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Zhao L, Wang LF, Wang YC, Liu A, Xiao QW, Hu MC, Sun MZ, Hao HY, Gao Q, Zhao X, Chen DY. Deficiency of P2RY11 causes narcolepsy and attenuates the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages in the inflammatory response in zebrafish. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:36. [PMID: 38771396 PMCID: PMC11108927 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Purinergic receptor P2Y11, a G protein-coupled receptor that is stimulated by extracellular ATP, has been demonstrated to be related to the chemotaxis of granulocytes, apoptosis of neutrophils, and secretion of cytokines in vitro. P2Y11 mutations were associated with narcolepsy. However, little is known about the roles of P2RY11 in the occurrence of narcolepsy and inflammatory response in vivo. In this study, we generated a zebrafish P2Y11 mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and demonstrated that the P2Y11 mutant replicated the narcolepsy-like features including reduced HCRT expression and excessive daytime sleepiness, suggesting that P2Y11 is essential for HCRT expression. Furthermore, we accessed the cytokine expression in the mutant and revealed that the P2RY11 mutation disrupted the systemic inflammatory balance by reducing il4, il10 and tgfb, and increasing il6, tnfa, and il1b. In addition, the P2RY11-deficient larvae with caudal fin injuries exhibited significantly slower migration and less recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages at damaged site, and lower expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines during tissue damage. All these findings highlight the vital roles of P2RY11 in maintaining HCRT production and secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines in the native environment, and suggested that P2RY11-deficient zebrafish can serve as a reliable and unique model to further explore narcolepsy and inflammatory-related diseases with impaired neutrophil and macrophage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chen Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Wen Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chuan Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Zhu Sun
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System (IRAIS), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotic (tjKLIR), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hui-Yu Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System (IRAIS), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotic (tjKLIR), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Dong-Yan Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Q, Wu Q, Zhan Q, Deng L, Ding Y, Wang F, Chen J, Xie L. Association between cytokines and fatigue in patients with type 1 narcolepsy. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 120:102-106. [PMID: 38237487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a frequent complaint among patients with narcolepsy. Studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines are associated with fatigue in neurological disorders; however, this association has not been identified in patients with type 1 narcolepsy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between cytokines and fatigue in patients with type 1 narcolepsy. METHODS We investigated the association between 12 inflammatory cytokines and fatigue in 49 patients with type 1 narcolepsy. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 was used to assess the fatigue severity. The associations of fatigue were identified using Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses. A linear regression analysis model was used to adjust the confounding factors and evaluate the associations of fatigue. RESULTS Correlation analysis showed that the plasma interleukin (IL)-2 level (r = 0.409, p = 0.004) was positively correlated with fatigue in patients with narcolepsy type 1. After adjusting for confounding factors, the linear regression model revealed a positive association between the IL-2 level (β = 1.148, p = 0.04) and fatigue in individuals diagnosed with type 1 narcolepsy. CONCLUSION IL-2 levels show a positive correlation with fatigue in type 1 narcolepsy, suggesting its potential role in the pathophysiology of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinqin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Liying Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongmin Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Chavda V, Chaurasia B, Umana GE, Tomasi SO, Lu B, Montemurro N. Narcolepsy-A Neuropathological Obscure Sleep Disorder: A Narrative Review of Current Literature. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1473. [PMID: 36358399 PMCID: PMC9688775 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a chronic, long-term neurological disorder characterized by a decreased ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Some clinical symptoms enter into differential diagnosis with other neurological diseases. Excessive daytime sleepiness and brief involuntary sleep episodes are the main clinical symptoms. The majority of people with narcolepsy experience cataplexy, which is a loss of muscle tone. Many people experience neurological complications such as sleep cycle disruption, hallucinations or sleep paralysis. Because of the associated neurological conditions, the exact pathophysiology of narcolepsy is unknown. The differential diagnosis is essential because relatively clinical symptoms of narcolepsy are easy to diagnose when all symptoms are present, but it becomes much more complicated when sleep attacks are isolated and cataplexy is episodic or absent. Treatment is tailored to the patient's symptoms and