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Kusza S, Badaoui B, Wanjala G. Insights into the genomic homogeneity of Moroccan indigenous sheep breeds though the lens of runs of homozygosity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16515. [PMID: 39019985 PMCID: PMC11255268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that Morocco's indigenous sheep breeds are genetically homogenous, posing a risk to their survival in the challenging harsh climate conditions where they predominantly inhabit. To understand the genetic behind genetic homogeneity through the lens of runs of homozygosity (ROH), we analyzed the whole genome sequences of five indigenous sheep breeds (Beni Guil, Ouled Djellal, D'man, Sardi, Timahdite and Admixed).The results from principal component, admixture, Fst, and neighbour joining tree analyses consistently showed a homogenous genetic structure. This structure was characterized by an average length of 1.83 Mb for runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments, with a limited number of long ROH segments (24-48 Mb and > 48 Mb). The most common ROH segments were those ranging from 1-6 Mb. The most significant regions of homozygosity (ROH Islands) were mostly observed in two chromosomes, namely Chr1 and Chr5. Specifically, ROH Islands were exclusively discovered in the Ouled Djellal breed on Chr1, whereas Chr5 exhibited ROH Islands in all breeds. The analysis of ROH Island and iHS technique was employed to detect signatures of selection on Chr1 and Chr5. The results indicate that Chr5 had a high level of homogeneity, with the same genes being discovered across all breeds. In contrast, Chr1 displays some genetic variances between breeds. Genes identified on Chr5 included SLC39A1, IL23A, CAST, IL5, IL13, and IL4 which are responsible for immune response while genes identified on Chr1 include SOD1, SLAMF9, RTP4, CLDN1, and PRKAA2. ROH segment profile and effective population sizes patterns suggests that the genetic uniformity of studied breeds is the outcome of events that transpired between 250 and 300 generations ago. This research not only contributes to the understanding of ROH distribution across breeds but helps design and implement native sheep breeding and conservation strategies in Morocco. Future research, incorporating a broader sample size and utilizing the pangenome for reference, is recommended to further elucidate these breeds' genomic landscapes and adaptive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Kusza
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Bouabid Badaoui
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre de Biotechnologies Végétales et Microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI),, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - George Wanjala
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Animal Sciences and Wildlife Management, University of Szeged, Andrássy út 15., 6800, Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
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Nguluma A, Kyallo M, Tarekegn GM, Loina R, Nziku Z, Chenyambuga S, Pelle R. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence analysis reveals high variation and multiple maternal origins of indigenous Tanzanian goat populations. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15961-15971. [PMID: 34824803 PMCID: PMC8601934 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Small East African (SEA) goat are widely distributed in different agro-ecological zones of Tanzania. We report the genetic diversity, maternal origin, and phylogenetic relationship among the 12 Tanzanian indigenous goat populations, namely Fipa, Songwe, Tanga, Pwani, Iringa, Newala, Lindi, Gogo, Pare, Maasai, Sukuma, and Ujiji, based on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop. High haplotype (H d = 0.9619-0.9945) and nucleotide (π = 0.0120-0.0162) diversities were observed from a total of 389 haplotypes. The majority of the haplotypes (n = 334) belonged to Haplogroup A which was consistent with the global scenario on the genetic pattern of maternal origin of all goat breeds in the world. Haplogroup G comprised of 45 haplotypes drawn from all populations except the Ujiji goat population while Haplogroup B with 10 haplotypes was dominated by Ujiji goats (41%). Tanzanian goats shared four haplotypes with the Kenyan goats and two with goats from South Africa, Namibia, and Mozambique. There was no sharing of haplotypes observed between individuals from Tanzanian goat populations with individuals from North or West Africa. The indigenous goats in Tanzania have high genetic diversity defined by 389 haplotypes and multiple maternal origins of haplogroup A, B, and G. There is a lot of intermixing and high genetic variation within populations which represent an abundant resource for selective breeding in the different agro-ecological regions of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athumani Nguluma
- Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI)DodomaTanzania
- Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
| | - Martina Kyallo
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa‐International Livestock Research Institute (BecA‐ILRI) HubNairobiKenya
| | - Getinet Mekuriaw Tarekegn
- Department of Animal Breeding and GeneticsSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UppsalaSweden
- Department of Animal Production and TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia
| | - Rose Loina
- Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI)DodomaTanzania
| | - Zabron Nziku
- Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI)DodomaTanzania
| | | | - Roger Pelle
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa‐International Livestock Research Institute (BecA‐ILRI) HubNairobiKenya
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Ressaissi Y, Amills M, Noce A, Ben Hamouda M. Characterizing the Mitochondrial Diversity of Arbi Goats from Tunisia. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:1225-1232. [PMID: 33743097 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Arbi is one of the main local goat breeds in Tunisia, representing an important economic resource in arid and hot areas where cattle and sheep cannot thrive successfully. In the current work, we have characterized the mitochondrial diversity of 26 Arbi goats by partially sequencing the mitochondrial D-loop region. These sequences plus 10 retrieved from GenBank were analyzed with the DnaSP v.5.10.1, evidencing the existence of 12 different haplotypes. Nucleotide and haplotype diversities were 0.02 and 0.96. Moreover, median-joining network analysis showed that all D-loop sequences from Arbi goats correspond to haplogroup A and that in general they do not cluster with sequences from other goat breeds. The high diversity that has been observed in North African goats is compatible with the maritime diffusion of the Neolithic package 10,000-7000 YBP. Moreover, there are evidences that local Tunisian breeds have been extensively crossed with highly productive transboundary breeds in order to improve meat and milk yields. These uncontrolled crossing practices may lead to the loss of alleles that play key roles in the adaptation of Tunisian local breeds to a harsh environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Ressaissi
