1
|
Javed MU, Ijaz M, Durrani AZ, Ali MM. On-farm epidemiology, virulence profiling, and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at goat farms. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106456. [PMID: 37981077 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) becomes a challenging issue that limits the therapeutic options for both veterinary and public health professionals. The current study aimed to investigate the on-farm epidemiology, antibiotics resisting profiling, virulence analysis, and molecular detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at the caprine-human interface. A total of 768 goat milk samples and 94 skin swabs from farm personnel were collected from 30 goat flocks and processed for isolation of S. aureus. The study isolates were confirmed as MRSA based on the oxacillin and cefoxitin disc diffusion test and the presence of mecA gene. MRSA isolates of goats and human origin were characterized and further evaluated for the presence of virulence genes responsible for intramammary infections and public health hazards. The results revealed 26.82 % and 27.79 % goat milk samples and human samples positive for S. aureus, respectively. A higher MRSA prevalence of 35.92 % and 10.71 % was found in goat and human isolates respectively. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a lesser extent of homology in mecA gene of S. aureus isolates at the caprine-human interface. Moreover, this study revealed strong evolutionary connection between the study isolates and MRSA isolates of Pakistani cattle and buffalo while the in-silico protein analysis showed that all sequences have the same protein motifs resembling penicillin binding protein 2a. The risk factors analysis revealed that teat length, drainage system, hygienic measures during milking, use of teat dip, teat injury, and veterinary services were significantly associated with subclinical mastitis in goats. A total of 43.24 % of local MRSA isolates showed multi-drug resistance (MDR). The isolates showed higher resistance to oxytetracycline followed by gentamicin and vancomycin while moxifloxacin, and linezolid were among the susceptible antibiotics. Local MRSA isolates carried virulence markers (nuc and coag genes) and biofilm-associated icaA (43.24 %) and icaD (29.73 %) genes which are responsible for the intramammary infection. The local isolates also carried the virulence genes of public health concern including the enterotoxin C (sec) gene (24.3 %), enterotoxins B (seb) gene (5.41 %), and enterotoxin D (sed) gene (2.7 %). Enterotoxins A (sea) and E (see) genes were not detected in any isolate. The study concluded that MRSA is an emerging and prevailing pathogen in dairy goats with a high potential to transmit to associated human beings. The presence of a variety of virulence factors as well as the associated antibiotic resistance makes MRSA a potential threat at animal-human interface and thus demands further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Javed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Aneela Zameer Durrani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Výrostková J, Regecová I, Zigo F, Semjon B, Gregová G. Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus sp. Isolated from Cheeses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010036. [PMID: 35011142 PMCID: PMC8749609 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As far as it is known, studies dealing with antimicrobial resistance in certain species of staphylococci, in particular, S. chromogenes and S. simulans, isolated from products made from unpasteurized milk are limited. In addition to that, little attention was paid to the resistance of staphylococcal isolates from regional sheep and goat cheeses. At this level, works are published that focus on the evaluation of resistance from only one sheep product, Bryndza. Other studies are only focused on the evaluation of resistance from raw sheep’s or goat’s milk. The study contributes to the knowledge of the possible spread of antimicrobial resistance from the farm to the final consumer in this area. Abstract S. aureus and some species of coagulase-negative staphylococci, including S. chromogenes and S. simulans, commonly cause intramammary infections. However, little attention was paid to the antimicrobial resistance of these species with respect to their occurrence in dairy products, for example, popular sheep and goat cheeses made from unpasteurized milk. The aim of this study was to investigate such sheep and goat cheeses for the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of the relevant staphylococci species. The staphylococcal isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (130 isolates) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The most common species of S. aureus (56 isolates) were identified, as well as S. chromogenes (16 isolates) and S. simulans (10 isolates). Antimicrobial resistance to penicillin, oxacilin, ceftaroline, teicoplanin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline and ofloxacin was subsequently determined in these species using the agar dilution method. The highest resistance was confirmed in all species, especially to penicillin (91%) and erythromycin (67%). The highest sensitivity was confirmed to ofloxacin (83%). Due to the high incidence of penicillin and oxacilin-resistant staphylococci, the mecA gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction, which was confirmed only in S. aureus isolates (19%). Our study shows that the tested strains (77%) were resistant to more than one antibiotic at a time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Výrostková
