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Mupfiga S, Katiyatiya CL, Chikwanha OC, Molotsi AH, Dzama K, Mapiye C. Meat production, feed and water efficiencies of selected South African sheep breeds. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Macias Franco A, da Silva AEM, de Moura FH, Norris AB, Van Den Broek K, Valcheck M, de Mello A, Fonseca M. Effects of lipid and starch supplementation as water intake mitigation techniques on performance and efficiency of nursing Holstein calves. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab103. [PMID: 34337342 PMCID: PMC8320343 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring alternative supplementation sources capable of maximizing feed and water efficiency in nursing Holstein calves is often ignored. The goals herein involve investigating the effects of two isoenergetic supplements on a nonmedicated milk replacer diet on total water intake, milk water intake, fresh water intake, feed intake parameters, and performance of Holstein nursing bull calves. Twenty-three animals (body weight [BW] = 94.67 ± 12.07 kg, age = 67 days old) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments for 68 days: control (CON; ad libitum milk replacer, n = 7), carbohydrate supplement (CHO; corn starch on top of ad libitum milk replacer-based diet, n = 8), or lipid supplement (FAT; menhaden fish oil on top of ad libitum milk replacer-based diet, n = 8). The isoenergetic supplementation consisted of 3% menhaden fish oil addition on DM basis for FAT. This was matched energetically with corn starch for the CHO group resulting in a 7% composition in DM basis. All animals were provided free access to mineral mix and 120 g daily dried microbrewer’s spent grains (BG). Data were analyzed with the GLMMIX procedure of SAS in a completely randomized design with the diets as a fixed effect. Dry matter intake (DMI) adjusted by average daily gain (ADG; DMI/ADG) resulted in significantly lower values for supplemented groups with CON = 2.48, CHO = 2.38, and FAT = 2.27 kg/kg (ADG) (P = 0.033). Energy intake values were lower for CON when analyzing metabolizable energy intake (P < 0.0001), net energy intake for maintenance (P < 0.0001), and net energy intake for gain (P < 0.0001), followed by CHO, and then FAT. Total water intake (P < 0.0001), milk water intake (P < 0.0001), and fresh water intake (P < 0.0001) all resulted in CHO consuming 0.5 L or less water than the other two treatments. Energy requirements as digestible energy (P < 0.0001), metabolizable energy (P < 0.0001), net energy for maintenance (P < 0.0001), and net energy for gain (P < 0.0001) were lower for CHO, followed by CON, and then FAT having the highest requirements. Similar results were observed for residual feed (RFI; P = 0.006) and residual water intakes (RTWI; P = 0.902). Ultimately, no performance differences were detected with regards to BW (CON = 146.71, CHO = 146.25, and FAT = 150.48 kg; P > 0.1). These results indicate that lipid-based and starch-based supplementation can potentially increase feed efficiency and decrease voluntary water intake without adversely affecting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Macias Franco
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - A E M da Silva
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - F H de Moura
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - A B Norris
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.,Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - K Van Den Broek
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - M Valcheck
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - A de Mello
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - M Fonseca
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Tosto MSL, de Araújo GGL, Pereira LGR, de Carvalho GGP, Di Mambro Ribeiro CV, Cirne LGA. Intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and performance of crossbreed Boer goats fed with diets containing saltbush (Atriplex nummularia L.) and spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica). Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:361. [PMID: 34137916 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Saltbush and spineless cactus are adapted to arid and semiarid regions and used as an important forage resource in ruminants' diet. However, spineless cactus restricts production due to its low crude protein and NDF levels and high salt and oxalate contents, which can limit the digestibility and intake of dietary nutrients. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the best ratio levels of saltbush associated with spineless cactus in diets for crossbreed Boer goats through ingestion, water balance, digestibility, nitrogen balance, growth and carcass weight. Twenty-four castrated crossbred Boer (Boer × Brazilian native) goats 6 months of age and average body weight of 20.28 kg were utilized. The animals were weighed and distributed in randomized blocks in four experimental diets with saltbush of 8.4, 18.8, 31.2 and 48.3%. The addition of saltbush hay promoted quadratic behaviour (P < 0.05) in intake of dry matter and nutrients. There was no effect (P < 0.05) from the addition of saltbush hay on the digestibility of organic matter, total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates and neutral detergent fibre, whereas there was an increase in dry matter. The crude protein digestibility behaved quadratically (P = 0.06), where the maximum digestibility was obtained with the addition of 31.2% of hay. The balance and net nitrogen utilization presented a quadratic effect (P < 0.01). Saltbush in rations for goats presented promising results, the growth rate (0.15 kg/day) obtained in diet with a lower proportion of saltbush, would satisfy smallholders when considering that this species, associated with spineless cactus, may reduce the use of concentrate feeds; however, the diet with 31.2% of saltbush hay provided the biggest gain in body and carcass weight of the goats.