clinical diagnosis. To facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders and to better understand the neuropathological mechanisms of this sleep disorder, this review summarizes current knowledge on narcolepsy, in particular, genetic and non-genetic associations of narcolepsy, the pathophysiology up to the inflammatory response, the neuromorphological hallmarks of narcolepsy, and possible links with other diseases, such as diabetes, ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease. This review also reports all of the most recent updated research and therapeutic advances in narcolepsy. There have been significant advances in highlighting the pathogenesis of narcolepsy, with substantial evidence for an autoimmune response against hypocretin neurons; however, there are some gaps that need to be filled. To treat narcolepsy, more research should be focused on identifying molecular targets and novel autoantigens. In addition to therapeutic advances, standardized criteria for narcolepsy and diagnostic measures are widely accepted, but they may be reviewed and updated in the future with comprehension. Tailored treatment to the patient's symptoms and clinical diagnosis and future treatment modalities with hypocretin agonists, GABA agonists, histamine receptor antagonists and immunomodulatory drugs should be aimed at addressing the underlying cause of narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chavda
- Department of Pathology, Stanford of School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bipin Chaurasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj 44300, Nepal
| | - Giuseppe E. Umana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Associate Fellow of American College of Surgeons, Trauma and Gamma-Knife Centre, Cannizzaro Hospital Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford of School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Mohammadi S, Mayeli M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Cytokines in narcolepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2020; 131:155103. [PMID: 32315956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by a loss of hypocretin neurons in the hypothalamus. Inflammation is proposed as a mechanism for neurodegeneration in narcolepsy. Numerous studies have investigated peripheral cytokine measures in narcoleptic patients, though the results are not conclusive. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to address the question of how do serum/plasma cytokine levels change in narcolepsy. METHODS A systematic search of the literature to July 2019, was conducted to identify studies that measured cytokine levels in patients with narcolepsy, compared with those in controls without narcolepsy. RESULTS Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis: ten for interleukin (IL)-6, five for IL-8, three for IL-10, and ten for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Compared with controls, patients with narcolepsy had higher plasma levels of IL-6 (95% CI [0.22, 3.74]; P = 0.03) and TNF-α (95% CI [0.53, 4.18]; P = 0.01), while did not significantly differ in plasma IL-8 (95% CI [-1.64, 2.08]; P = 0.82) and IL-10 (95% CI [-1.29, 0.72]; P = 0.57) as well as serum IL-6 (95% CI [-1.48, 0.32], P = 0.21) and TNF-α (95% CI [-3.14, 0.19], P = 0.08) and CSF IL-8 (95% CI [-1.16, 0.41]; P = 0.35) levels. Patients with narcolepsy exhibited lower CSF IL-6 (95% CI [-0.66, 0.06]; P = 0.02) levels comparing with controls. CONCLUSIONS Patients with narcolepsy had elevated plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and lower levels of CSF IL-6 than non-narcoleptic controls. Our results support the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of narcolepsy. However, plasma levels of IL-8 and IL-10, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and CSF IL-8 did not significantly differ between patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Mohammadi
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mayeli
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mori I. The olfactory bulb: A link between environmental agents and narcolepsy, from the standpoint of autoimmune etiology. Med Hypotheses 2019; 131:109294. [PMID: 31443760 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 is a lifelong sleep disorder characterized by the loss of hypocretin-producing neurons in the brain. Environmental agents, including influenza, neurotoxic metals, and combustion smoke, have been implicated in the pathogenesis, especially in carriers of the human leukocyte antigen class II DQB1*06:02 allele. Sensitive experimental approaches have recently revealed hypocretin-autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the blood of narcoleptic patients. However, such potentially harmful cells are also detectable, to a lesser degree, in control DQB1*06:02 carriers, suggesting that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides a neuroprotective effect. Here, we present the hypothesis that external toxic agents induce neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb and concomitant overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ); this, in turn, compromises the BBB, allowing autoimmune cells to access and kill hypocretinergic neurons. Such sequential pathological alterations could occur insidiously, passing unnoticed and consequently being underestimated. The elevated number of autoreactive T cells in narcoleptics relative to controls might reflect externally induced immunomodulation rather than a direct disease trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Mori
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Shubun University, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0938, Japan.
