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Wang R, Chen J, Tao L, Qiang Y, Yang Q, Li B. Prevalence of Sleep Problems and Its Association With Preterm Birth Among Kindergarten Children in a Rural Area of Shanghai, China. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:863241. [PMID: 35547534 PMCID: PMC9082307 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.863241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthy sleep in children is critical for their physical and mental health. Although growing evidence indicates the linkage between preterm birth and neural network that regulates sleep architecture, findings on the association between preterm birth and sleep problems among children are still contradictory. In this study, we aimed to understand the prevalence of sleep problems in children aged 3-6 years and to explore the association between sleep problems and preterm birth among children in Shanghai, China. METHODS We selected 8,586 kindergarten children aged 3-6 years and their mothers in a rural area of Shanghai. Data were collected by questionnaire interview among mothers with informed consent that was signed ahead. Six types of sleep problems (i.e., insufficient sleep, sleepwalk, nightmare, snore, grind teeth, and cry in sleep) were selected in this study. SAS 9.4 was used for data analysis, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In this study, the prevalence of preterm birth was 9.88% (848/8,586), with a higher prevalence in boys (10.62%) than girls (9.01%). The prevalence of sleep problems was 89.81% among kindergarten children, with 62.50% for snore, 50.35% for grind teeth, 49.20% for cry in sleep, 41.18% for nightmare, 11.67% for insufficient sleep, and 4.44% for sleepwalk. The age of children, family income, and mother's education were associated with the prevalence of sleep problems in children. Logistic regression indicated that sleep problems in preterm children were comparable with the full-term children [odds ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (0.89-1.45)]. CONCLUSION Sleep problems were prevalent among children aged 3-6 years in the rural area of Shanghai, and preterm birth was not associated with sleep problems in kindergarten children. We recommend that parents should create limit setting in the home, cultivate similar child-rearing attitudes and beliefs among family members, and encourage children to go to bed earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Eye Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Tao
- Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Yan Qiang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Songjiang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Kalantari N, McDuff P, Pilon M, Desautels A, Montplaisir JY, Zadra A. Self-reported developmental changes in the frequency and characteristics of somnambulistic and sleep terror episodes in chronic sleepwalkers. Sleep Med 2021; 89:147-155. [PMID: 34990921 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Far from being benign, somnambulistic episodes can be frequent and/or severe and potentially injurious. Episodes may also be accompanied by sleep mentation with variable degrees of retrograde amnesia. The present study investigated how somnambulistic episodes unfold from childhood through adulthood, a topic that remains understudied. METHODS Adult sleepwalkers with a diagnosis of primary somnambulism and a childhood onset of the disorder (n = 113) were assessed for changes in frequency of their episodes, recall of episode-related sleep mentation and aggressive episodes during childhood, adolescence and adulthood. In addition, sleepwalkers (n = 52) with childhood-onset of sleep terrors were assessed for developmental changes in sleep terror frequency. RESULTS Results indicate that the frequency of somnambulistic episodes remains unchanged during childhood and adolescence before increasing during adulthood. An opposite trend was observed for sleep terrors. The frequency of aggressive somnambulistic episodes and of sleep mentation associated with somnambulism increased from childhood to adolescence and into adulthood. By contrast, the recall of sleep mentation associated with sleep terrors did not change over time. Additionally, a higher frequency of aggressive somnambulistic episodes predicted a higher frequency of sleep mentation associated with somnambulism. These patterns were similar across men and women. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that in chronic sleepwalkers, sleep mentation associated with somnambulistic episodes increases with age while episodes worsen in frequency and severity from childhood to adulthood. These findings add to the limited literature in the field and provide valuable insights into how key clinical characteristics of somnambulism evolve across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Kalantari
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital Du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, CIUSSS-NIM, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre McDuff
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Pilon
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alex Desautels
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital Du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, CIUSSS-NIM, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques-Yves Montplaisir
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital Du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, CIUSSS-NIM, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Antonio Zadra