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An X, Zhang L, Luo J, Zhao S, Jiao T. Effects of Oat Hay Content in Diets on Nutrient Metabolism and the Rumen Microflora in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2341. [PMID: 33317030 PMCID: PMC7763615 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oats have the characteristics of drought tolerance, cold resistance, strong adaptability, high forage yield, and high nutritional value. However, there are few reports on the most appropriate amount of oat hay in ruminant diets, the digestion and metabolism of ruminants, and the rumen microflora. To study the effects of oat hay content in diets on nutrient digestion and metabolism and the rumen microflora in sheep, 9 German Merino and Mongolian crossbred rams of similar body condition and weight with permanent fistulas were selected. The 3 × 3 Latin square design was used to randomly divide the rams into 3 groups, with 3 animals in each group. The three groups were fed different kinds of roughage: whole-plant corn silage only (corn silage group, CSG), oat hay mixed with whole-plant corn silage (1:1) (mixed group, MG), and oat hay only (oat hay group, OHG). The nutrient digestion and metabolism of each group were measured, and the pH and rumen microflora were examined after feeding for different durations. Dynamic changes in microbial communities were detected. The nutrient digestion and metabolism results showed that, with an increase in the content of oat hay in the diet, the intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) showed an increasing trend, and the intake, digestion, and stability of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased in the OHG. The apparent digestibility, dietary nitrogen, deposited nitrogen, and nitrogen retention rate in this group were significantly higher than those in the CSG (p < 0.05). The rumen pH and sequencing results showed that the rumen fluid pH of the CSG was significantly lower than that of the OHG at 1 and 5 h (p < 0.05). The main microbial in the rumen of the three groups of sheep were Bacteroides, Sclerotium, and Proteus. The dominant taxon in the CSG was Prevotella, followed by Vibrio syringae, and the dominant taxon in the MG and OHG was Prevotella, followed by Rikenellaceae. Redundancy analysis showed that ADF and NDF in the feed had an effect on the abundance of Fibrobacteres, Ruminococcaceae, and Prevotella. Our findings indicate that the use of oat hay roughage in the diet significantly improves the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF and helps maintain the stable state of the sheep's rumen internal environment and the growth of rumen microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.A.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.A.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jing Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.A.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.A.); (L.Z.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ting Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Shi F, Guo N, Degen A, Niu J, Wei H, Jing X, Ding L, Shang Z, Long R. Effects of level of feed intake and season on digestibility of dietary components, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, rumen fermentation and ruminal microbiota in yaks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tadesse D, Puchala R, Gipson TA, Goetsch AL. Effects of high heat load conditions on body weight, feed intake, temperature, and respiration of Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix sheep. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1674658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Tadesse
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Ryszard Puchala
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Terry A. Gipson
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Arthur L. Goetsch
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
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Tadesse D, Puchala R, Goetsch A. Effects of hair sheep breed and region of origin on feed dry matter required for maintenance without and with a marked feed restriction. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ma T, Wang B, Zhang N, Tu Y, Si B, Cui K, Qi M, Diao Q. Effect of protein restriction followed by realimentation on growth, nutrient digestibility, ruminal parameters, and transporter gene expression in lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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de Carvalho G, Rebouças R, Campos F, Santos E, Araújo G, Gois G, de Oliveira J, Oliveira R, de A. Rufino L, Azevedo J, Cirne L. Intake, digestibility, performance, and feeding behavior of lambs fed diets containing silages of different tropical forage species. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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St-Pierre N, de Resende KT, Cannas A. Prediction of intake and average daily gain by different feeding systems for goats. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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