- Institut National Agronomique de La Tunisie (INAT), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonia Noce
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mohamed Ben Hamouda
- Institut National de La Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), Rue Hédi Karray, 2049, Ariana, Tunisie
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Tarekegn GM, Wouobeng P, Jaures KS, Mrode R, Edea Z, Liu B, Zhang W, Mwai OA, Dessie T, Tesfaye K, Strandberg E, Berglund B, Mutai C, Osama S, Wolde AT, Birungi J, Djikeng A, Meutchieye F. Genome-wide diversity and demographic dynamics of Cameroon goats and their divergence from east African, north African, and Asian conspecifics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214843. [PMID: 31002664 PMCID: PMC6474588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous goats make significant contributions to Cameroon’s national and local economy, but little effort has been devoted to identifying the populations. Here, we assessed the genetic diversity and demographic dynamics of Cameroon goat populations using mitochondrial DNA (two populations) and autosomal markers (four populations) generated with the Caprine 50K SNP chip. To infer genetic relationships at continental and global level, genotype data on six goat populations from Ethiopia and one population each from Egypt, Morocco, Iran, and China were included in the analysis. The mtDNA analysis revealed 83 haplotypes, all belonging to haplogroup A, in Cameroon goats. Four haplotypes were shared between goats found in Cameroon, Mozambique, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, and Ethiopia. Analysis of autosomal SNPs in Cameroon goats revealed the lowest HO (0.335±0.13) and HE (0.352±0.15) in the North-west Highland and Central Highland populations, respectively. Overall, the highest HO (0.401±0.12) and HE (0.422±0.12) were found for Barki and Iranian goats, respectively. Barki goats had the highest average MAF, while Central Highland Cameroon goats had the lowest. Overall, Cameroon goats demonstrated high FIS. AMOVA revealed that 13.29% of the variation was explained by genetic differences between the six population groups. Low average FST (0.01) suggests intermixing among Cameroon goats. All measures indicated that Cameroon goats are closer to Moroccan goats than to other goat populations. PCA and STRUCTURE analyses poorly differentiated the Cameroon goats, as did genetic distance, Neighbor-Net network, and neighbor-joining tree analyses. The haplotype analysis of mtDNA showed the initial dispersion of goats to Cameroon and central Africa from north-east Africa following the Nile Delta. Whereas, the approximate Bayesian computation indicated Cameroon goats were separated from Moroccan goats after 506 generations in later times (~1518 YA), as supported by the phylogenetic net-work and admixture outputs. Overall, indigenous goats in Cameroon show weak phylogenetic structure, suggesting either extensive intermixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Mekuriaw Tarekegn
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail: (GMT); (FM)
| | - Patrick Wouobeng
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
- Faculty of Agronomy and Agriculture, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Kouam Simo Jaures
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
- Faculty of Agronomy and Agriculture, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Raphael Mrode
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zewdu Edea
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Bin Liu
- Nei Mongol BioNew Technology Co.Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Okeyo Ally Mwai
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tadelle Dessie
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Tesfaye
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Erling Strandberg
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Britt Berglund
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Collins Mutai
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarah Osama
- The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Asaminew Tassew Wolde
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Josephine Birungi
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Appolinaire Djikeng
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Félix Meutchieye
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
- Faculty of Agronomy and Agriculture, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (GMT); (FM)
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Ouchene-Khelifi NA, Lafri M, Pompanon F, Ouhrouch A, Ouchene N, Blanquet V, Lenstra JA, Benjelloun B, Da Silva A. Genetic homogeneity of North-African goats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202196. [PMID: 30114267 PMCID: PMC6095539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
North Africa represents a rich and early reservoir of goat genetic diversity, from which the main African breeds have been derived. In this study, the genetic diversity of four indigenous Algerian goat breeds (i.e., Arabia, Makatia, M’Zabite and Kabyle, with n = 12 for each breed) has been investigated for the first time by genome-wide SNP genotyping; moreover in a broader context, genetic structuration of Algerian and Moroccan goats was explored (via FST, MDS, STRUCTURE, FineSTRUCTURE, BAPS, sPCA and DAPC analyses). At national level, the study revealed high level of genetic diversity and a significant phenomenon of admixture affecting all the Algerian breeds. At broader scale, clear global genetic homogeneity appeared considering both Algerian and Moroccan stocks. Indeed, genetic structuration was almost nonexistent among Arabia (from Algeria), Draa, Black and Nord (from Morocco), while the ancestral Kabyle and M’Zabite breeds, reared by Berber peoples, showed genetic distinctness. The study highlighted the threat to the Maghrebin stock, probably induced by unsupervised cross-breeding practices which have intensified in recent centuries. Moreover, it underlined the necessity to deepen our understanding of the genetic resources represented by the resilient North-African goat stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjet-Amina Ouchene-Khelifi