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Mori I. The olfactory bulb: A link between environmental agents and narcolepsy. Med Hypotheses 2019; 126:66-68. [PMID: 31010502 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Narcolepsy with cataplexy is a lifelong sleep disorder associated with orexin/hypocretin deficiency in the central nervous system. In addition to a genetic predisposition, a variety of environmental factors, such as influenza viruses, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this article, a hypothesis is proposed that environmental agents access the olfactory bulb and trigger neuroinflammation, which in turn induces neurodegeneration of orexinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and other neuronal subpopulations regulating the sleep-wake cycle, which triggers the development of narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Mori
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Shubun University, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0938, Japan.
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Antoniazzi S, Carnovale C, Sessa A, Gentili M, Matacena M, Punginelli M, Clementi E, Radice S. Auditory and visual hallucinations after influenza vaccine: a case report. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN VACCINES 2017; 5:25-27. [PMID: 28344806 DOI: 10.1177/2051013616673554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Antoniazzi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Carnovale
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurelio Sessa
- General Practitioner, Territorial Health Service of Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Marta Gentili
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Matacena
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizia Punginelli
- Pharmaceutical Service, Territorial Health Service of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E.Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco University Hospital, Università di Milano, via G.B. Grassi, 74, I20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Radice
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Polónia J. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and ambulatory blood pressure: Exploring the link between inflammation and hypertension. Rev Port Cardiol 2017; 36:107-109. [PMID: 28159429 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Polónia
- Departamento de Medicina e Cintesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Unidade Hipertensão e Risco Cardiovascular do Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and ambulatory blood pressure: Exploring the link between inflammation and hypertension. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Lecendreux M, Churlaud G, Pitoiset F, Regnault A, Tran TA, Liblau R, Klatzmann D, Rosenzwajg M. Narcolepsy Type 1 Is Associated with a Systemic Increase and Activation of Regulatory T Cells and with a Systemic Activation of Global T Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169836. [PMID: 28107375 PMCID: PMC5249232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy and disturbed nocturnal sleep patterns. Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) has been shown to result from a selective loss of hypothalamic hypocretin-secreting neurons with patients typically showing low CSF-hypocretin levels (<110 pg/ml). This specific loss of hypocretin and the strong association with the HLA-DQB1*06:02 allele led to the hypothesis that NT1 could be an immune-mediated pathology. Moreover, susceptibility to NT1 has recently been associated with several pathogens, particularly with influenza A H1N1 virus either through infection or vaccination. The goal of this study was to compare peripheral blood immune cell populations in recent onset pediatric NT1 subjects (post or non-post 2009-influenza A H1N1 vaccination) to healthy donors. We demonstrated an increased number of central memory CD4+ T cells (CD62L+ CD45RA-) associated to an activated phenotype (increase in CD69 and CD25 expression) in NT1 patients. Percentage and absolute count of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in NT1 patients were increased associated with an activated phenotype (increase in GITR and LAP expression), and of activated memory phenotype. Cytokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after activation was not modified in NT1 patients. In H1N1 vaccinated NT1 patients, absolute counts of CD3+, CD8+ T cells, and B cells were increased compared to non-vaccinated NT1 patients. These results support a global T cell activation in NT1 patients and thus support a T cell-mediated autoimmune origin of NT1, but do not demonstrate the pathological role of H1N1 prophylactic vaccination. They should prompt further studies of T cells, particularly of Tregs (such as suppression and proliferation antigen specific assays, and also T-cell receptor sequencing), in NT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lecendreux
- AP-HP, Pediatric Sleep Center and National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (CNR narcolepsie-hypersomnie), CHU Robert-Debré, Paris, France.,Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Churlaud
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (I2B), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 959, Immunology-Immunopathology- Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
| | - Fabien Pitoiset
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (I2B), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 959, Immunology-Immunopathology- Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
| | - Armelle Regnault
- Aviesan/Institut Multi-Organismes Immunologie, Hématologie et Pneumologie (ITMO IHP), Paris, France
| | - Tu Anh Tran
- Pediatrics department, Centre hospitalo-universitaire de Nîmes, 30029 Nîmes Cedex 9, France. INSERM U1012, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Roland Liblau
- INSERM UMR1043-CNRS UMR5282-Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - David Klatzmann
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (I2B), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 959, Immunology-Immunopathology- Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
| | - Michelle Rosenzwajg
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (I2B), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 959, Immunology-Immunopathology- Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Paris, France
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Palomba M, Seke Etet PF, Veronesi C. Effect of inflammatory challenge on hypothalamic neurons expressing orexinergic and melanin-concentrating hormone. Neurosci Lett 2014; 570:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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