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Huang Y, Kong Y, Li B, Zhao C, Loor JJ, Tan P, Yuan Y, Zeng F, Zhu X, Qi S, Zhao B, Wang J. Effects of perinatal stress on the metabolites and lipids in plasma of dairy goats. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:11. [PMID: 37676623 PMCID: PMC10441998 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Dairy goats experience metabolic stress during the peripartal period, and their ability to navigate this stage of lactation is related to the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. Unlike dairy cows, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of changes in the plasma profiles of peripartal dairy goats, particularly using high-throughput techniques. A subset of 9 clinically-healthy dairy goats were used from a cohort of 96 primiparous Guanzhong dairy goats (BCS, 2.75 ± 0.15). Blood samples were collected at seven time points around parturition (d 21, 14, 7 before parturition, the day of kidding, and d 7, 14, 21 postpartum), were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics and targeted lipidomics. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model revealed a total of 31 differential metabolites including p-cresol sulfate, pyruvic acid, cholic acid, and oxoglutaric acid. The pathway enrichment analysis identified phenylalanine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and citrate cycle as the top three significantly-altered pathways. The Limma package identified a total of 123 differentially expressed lipids. Phosphatidylserine (PS), free fatty acids (FFA), and acylcarnitines (ACs) were significantly increased on the day of kidding, while diacylglycerols (DAG) and triacylglycerols (TAG) decreased. Ceramides (Cer) and lyso-phosphatidylinositols (LPI) were significantly increased during postpartum period, while PS, FFA, and ACs decreased postpartum and gradually returned to antepartum levels. Individual species of FFA and phosphatidylcholines (PC) were segregated based on the differences in the saturation and length of the carbon chain. Overall, this work generated the largest repository of the plasma lipidome and metabolome in dairy goats across the peripartal period, which contributed to our understanding of the multifaceted adaptations of transition dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yezi Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bowen Li
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Panpan Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangyuan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Simeng Qi
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Shilwant S, Hundal JS, Singla M, Patra AK. Ruminal fermentation and methane production in vitro, milk production, nutrient utilization, blood profile, and immune responses of lactating goats fed polyphenolic and saponin-rich plant extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10901-10913. [PMID: 36087183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a composite plant extract (CPE) rich in polyphenolics and saponins from seeds of Dolichos biflorus (horse gram), root of Asparagus racemosus (shatavari), bark of Amoora rohituka (rohitaka), and peel of Punica granatum (pomegranate) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis in vitro, milk production, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and blood profiles in lactating Beetal goats fed CPE at 20 g/kg diet. Dose effect of CPE was assessed using different doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg substrate) to find out an optimum dose for the in vivo study. The in vivo experiment lasted 70 days including a 10-day adaptation period. In the in vitro study, dry matter (DM) and fiber degradability increased linearly (P < 0.05) and methane production and ammonia concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of CPE. Concentrations of total VFA and proportion of propionate increased (P < 0.001) linearly, whereas proportion of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio decreased with a linear effect. Dietary CPE increased milk yield (P = 0.017) and concentrations of protein and lactose (P = 0.045) by CPE, but concentrations of fat and solid not fat in milk were not affected (P > 0.10). Somatic cell counts in milk reduced (P = 0.045) in the CPE-fed goats. Apparent digestibility of DM (P = 0.037) increased significantly and NDF (P = 0.066) tended to increase due to supplementation of CPE. Blood glucose (P = 0.028) and albumin (P = 0.007) concentrations increased, while other liver-marker metabolites and enzyme activities and superoxide dismutase activity were not altered in goats due to feeding of CPE. Concentrations of total amino acids (P = 0.010), total essential amino acids (P = 0.012), and total ketogenic amino acids (P < 0.001) were greater in the CPE-fed goats than the control goats. Cell-mediated immune response improved due to CPE feeding. This study suggests that the CPE rich in both phenolics and saponins could improve ruminal fermentation, milk production, and nutrient utilization in lactating goats with better health status while decreasing methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Shilwant
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Jaspal Singh Hundal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Mandeep Singla
- Goat Farm, Directorate of Livestock Farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India.