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital Du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, CIUSSS-NIM, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Chiba Y, Phillips OR, Takenoshita S, Ollila HM, Hallmayer JF, Nishino S, Singh MK. Genetic and demographic predisposing factors associated with pediatric sleepwalking in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. J Neurol Sci 2021; 430:119997. [PMID: 34563919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.119997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleepwalking is a parasomnia associated with non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and is formally diagnosed using polysomnography (PSG). However, PSG are difficult to perform on children or adolescents due to needed compliance. To understand this condition in youth, few studies have been conducted on a large cohort of youths with a diverse distribution of ages and races to characterize it better in the absence of PSG. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sleepwalking in youth, as well as associated demographic and genetic characteristics, using questionnaires in a large pediatric cohort. METHODS Data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) of 7515 youths aged between 8 and 22 years were used in analyses. Demographic and clinical data, including age, sex, and race, and genetic data from 2753 African American (AA) and 4762 European American (EA) subjects were investigated. The age-wise prevalence of sleepwalking in AA and EA subjects was evaluated. Finally, race-specific genome-wide association (GWAS) analyses of sleepwalking were also performed (N = 155 AA cases and 2598 AA controls; N = 512 EA cases and 4250 EA controls). RESULTS Lifetime history of sleepwalking correlated with male sex and EA race. A genetic risk locus that reached genome-wide significance was detected at rs73450744 on chromosome 18 in AA, but not EA youth. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that male sex, EA race, and genetic factors may be associated with higher rates of sleepwalking among youth. Future studies should consider these variables to advance understanding of the complex pathogenesis of sleepwalking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Chiba
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Sekiaikai Yokohama Maioka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan; YUAD, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Owen R Phillips
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Brain Key Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shinichi Takenoshita
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joachim F Hallmayer
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Manpreet K Singh
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
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Relationship Between Internet Behaviors and Social Engagement in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030416. [PMID: 30709050 PMCID: PMC6388111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To examine older adults’ Internet use patterns and its relationship with social engagement. Methods: Telephonic interview data of older Internet users from two urban and two rural areas were analyzed (N = 248). Cluster analysis was used to identify their Internet use patterns. Multinomial logistic regression identified characteristics associated with the Internet usage groups, and the multiple regression was used to examine if the Internet usage pattern was associated with social engagement in real life. Results: The majority of older adults in Taiwan using the Internet were considered Leisure users (32%). Others were Sporadic (26%), Instrumental (21%), and Eager users (21%). Leisure and Eager users, but not Instrumental users, had significantly higher scores on social engagement compared with Sporadic users after controlling for sociodemographic and behavioral covariates. Eager Internet users were associated with 22.8% increase in the social engagement level, and Leisure users were associated with 31.2% increase in the social engagement level. Conclusions: Older adults with different Internet behaviors were associated with distinct sociodemographic and social engagement behaviors. Causal relationship is warranted for further investigation.
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Abstract
Our understanding of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias has improved considerably over the last two decades, with research that characterises and explores the causes of these disorders. However, our understanding is far from complete. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated review focusing on adult NREM parasomnias and highlighting new areas in NREM parasomnia research from the recent literature. We outline the prevalence, clinical characteristics, role of onset, pathophysiology, role of predisposing, priming and precipitating factors, diagnostic criteria, treatment options and medico-legal implications of adult NREM parasomnias.
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Stallman HM, Kohler M. Prevalence of Sleepwalking: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164769. [PMID: 27832078 PMCID: PMC5104520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleepwalking is thought to be a common arousal disorder; however, the epidemiology of this disorder has not yet been systematically examined. A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and ScienceDirect was conducted for 'sleepwalking' OR 'somnambulism' in any field, to identify studies that reported the epidemiology of sleepwalking or sleepwalking disorders. Fifty-one studies assessed the prevalence rates of sleepwalking in a total sample of 100 490. The meta-analysis showed the estimated lifetime prevalence of sleepwalking was 6.9% (95% CI 4.6%-10.3%). The current prevalence rate of sleepwalking-within the last 12 months-was significantly higher in children 5.0% (95% CI 3.8%-6.5%) than adults 1.5% (95% CI 1.0%-2.3%). There was no evidence of developmental trends in sleepwalking across childhood. The significant risk of bias across all studies suggests these results should be used cautiously. Further epidemiological research that addresses methodological problems found in studies of sleepwalking to date is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Stallman
- Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark Kohler
- Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
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