- Science Veterinary Institute, University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology related to Animal Reproduction (LBRA), University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Lafri
- Science Veterinary Institute, University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology related to Animal Reproduction (LBRA), University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
| | - François Pompanon
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Abdessamad Ouhrouch
- National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc), Regional Center of Agronomic Research, Beni Mellal, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Valorisation des Ressources Phytogénétiques (LBVRP), Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Béni Mellal, Maroc
| | - Nassim Ouchene
- Science Veterinary Institute, University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology related to Animal Reproduction (LBRA), University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
| | | | | | - Badr Benjelloun
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
- National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc), Regional Center of Agronomic Research, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Anne Da Silva
- Univ. Limoges, INRA, EA7500, USC1061 GAMAA, Limoges, France
- * E-mail:
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El Moutchou N, González A, Chentouf M, Lairini K, Muñoz-Mejías ME, Rodero E. Exploring the genetic diversity and relationships between Spanish and Moroccan goats using microsatellite markers. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Al-Araimi NA, Al-Atiyat RM, Gaafar OM, Vasconcelos R, Luzuriaga-Neira A, Eisa MO, Amir N, Benaissa MH, Alfaris AA, Aljumaah RS, Elnakhla SM, Salem MM, Ishag IA, El Khasmi M, Beja-Pereira A. Maternal genetic diversity and phylogeography of native Arabian goats. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Benjelloun B, Alberto FJ, Streeter I, Boyer F, Coissac E, Stucki S, BenBati M, Ibnelbachyr M, Chentouf M, Bechchari A, Leempoel K, Alberti A, Engelen S, Chikhi A, Clarke L, Flicek P, Joost S, Taberlet P, Pompanon F. Characterizing neutral genomic diversity and selection signatures in indigenous populations of Moroccan goats (Capra hircus) using WGS data. Front Genet 2015; 6:107. [PMID: 25904931 PMCID: PMC4387958 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the time of their domestication, goats (Capra hircus) have evolved in a large variety of locally adapted populations in response to different human and environmental pressures. In the present era, many indigenous populations are threatened with extinction due to their substitution by cosmopolitan breeds, while they might represent highly valuable genomic resources. It is thus crucial to characterize the neutral and adaptive genetic diversity of indigenous populations. A fine characterization of whole genome variation in farm animals is now possible by using new sequencing technologies. We sequenced the complete genome at 12× coverage of 44 goats geographically representative of the three phenotypically distinct indigenous populations in Morocco. The study of mitochondrial genomes showed a high diversity exclusively restricted to the haplogroup A. The 44 nuclear genomes showed a very high diversity (24 million variants) associated with low linkage disequilibrium. The overall genetic diversity was weakly structured according to geography and phenotypes. When looking for signals of positive selection in each population we identified many candidate genes, several of which gave insights into the metabolic pathways or biological processes involved in the adaptation to local conditions (e.g., panting in warm/desert conditions). This study highlights the interest of WGS data to characterize livestock genomic diversity. It illustrates the valuable genetic richness present in indigenous populations that have to be sustainably managed and may represent valuable genetic resources for the long-term preservation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Benjelloun
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France ; National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc), Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Florian J Alberto
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France
| | - Ian Streeter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute Hinxton, UK
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Coissac
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Stucki
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed BenBati
- National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc), Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Ibnelbachyr
- Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Errachidia, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc) Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mouad Chentouf
- Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Tangier, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc) Tangier, Morocco
| | - Abdelmajid Bechchari
- Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Oujda, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc) Oujda, Morocco
| | - Kevin Leempoel
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adriana Alberti
- Centre National de Séquençage, CEA-Institut de Génomique Genoscope, Évry, France
| | - Stefan Engelen
- Centre National de Séquençage, CEA-Institut de Génomique Genoscope, Évry, France
| | - Abdelkader Chikhi
- Regional Centre of Agronomic Research Errachidia, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA Maroc) Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute Hinxton, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute Hinxton, UK
| | - Stéphane Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France
| | - François Pompanon
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble, France ; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Grenoble, France
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Awotunde EO, Bemji MN, Olowofeso O, James IJ, Ajayi OO, Adebambo AO. Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analyses and Phylogenetic Relationships Among Two Nigerian Goat Breeds and the South African Kalahari Red. Anim Biotechnol 2015; 26:180-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2014.977907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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