed by TMS pulses over the left motor cortex at ISIs of 30, 35, 45, 60, 100, and 200 ms. The degree of modulation of MEPs by electric stimulation was expressed as the ratio of the conditioned MEP amplitude to the unconditioned MEP amplitude. Ratios <1 indicated inhibition, and ratios >1 indicated facilitation. Results: No significant differences in RMT or H-reflex latencies or amplitudes were found between RLS patients and controls. A significant increase in unconditioned MEP amplitudes of the TA was observed in patients compared to controls (p = 0.03). Long-latency afferent inhibition (LAI) of the median nerve in RLS patients was decreased significantly at ISIs of 150 (p = 0.000) and 200 ms (p = 0.004). Upon peroneal nerve stimulation, no significant difference was observed between the two groups at any ISI. Conclusions: Our results suggest increased motor cortical excitability of the legs and disturbed sensorimotor integration in RLS patients; this disturbance might originate at the cortical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Renhe Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JA. Genetics of restless legs syndrome: An update. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 39:108-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors genes polymorphisms and risk for restless legs syndrome. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 18:565-577. [DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, García-Martín E, Alonso-Navarro H, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Ortega-Cubero S, Pastor P, Calleja M, Agúndez JAG. A family study of DRD3 rs6280, SLC1A2 rs3794087 and MAPT rs1052553 variants in essential tremor. Neurol Res 2016; 38:880-7. [PMID: 27456607 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1210355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Despite many data suggesting a role of genetic factors in the risk for essential tremor (ET), the responsible genes have not been identified. We analyzed in ET Spanish families three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): DRD3 rs6280, SLC1A2 rs3794087, and MAPT rs1052553) previously related to an increased risk for developing the disease. METHODS We recruited 45 subjects with ET and 13 subjects without tremor belonging to 11 families who were evaluated because of familial tremor. Diagnosis of probable or definite ET was done according to TRIG criteria. Genotyping of the 3 SNPs was done using TaqMan-based qPCR assays. Data were compared with those of healthy controls of our laboratory. Family-based association testing for disease traits was performed as well. RESULTS rs6280 and rs3794087 genotype and allelic frequencies did not differ significantly between subjects with ET and healthy controls. However, rs1052553AA genotype and the allele rs1052553A allele were significantly more frequent among ET patients. rs1052553A allele was non-significantly overrepresented in ET patients compared with controls when considering only the more severely affected member of each ET family. Family-based association test for disease traits showed lack of association between ET and the three SNPs studied. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a lack of association between rs6280 and rs3794087 with the risk for ET, though a marginal increased risk for ET was observed among the rs1052553A allele carriers, which was not confirmed with a family-based association study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- a Section of Neurology , Hospital Universitario del Sureste , Arganda del Rey , Spain.,b Department of Medicine-Neurology , Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Universidad de Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares , Spain
| | | | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- a Section of Neurology , Hospital Universitario del Sureste , Arganda del Rey , Spain.,b Department of Medicine-Neurology , Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Universidad de Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares , Spain
| | - Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- d Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences , Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,e Department of Neurology , Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia , Palencia , Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- d Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences , Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,e Department of Neurology , Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia , Palencia , Spain.,f CIBERNED,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- d Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences , Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain.,f CIBERNED,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,g Movement Disorders Unit, Deparment of of Neurology , Hospital Mutua de Terrassa , Terrassa , Spain
| | - Marisol Calleja
- a Section of Neurology , Hospital Universitario del Sureste , Arganda del Rey , Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- c Department of Pharmacology , Universidad de Extremadura , Cáceres , Spain
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León-Cachón RBR, Ascacio-Martínez JA, Gamino-Peña ME, Cerda-Flores RM, Meester I, Gallardo-Blanco HL, Gómez-Silva M, Piñeyro-Garza E, Barrera-Saldaña HA. A pharmacogenetic pilot study reveals MTHFR, DRD3, and MDR1 polymorphisms as biomarker candidates for slow atorvastatin metabolizers. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:74. [PMID: 26857559 PMCID: PMC4746878 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic variation underlying atorvastatin (ATV) pharmacokinetics was evaluated in a Mexican population. Aims of this study were: 1) to reveal the frequency of 87 polymorphisms in 36 genes related to drug metabolism in healthy Mexican volunteers, 2) to evaluate the impact of these polymorphisms on ATV pharmacokinetics, 3) to classify the ATV metabolic phenotypes of healthy volunteers, and 4) to investigate a possible association between genotypes and metabolizer phenotypes. Methods A pharmacokinetic study of ATV (single 80-mg dose) was conducted in 60 healthy male volunteers. ATV plasma concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the non-compartmental method. The polymorphisms were determined with the PHARMAchip® microarray and the TaqMan® probes genotyping assay. Results Three metabolic phenotypes were found in our population: slow, normal, and rapid. Six gene polymorphisms were found to have a significant effect on ATV pharmacokinetics: MTHFR (rs1801133), DRD3 (rs6280), GSTM3 (rs1799735), TNFα (rs1800629), MDR1 (rs1045642), and SLCO1B1 (rs4149056). The combination of MTHFR, DRD3 and MDR1 polymorphisms associated with a slow ATV metabolizer phenotype. Conclusion Further studies using a genetic preselection method and a larger population are needed to confirm these polymorphisms as predictive biomarkers for ATV slow metabolizers. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12614000851662, date registered: August 8, 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2062-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B R León-Cachón
- Centro de Diagnóstico Molecular y Medicina Personalizada, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, NL, México.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Jorge A Ascacio-Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | | | | | - Irene Meester
- Centro de Diagnóstico Molecular y Medicina Personalizada, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, NL, México
| | | | | | | | - Hugo A Barrera-Saldaña
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México. .,Vitagénesis S.A., Monterrey, NL, México.