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Đidara M, Poljičak-Milas N, Novoselec J, Pavlić M, Đud D, Šperanda M. Effect of dietary supplementation with linseed and organic selenium on plasma metabolic parameters in Holstein dairy cows. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mislav Đidara
- Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nina Poljičak-Milas
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Novoselec
- Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Pavlić
- Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Marcela Šperanda
- Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek, Croatia
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Cremonesi P, Capra E, Turri F, Lazzari B, Chessa S, Battelli G, Colombini S, Rapetti L, Castiglioni B. Effect of Diet Enriched With Hemp Seeds on Goat Milk Fatty Acids, Transcriptome, and miRNAs. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.909271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In dairy ruminants, a diet supplemented with feed rich in unsaturated fatty acids can be an effective medium to increase the health-promoting properties of milk, although their effect on the pathways/genes involved in these processes has not been properly and completely defined to date. To improve our knowledge of the cell’s activity in specific conditions, next-generation RNA-sequencing technology was used to allow whole transcriptome characterization under given conditions. In addition to this, microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been known as post-transcriptional regulators in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism by targeting lipid metabolism genes. In this study, to analyze the transcriptome and miRNAs in goat milk after a supplemental diet enriched with linoleic acid (hemp seeds), next-generation RNA-sequencing was used in order to point out the general biological mechanisms underlying the effects related to milk fat metabolism. Ten pluriparous Alpine goats were fed with the same pretreatment diet for 40 days; then, they were arranged to two dietary treatments consisting of control (C) and hemp seed (H)-supplemented diets. Milk samples were collected at 40 (time point = T0) and 140 days of lactation (time point = T1). Milk fatty acid (FA) profiles revealed a significant effect of hemp seeds that determined a strong increment in the preformed FA, causing a reduction in the concentration of de-novo FA. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated n−3 FAs were increased by hemp treatment, determining a reduction in the n−6/n−3 ratio. After removing milk fats and proteins, RNA was extracted from the milk cells and transcriptomic analysis was conducted using Illumina RNA-sequencing. A total of 3,835 genes were highly differentially expressed (p-value < 0.05, fold change > 1.5, and FDR < 0.05) in the H group. Functional analyses evidenced changes in metabolism, immune, and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, modifications in feeding strategies affected also key transcription factors regulating the expression of several genes involved in milk fat metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Moreover, 38 (15 known and 23 novel) differentially expressed miRNAs were uncovered in the H group and their potential functions were also predicted. This study gives the possibility to improve our knowledge of the molecular changes occurring after a hemp seed supplementation in the goat diet and increase our understanding of the relationship between nutrient variation and phenotypic effects.
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Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, citrus pectin, and milk-derived exosomes on intestinal barrier integrity and immunity in animals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 35399093 PMCID: PMC8996583 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of livestock and poultry is prone to challenge by feedborne antigens, pathogens, and other stress factors in the farm environment. Excessive physiological inflammation and oxidative stress that arises firstly disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier followed by other components of the gastrointestinal tract. In the present review, the interrelationship between intestinal barrier inflammation and oxidative stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease was described. Further, the role of naturally existing immunomodulatory nutrients such as the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, citrus pectin, and milk-derived exosomes in preventing intestinal barrier inflammation was discussed. Based on the existing evidence, the possible molecular mechanism of these bioactive nutrients in the intestinal barrier was outlined for application in animal diets.
