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Ambati A, Luo G, Pradhan E, Louis J, Lin L, Leib RD, Ollila HM, Poiret T, Adams C, Mignot E. Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Narcolepsy-Associated Pandemic 2009 Influenza Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040630. [PMID: 33142956 PMCID: PMC7712488 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of narcolepsy, an irreversible sleep disorder, has been associated with 2009 influenza pandemic (pH1N1) infections in China, and with ASO3-adjuvanted pH1N1 vaccinations using Pandemrix in Europe. Intriguingly, however, the increased incidence was only observed following vaccination with Pandemrix but not Arepanrix in Canada. In this study, the mutational burden of actual vaccine lots of Pandemrix (n = 6) and Arepanrix (n = 5) sourced from Canada, and Northern Europe were characterized by mass spectrometry. The four most abundant influenza proteins across both vaccines were nucleoprotein NP, hemagglutinin HA, matrix protein M1, with the exception that Pandemrix harbored a significantly increased proportion of neuraminidase NA (7.5%) as compared to Arepanrix (2.6%). Most significantly, 17 motifs in HA, NP, and M1 harbored mutations, which significantly differed in Pandemrix versus Arepanrix. Among these, a 6-fold higher deamidation of HA146 (p.Asn146Asp) in Arepanrix was found relative to Pandemrix, while NP257 (p.Thr257Ala) and NP424 (p.Thr424Ile) were increased in Pandemrix. DQ0602 binding and tetramer analysis with mutated epitopes were conducted in Pandemrix-vaccinated cases versus controls but were unremarkable. Pandemrix harbored lower mutational burden than Arepanrix, indicating higher similarity to wild-type 2009 pH1N1, which could explain differences in narcolepsy susceptibility amongst the vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Ambati
- Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (A.A.); (G.L.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Guo Luo
- Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (A.A.); (G.L.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Elora Pradhan
- Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (A.A.); (G.L.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Jacob Louis
- Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (A.A.); (G.L.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Ling Lin
- Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (A.A.); (G.L.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Ryan D. Leib
- Stanford Mass Spectrometry Core, 333 Campus Drive, Mudd 175, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (R.D.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Hanna Maria Ollila
- Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (A.A.); (G.L.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (H.M.O.)
| | - Thomas Poiret
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Christopher Adams
- Stanford Mass Spectrometry Core, 333 Campus Drive, Mudd 175, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (R.D.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (A.A.); (G.L.); (E.P.); (J.L.); (L.L.); (H.M.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Capittini C, De Silvestri A, Terzaghi M, Scotti V, Rebuffi C, Pasi A, Manni R, Martinetti M, Tinelli C. Correlation between HLA-DQB1*06:02 and narcolepsy with and without cataplexy: approving a safe and sensitive genetic test in four major ethnic groups. A systematic meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2018; 52:150-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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HLA-DQB1*06:02 allele frequency and clinic-polysomnographic features in Saudi Arabian patients with narcolepsy. Sleep Breath 2018; 23:303-309. [PMID: 30187366 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-1717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narcolepsy is an uncommon neurological disorder characterised by irresistible spells of sleep associated with abnormal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The association between narcolepsy and human leukocyte antigen HLA- DQB1*06:02 has been established elsewhere but remains to be investigated among Saudi Arabian patients with narcolepsy. METHODS A total of 29 Saudi patients with type I or type 2 narcolepsy comprising of 23 (79%) males and 6 (21%) females with a mean age of 17.2 ± 9.6 years were included in this study. Type 1 or type 2 narcolepsy was diagnosed by full polysomnography followed by a multiple sleep latency test in accordance with International Classifications of Sleep Disorders-3 criteria. HLA typing for DQB1 alleles was performed by polymerase chain reaction and hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Differences in clinical and sleep parameters were compared by univariable analyses. HLA-DQB1*06:02 frequency was systematically compared with the published literature. RESULTS Type 1 narcolepsy was diagnosed in 19/29 (65.5%) patients, whereas 10/29 (34.5%) patients had type 2 narcolepsy. DQB1*06:02 was present in 25/29 (86.2%) patients; 15/19 (78.9%) narcolepsy type 1 patients and 10/10 (100%) narcolepsy type 2 patients harboured the DQB1*06:02 allele. REM latency was significantly lower in DQB1*06:02-positive patients compared to DQB1*06:02-negative patients (17.6 ± 32.3 min vs. 106.0 ± 86.0 min; p = 0.025). Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were significantly higher among type 1 than type 2 narcolepsy patients (19.7 ± 3.2 vs 15.3 ± 3.6; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS DQB1*06:02 allele frequencies among Saudi patients with narcolepsy were consistent with previously published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, 11, Xi Zhi Men Nan Da Jie, Xi Chen Qu, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, 11, Xi Zhi Men Nan Da Jie, Xi Chen Qu, Beijing 100044, China.
