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Zhang J, Jin K, Chen B, Cheng S, Jin J, Yang X, Lu J, Song Q. Sex-dimorphic functions of orexin in neuropsychiatric disorders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36402. [PMID: 39253145 PMCID: PMC11382083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The orexin system regulates a variety of physiological functions, including the sleep-wake cycle, addiction, foraging behavior, stress and cognitive functioning. Orexin levels in central and peripheral are related to the pathogenesis of many diseases, most notably the narcolepsy, eating disorders, stress-related psychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, it has been reported that the orexin system is distinctly sexually dimorphic, and is strongly associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we analyzed advancements in the sex differences in the orexin system and their connection to psychoneurological conditions. Considering the scarcity of research in this domain, more research is imperative to reveal the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Kangyu Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shangping Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jinfan Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
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Sithirungson S, Sonsuwan N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N, Shinlapawittayatorn K. Functional roles of orexin in obstructive sleep apnea: From clinical observation to mechanistic insights. Sleep Med 2023; 101:40-49. [PMID: 36334500 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. Repetitive episodes of the obstructive respiratory events lead to arousal, sleep fragmentation, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is one of the most important neurotransmitters responsible for sleep and arousal regulation. Deficiency of orexin has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy, which shares cardinal symptoms of sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleep with obstructive sleep apnea. However, the relationship between orexin and obstructive sleep apnea is not well defined. In this review, we summarize the current evidence, from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data, regarding the association between orexin and obstructive sleep apnea. The effects of orexin on sleep apnea, as well as how the consequences of obstructive sleep apnea affect the orexin system function are also discussed. Additionally, the contrary findings are also included and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchanya Sithirungson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nuntigar Sonsuwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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