The role of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the control of the ovine pyloric antral myoelectric response to nutrients during individual phases of the migrating myoelectric complex

Analysis of the excitatory motor response evoked by nicotinic and muscarinic blockade of ovine small bowel

It has been reported that the administration of anticholinergic drugs evokes inhibitory and excitatory responses, but the precise character of the latter has not yet been defined. This study was thus devoted to analyzing its occurrence following various doses of hexamethonium (Hx) and atropine (At) administration in the course of different phases of the small-intestinal migrating motor complex (MMC) in fasted and non-fasted sheep and to further characterize the excitatory responses in comparison with individual phases of the MMC. Two basic types of excitatory response were found. In the course of chronic experiments, various doses of Hx and At evoked rebound excitation (RE, i.e., irregular contractions or spike bursts evoked in response to the anticholinergic drug) alternating with phase 3-like activity (not the organized phase 3 of the MMC or its parts). The intensity of these changes varied and was related to the drug dose. Thus intense and non-intense RE activity were distinguished. In non-fasted sheep, these alterations were slightly less pronounced than in fasted animals. When the drug was given during phase 1 of the MMC, RE did not occur or was greatly reduced and its arrival was delayed. Hx triggered RE mostly in the duodenum, while the action of At was most effective in the jejunum. It is concluded that Hx and At initially hamper small-intestinal motility and just after that evoke a secondary stimulatory response, i.e., phase 3-like activity and RE of different intensity, duration, and repeatability in fasted and non-fasted sheep. These stimulatory effects may resemble unorganized phases of the MMC.