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, García-Martín E, Alonso-Navarro H, Martínez C, Zurdo M, Turpín-Fenoll L, Millán-Pascual J, Adeva-Bartolomé T, Cubo E, Navacerrada F, Rojo-Sebastián A, Rubio L, Ortega-Cubero S, Pastor P, Calleja M, Plaza-Nieto JF, Pilo-De-La-Fuente B, Arroyo-Solera M, García-Albea E, Agúndez JAG. Association Between Vitamin D Receptor rs731236 (Taq1) Polymorphism and Risk for Restless Legs Syndrome in the Spanish Caucasian Population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2125. [PMID: 26632733 PMCID: PMC5059002 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent works suggest a possible role of vitamin D deficiency in the etiology or restless legs syndrome (RLS). We analyzed the possible relationship of 2 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) gene with the risk for RLS.We studied the genotype and allelic variant frequencies of VDR rs2228570 and VDR rs731236 SNPs in 205 RLS patients and 445 healthy controls using a TaqMan essay.The frequencies of the rs731236AA genotype and the allelic variant rs731236A were significantly lower in RLS patients than in controls (P < 0.005 and < 0.01, respectively). Restless legs syndrome patients carrying the allelic variant rs731236G had an earlier age at onset, and those carrying the rs731236GG genotype had higher severity of RLS, although these data disappeared after multivariate analyses. None of the SNPs studied was related with the positivity of family history of RLS.These results suggest a modest, but significant association between VDR rs731236 SNP and the risk for RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- From the Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey (FJJ-J, HA-N, FN, MC, JFP-N, BP-D-LF, MA-S); Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres; Department of Medicine-Neurology, Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid (AR-S, LR, EG-A, FJJ-J, HA-N); Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres (EG-M, JAGA); Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz (CM); Section of Neurology, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia, Cáceres (MZ); Section of Neurology, Hospital La Mancha-Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real (LT-F, JM-P); Unit of Neurology, Clínica Recoletas, Zamora (TA-B); Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos (EC); CIBERNED,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SO-C, PP); Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona (SO-C, PP); Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona (SO-C, PP); and Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain (PP)
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García-Martín E, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, Martínez C, Zurdo M, Turpín-Fenoll L, Millán-Pascual J, Adeva-Bartolomé T, Cubo E, Navacerrada F, Rojo-Sebastián A, Rubio L, Ortega-Cubero S, Pastor P, Calleja M, Plaza-Nieto JF, Pilo-de-la-Fuente B, Arroyo-Solera M, García-Albea E, Agúndez JAG. Heme Oxygenase-1 and 2 Common Genetic Variants and Risk for Restless Legs Syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1448. [PMID: 26313808 PMCID: PMC4602895 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurochemical, neuropathological, neuroimaging, and experimental data, suggest that iron deficiency plays an important role in the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Heme-oxygenases (HMOX) are an important defensive mechanism against oxidative stress, mainly through the degradation of heme to biliverdin, free iron, and carbon monoxide. We analyzed whether HMOX1 and HMOX2 genes are related with the risk to develop RLS.We analyzed the distribution of genotypes and allelic frequencies of the HMOX1 rs2071746, HMOX1 rs2071747, HMOX2 rs2270363, and HMOX2 rs1051308 SNPs, as well as the presence of Copy number variations (CNVs) of these genes in 205 subjects RLS and 445 healthy controls.The frequencies of rs2071746TT genotype and rs2071746T allelic variant were significantly lower in RLS patients than that in controls, although the other 3 studied SNPs did not differ between RLS patients and controls. None of the studied polymorphisms influenced the disease onset, severity of RLS, family history of RLS, serum ferritin levels, or response to dopaminergic agonist, clonazepam or GABAergic drugs.The present study suggests a weak association between HMOX1 rs2071746 polymorphism and the risk to develop RLS in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Martín
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain (EG-M, JAGA); Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey (Madrid), Spain (FJJ-J, HA-N, FN, MC, JFPN, BP-D-LF, MA-S); Department of Medicine-Neurology, Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias". Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain (FJJ-J, HA-N, AR-S, LR, EG-A); Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain (CM); Section of Neurology, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia (Cáceres), Spain (MZ); Section of Neurology, Hospital La Mancha-Centro, Alcázar de San Juan (Ciudad Real), Spain (LT-F, JM-P); Unit of Neurology, Clínica Recoletas, Zamora, Spain (TA-B); Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain (EC); CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (SO-C, PP); Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (SO-C, PP); Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain (PP); and Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain (PP)
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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, NOS1) rs693534 and rs7977109 variants and risk for restless legs syndrome. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:819-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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García-Martín E, Martínez C, Serrador M, Alonso-Navarro H, Navacerrada F, Agúndez JA, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ. SLC1A2 rs3794087 variant and risk for migraine. J Neurol Sci 2014; 338:92-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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