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Sundaram TS, Giromini C, Rebucci R, Baldi A. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Counteract Inflammatory and Oxidative Damage of Non-Transformed Porcine Enterocytes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060956. [PMID: 32486441 PMCID: PMC7341267 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Farm animals frequently suffer from chronic inflammatory diseases due to certain physiological or pathophysiological conditions such as weaning, the periparturient period and infections. Traditionally, antibiotics were added to animal diets to counteract inflammation and enhance growth. However, this leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial species which causes potential health hazards. Over several decades, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been known to exhibit a multitude of beneficial effects in animal health and are regarded as a functional food with therapeutic potential. We accessed the bioactivity of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in pig intestinal epithelium under different stress conditions in an in vitro set-up. Our results demonstrated the proliferative and cytoprotective properties of the two fatty acids, which are fundamental to determining the cellular mechanism for efficient utilization in pig diets. Abstract Marine and plant-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are widely added to animal diets to promote growth and immunity. We tested the hypothesis that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their 1:2 combination could counteract acute or long-term damage of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell line-J2 (IPEC-J2). The results showed that 24 h treatment with EPA or DHA exhibited proliferative effects in IPEC-J2 cells at low to moderate concentrations (6.25–50 μM) (p < 0.05). Further, 24 h pretreatment with individual DHA (3.3 µM), EPA (6.7 µM) or as DHA:EPA (1:2; 10 µM) combination increased the mitochondrial activity or cell membrane integrity post-LPS (24 h), DSS (24 h) and H2O2 (1 h) challenge (p < 0.05). Additionally, DHA:EPA (1:2, 10 µM) combination decreased the apoptotic caspase-3/7 activity around twofold after 24 h LPS and DSS challenge (p < 0.05). Our study confirms the proliferative and cytoprotective properties of EPA and DHA in IPEC-J2 cells. Increased intracellular mitochondrial activity and cell membrane integrity by ω-3 PUFAs can play a role in preventing enterocyte apoptosis during acute or chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Selvi Sundaram
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-951335387
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
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Effects of Fat Supplementation in Dairy Goats on Lipid Metabolism and Health Status. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110917. [PMID: 31689973 PMCID: PMC6912558 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is an increasing demand for information on the nutraceutical properties of food. Due to its bioactive components and high digestibility, goat milk is an excellent functional food. Dietary fat supplementation can further enrich the value of goat milk by modifying its acidic profile. Nevertheless, animal health can also benefit from lipids supplied with rations. In this review, the relationships between dietary fats and goat health status are summarized. Particular attention is paid to describing the effects of specific fatty acids on lipid metabolism and immune functionality. Abstract Fat supplementation has long been used in dairy ruminant nutrition to increase the fat content of milk and supply energy during particularly challenging production phases. Throughout the years, advances have been made in the knowledge of metabolic pathways and technological treatments of dietary fatty acids (FAs), resulting in safer and more widely available lipid supplements. There is an awareness of the positive nutraceutical effects of the addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to fat supplementation, which provides consumers with healthier animal products through manipulation of their characteristics. If it is true that benefits to human health can be derived from the consumption of animal products rich in bioactive fatty acids (FAs), then it is reasonable to think that the same effect can occur in the animals to which the supplements are administered. Therefore, recent advances in fat supplementation of dairy goats with reference to the effect on health status have been summarized. In vivo trials and in vitro analysis on cultured cells, as well as histological and transcriptomic analyses of hepatic and adipose tissue, have been reviewed in order to assess documented relationships between specific FAs, lipid metabolism, and immunity.