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Kurdistani ZK, Saberi S, Talebkhan Y, Oghalaie A, Esmaeili M, Mohajerani N, Bababeik M, Hassanpour P, Barani S, Farjaddoost A, Ebrahimzadeh F, Trejaut J, Mohammadi M. Distribution of cytokine gene single nucleotide polymorphisms among a multi-ethnic Iranian population. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:160. [PMID: 26436076 PMCID: PMC4581131 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.161809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytokine gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are widely used to study susceptibility to complex diseases and as a tool for anthropological studies. Materials and Methods: To investigate cytokine SNPs in an Iranian multi-ethnic population, we have investigated 10 interleukin (IL) SNPs (IL-1β (C-511T, T-31C), IL-2 (G-384T), IL-4 (C-590T), IL-6 (G-174C), IL-8 (T-251A), IL-10 (G-1082A, C-819T, C-592A) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (G-308A) in 415 Iranian subjects comprising of 6 different ethnicities. Allelic and genotypic frequencies as well as Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were calculated by PyPop software. Population genetic indices including observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), fixation index (FIS), the effective number of alleles (Ne) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were derived using Popgene 32 software. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) was constructed using Reynold's genetic distance obtained from the frequencies of cytokine gene polymorphism. Results: Genotypic distributions were consistent with the HWE assumptions, except for 3 loci (IL-4-590, IL-8-251 and IL-10-819) in Fars and 4 loci (IL-4-590, IL-6-174, IL-10-1082 and TNF-α-308) in Turks. Pairwise assessment of allelic frequencies, detected differences at the IL-4-590 locus in Gilakis versus Kurds (P = 0.028) and Lurs (P = 0.022). Mazanis and Gilakis displayed the highest (Ho= 0.50 ± 0.24) and lowest (Ho= 0.34 ± 0.16) mean observed heterozygosity, respectively. Conclusions: MDS analysis of our study population, in comparison with others, revealed that Iranian ethnicities except Kurds and Mazanis were tightly located within a single cluster with closest genetic affinity to Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zana Karimi Kurdistani
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran ; Department of Molecular Genetics, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Saberi
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Yeganeh Talebkhan
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Akbar Oghalaie
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Nazanin Mohajerani
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Maryam Bababeik
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Parisa Hassanpour
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Shaghik Barani
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Ameneh Farjaddoost
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimzadeh
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | | | - Marjan Mohammadi
- HPGC Group, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
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Jacob L, Leib R, Ollila HM, Bonvalet M, Adams CM, Mignot E. Comparison of Pandemrix and Arepanrix, two pH1N1 AS03-adjuvanted vaccines differentially associated with narcolepsy development. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 47:44-57. [PMID: 25452148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy onset in children has been associated with the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic and vaccination with Pandemrix. However it was not clearly observed with other adjuvanted pH1N1 vaccines such as Arepanrix or Focetria. Our aim was to characterize the differences between Pandemrix and Arepanrix that might explain the risk for narcolepsy after Pandemrix vaccination using 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry (MS). We found that Pandemrix (2009 batch) and Arepanrix (2010 batch) showed 5 main viral proteins: hemagglutinin HA1 and HA2 subunits, neuraminidase NA, nucleoprotein NP, and matrix protein MA1 and non-viral proteins from the Gallus gallus growth matrix used in the manufacturing of the vaccines. Latticed patterns of HA1, HA2 and NA indicated charge and molecular weight heterogeneity, a phenomenon likely caused by glycosylation and sulfation. Overall, Pandemrix contained more NP and NA, while Arepanrix displayed a larger diversity of viral and chicken proteins, with the exception of five chicken proteins (PDCD6IP, TSPAN8, H-FABP, HSP and TUB proteins) that were relatively more abundant in Pandemrix. Glycosylation patterns were similar in both vaccines. A higher degree of deamidation and dioxidation was found in Pandemrix, probably reflecting differential degradation across batches. Interestingly, HA1 146N (residue 129N in the mature protein) displayed a 10-fold higher deamidation in Arepanrix versus Pandemrix. In recent vaccine strains and Focetria, 146N is mutated to D which is associated with increased production yields suggesting that 146N deamidation may have also occurred during the manufacturing of Arepanrix. The presence of 146N in large relative amounts in Pandemrix and the wild type virus and in lower relative quantities in Arepanrix or other H1N1 vaccines may have affected predisposition to narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Leib
- Stanford University Mass Spectrometry, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mélodie Bonvalet
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Han F. Narcolepsy in China: when the east meets the west. Sleep Med 2014; 15:605-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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