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Thoret E, Andrillon T, Gauriau C, Léger D, Pressnitzer D. Sleep deprivation detected by voice analysis. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011849. [PMID: 38315733 PMCID: PMC10890756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation has an ever-increasing impact on individuals and societies. Yet, to date, there is no quick and objective test for sleep deprivation. Here, we used automated acoustic analyses of the voice to detect sleep deprivation. Building on current machine-learning approaches, we focused on interpretability by introducing two novel ideas: the use of a fully generic auditory representation as input feature space, combined with an interpretation technique based on reverse correlation. The auditory representation consisted of a spectro-temporal modulation analysis derived from neurophysiology. The interpretation method aimed to reveal the regions of the auditory representation that supported the classifiers' decisions. Results showed that generic auditory features could be used to detect sleep deprivation successfully, with an accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art speech features. Furthermore, the interpretation revealed two distinct effects of sleep deprivation on the voice: changes in slow temporal modulations related to prosody and changes in spectral features related to voice quality. Importantly, the relative balance of the two effects varied widely across individuals, even though the amount of sleep deprivation was controlled, thus confirming the need to characterize sleep deprivation at the individual level. Moreover, while the prosody factor correlated with subjective sleepiness reports, the voice quality factor did not, consistent with the presence of both explicit and implicit consequences of sleep deprivation. Overall, the findings show that individual effects of sleep deprivation may be observed in vocal biomarkers. Future investigations correlating such markers with objective physiological measures of sleep deprivation could enable "sleep stethoscopes" for the cost-effective diagnosis of the individual effects of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Thoret
- Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d’études cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT) UMR7289, Perception Representation Image Sound Music (PRISM) UMR7061, Laboratoire d’Informatique et Systèmes (LIS) UMR7020, Marseille, France
- Institute of Language Communication and the Brain, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Andrillon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Mov’it team, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM, ERC 7330, Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et santé publique, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Gauriau
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM, ERC 7330, Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et santé publique, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Damien Léger
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM, ERC 7330, Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et santé publique, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Pressnitzer
- Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d’études cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
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Goetting MG. Role of Psychologists in Pediatric Sleep Medicine. Pediatr Clin North Am 2022; 69:989-1002. [PMID: 36207108 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders commonly afflict infants, children, and adolescents and have a significant adverse impact on them and their families, sometimes to a severe degree. They can cause immediate stress and suffering and long-term loss of opportunities and potential. Many of these disorders can be well managed by the psychologist and often one is required, either as the sole provider or as an integral part of a team. Sleep disorders have a bidirectional interplay with mental health disorders. The patient may therefore present initially to the psychologist, primary care provider, or the sleep medicine specialist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Goetting
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Research, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Office 2627, 1000 Oakland Drive, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-8010, USA.
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