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Danieli PP, Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Ronchi B. Conventional and homeopathic treatments in late pregnant goats: effects on metabolic status and immune response. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Danieli
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Nicola Lacetera
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Umberto Bernabucci
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Bruno Ronchi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Caroprese M, Ciliberti MG, Santillo A, Marino R, Sevi A, Albenzio M. Immune response, productivity and quality of milk from grazing goats as affected by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:229-35. [PMID: 27033938 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess how diet supplemented with fish oil and linseed improve the immune profile, the production performance, and milk quality of grazing goats by a diet supplementation of fish oil or linseed. Twenty-four Garganica grazing goats were divided into three groups named control (CON), fish oil (FO) and linseed (LIN) according to the fat supplement received in their diet. In vivo immune responses were evaluated by monitoring cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in order to verify the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation on goats' health status. Goat milk samples were analysed weekly to determine milk chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and somatic cell count. Diet based on linseed supplementation (LIN) significantly increased milk yield by 30%, milk fat yield by 67%, protein yield by 34%, and casein yield by 41% as compared with CON. Fat content increased by 30% in LIN milk as compared with CON milk, and by 12% as compared with FO milk. Linseed modified milk fatty acid profile; LIN milk showed lower SFA and higher PUFA than FO milk. The modified fatty acid composition of LIN milk resulted in lower AI and TI indexes than FO and CON milk. Linseed and fish oil administration can reduce humoral immunity of goats, but has no effect in their cellular immunity. Dietary linseed supplementation in grazing dairy goat supports feeding programs to improve milk composition and quality, and a modulation of their immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Maria Giovana Ciliberti
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonella Santillo
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosaria Marino
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Agostino Sevi
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Caroprese M, Giannenas I, Fthenakis G. Interactions between nutritional approaches and defences against microbial diseases in small ruminants. Vet Microbiol 2015; 181:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Restelli L, Lecchi C, Invernizzi G, Avallone G, Savoini G, Ceciliani F. UCP1 and UCP2 expression in different subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue deposits in 30 days old goat kids and effect of fatty acid enriched diets. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Esposito G, Irons PC, Webb EC, Chapwanya A. Interactions between negative energy balance, metabolic diseases, uterine health and immune response in transition dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 144:60-71. [PMID: 24378117 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The biological cycles of milk production and reproduction determine dairying profitability thus making management decisions dynamic and time-dependent. Diseases also negatively impact on net earnings of a dairy enterprise. Transition cows in particular face the challenge of negative energy balance (NEB) and/or disproportional energy metabolism (fatty liver, ketosis, subacute, acute ruminal acidosis); disturbed mineral utilization (milk fever, sub-clinical hypocalcemia); and perturbed immune function (retained placenta, metritis, mastitis). Consequently NEB and reduced dry matter intake are aggravated. The combined effects of all these challenges are reduced fertility and milk production resulting in diminishing profits. Risk factors such as NEB, inflammation and impairment of the immune response are highly cause-and-effect related. Thus, managing cows during the transition period should be geared toward reducing NEB or feeding specially formulated diets to improve immunity. Given that all cows experience a reduced feed intake and body condition, infection and inflammation of the uterus after calving, there is a need for further research on the immunology of transition dairy cows. Integrative approaches at the molecular, cellular and animal level may unravel the complex interactions between disturbed metabolism and immune function that predispose cows to periparturient diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Esposito
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Institute of Food, Nutrition and Well-being (IFNuW), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pete C Irons
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Institute of Food, Nutrition and Well-being (IFNuW), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Edward C Webb
- Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Institute of Food, Nutrition and Well-being (IFNuW), University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Aspinas Chapwanya
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Institute of Food, Nutrition and Well-being (IFNuW), University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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Effects of EPA and DHA on lipid droplet accumulation and mRNA abundance of PAT proteins in caprine monocytes. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:246-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Extruded linseed supplementation in the diet of dairy sheep: The effects on immune response and oxidative stress as affected by the physiological state. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Lecchi C, Invernizzi G, Agazzi A, Ferroni M, Pisani LF, Savoini G, Ceciliani F. In vitro modulation of caprine monocyte immune functions by ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Vet J 2011; 189:353-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Savoini G, Agazzi A, Invernizzi G, Cattaneo D, Pinotti L, Baldi A. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and choline in dairy goats nutrition: Production and health benefits. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effects of protected fish oil in the diet of periparturient dairy goats on phenotypic variation in blood and milk leukocytes. Animal 2010; 4:1510-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Pisani LF, Lecchi C, Invernizzi G, Sartorelli P, Savoini G, Ceciliani F. In vitro modulatory effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (EPA and DHA) on phagocytosis and ROS production of goat neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 131:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Agazzi A, Cigalino G, Mancin G, Savoini G, Dell’Orto V. Effects of dietary humates on growth and an aspect of cell-mediated immune response in newborn kids. Small Rumin Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bonizzi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria Sez. Diagnostica Sperimentale e di Laboratorio, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.
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