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Ivana Regecová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - František Zigo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Boris Semjon
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Gabriela Gregová
- Department of Public Veterinary Medicine and Animal Welfare, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mechesso AF, Moon DC, Ryoo GS, Song HJ, Chung HY, Kim SU, Choi JH, Kim SJ, Kang HY, Na SH, Yoon SS, Lim SK. Resistance profiling and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goats in Korea. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 336:108901. [PMID: 33075694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is among the most common zoonotic pathogens that cause foodborne illnesses worldwide. The main objectives of the current study were therefore to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of S. aureus isolated from goats in Korea and to investigate the molecular characteristics of identified methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In the study, 481 S. aureus isolates (431 from the nasal cavity and 50 from carcass) were recovered from 1146 carcasses and nasal swabs between July 2018 and January 2019. Approximately 82% and 72.6% of nasal and carcass isolates, respectively, were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, with the highest rate of resistance to penicillin, followed by resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Relatively small proportions of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. However, all S. aureus isolates were sensitive to linezolid, rifampin, and vancomycin. Six MRSA isolates were obtained, three each from the nasal cavity and carcass. MRSA isolates were of two sequence types (ST) (ST72 and ST398), three spa types (t664, t324, and t571), and two SCCmec types (IV and V). The ST72 MRSA isolates had identical PFGE profiles. In addition, ST72 MRSA-SCCmec IV isolates carried at least six staphylococcal leukotoxin- and enterotoxin-encoding genes (lukED, seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, and seq). The remaining ST398 isolate carried only the lukED gene and was additionally resistant to eight non-β-lactam antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MRSA from goats in Korea. There is a possibility of transmission of MRSA from goat to human or contamination of food products. Therefore, regular microbiological investigation in goats, farms, and slaughterhouses is critical to determine the existence of virulent and multi-drug resistant (MDR) S. aureus and to implement preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Fikru Mechesso
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Chan Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwang-Seon Ryoo
- Jeonnam National Veterinary Service Laboratory, 619 Geumgang-ro, Jakcheon-myeon, Gangjingun, Jeonnam 59213, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ju Song
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Young Chung
- Jeonnam National Veterinary Service Laboratory, 619 Geumgang-ro, Jakcheon-myeon, Gangjingun, Jeonnam 59213, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Uk Kim
- Jeonnam National Veterinary Service Laboratory, 619 Geumgang-ro, Jakcheon-myeon, Gangjingun, Jeonnam 59213, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyun Choi
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok Hyeon Na
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Omoshaba EO, Ojo OE, Oyekunle MA, Sonibare AO, Adebayo AO. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from raw milk and nasal swabs of small ruminants in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2599-2608. [PMID: 32451834 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an important widespread cause of severe infection in both humans and animals, is a significant pathogen of public health concern. This study examined the presence of MRSA in 400 samples comprising 200 raw milks (145 from goat and 55 from sheep) and 200 nasal swabs (145 from goats and 55 from sheep) collected from ten different locations in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Samples were examined using standard bacteriological methods for the isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus and culture on oxacillin (6 μg/ml) and cefoxitin (2 μg/ml) selective media for the detection of MRSA. Suspected MRSA isolates were confirmed by latex agglutination test for the detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 72 (18%) of 400 samples of which 52 (13%) were confirmed as MRSA. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was detected in raw milk (37 of 200; 18.5%) and nasal swab (15 of 200; 7.5%). There was no significance difference (p > 0.05) in the prevalence of MRSA in sheep (37.7%) and goat (23.4%). The MRSA isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (100%), cloxacillin (100%), sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (100%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (84.6%), ceftriaxone (75%), cefuroxime (69.2%), erythromycin (65.4%), streptomycin (38.5%), ciprofloxacin (23.1%), pefloxacin (21.2%) and gentamicin (17.3%). The presence of multidrug-resistant MRSA in small ruminants reared in Abeokuta metropolis may be due to regular use of antibiotics and unhygienic practices by farmers. This in turn constitutes a potential public health risk to the owners, consumers of small ruminant products and the general populace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E O Omoshaba
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - O E Ojo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - M A Oyekunle
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A O Sonibare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A O Adebayo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Altaf M, Ijaz M, Ghaffar A, Rehman A, Avais M. Antibiotic susceptibility profile and synergistic effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on antibacterial activity of resistant antibiotics (Oxytetracycline and Gentamicin) against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103755. [PMID: 31542423 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may exhibit antibacterial activity and have synergistic effects with antibiotics. One way to re-sensitize MRSA to resistant antibiotics is by combining with approved non-antibiotics. The study was intended to explore susceptibility of MRSA to various antibiotics and non-antibiotics (NSAIDs) by micro dilution broth method. MRSA isolates were confirmed by PCR (mecA gene) and in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion tests. Combinations of NSAIDs with resistant antibiotics were also evaluated in in-vivo trial in mice. In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility profile presented 100% resistance to Cefoxitin, 37.5% to Gentamicin and Amikacin, 25% to Oxytetracycline, 12.5% to Tylosin, Fusidic acid and Vancomycin, while Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole and Linezolid were found sensitive. Synergistic effect was observed when resistant antibiotics (Oxytetracycline/Gentamicin) were combined with sensitive antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin/Linezolid). Combination of Non-antibiotics (NSAIDs) with resistant antibiotics revealed that Meloxicam showed partial synergism with both Oxytetracycline and Gentamicin, while Flunixin Meglumine presented synergistic effect with Oxytetracycline and partial synergism with Gentamicin. Diclofenac Sodium revealed additive effect with Oxytetracycline while in case of Gentamicin indifferent effect was observed. In-vivo results showed that combinations of Oxytetracycline with Meloxicam/Flunixin Meglumine and Gentamicin with Meloxicam/Flunixin Meglumine were effective. The study concluded that the resistance against milk borne zoonotic MRSA infections can be successfully addressed by combining resistant antibiotics with NSAIDs. Flunixin Meglumine can be used in combination with oxytetracycline against MRSA infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Awais Ghaffar
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Avais
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Titouche Y, Hakem A, Houali K, Meheut T, Vingadassalon N, Ruiz-Ripa L, Salmi D, Chergui A, Chenouf N, Hennekinne J, Torres C, Auvray F. Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST8 in raw milk and traditional dairy products in the Tizi Ouzou area of Algeria. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6876-6884. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
7
|
Barrero-Domínguez B, Luque I, Galán-Relaño Á, Vega-Pla JL, Huerta B, Román F, Astorga RJ. Antimicrobial Resistance and Distribution of Staphylococcus spp. Pulsotypes Isolated from Goat and Sheep Bulk Tank Milk in Southern Spain. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:723-730. [PMID: 31157980 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk tank milk from 58 dairy goat and sheep flocks located in southern Spain was examined to determine the prevalence and distribution of Staphylococci. A total of 45 isolates were obtained and characterized to determine the species, antimicrobial resistance profile, and genetic similitude by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using SmaI. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of nuc, and resistance to methicillin was determined by PCR analysis of mecA. A total of 10 different staphylococcal species were identified, 22.2% and 77.8% of which were coagulase positive and negative, respectively. Twenty-two (48.89%) isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Higher antimicrobial resistance values were obtained against tetracycline (28.9%) and penicillin (22.2%). Two isolates (S. aureus and Staphylococcus lentus) were resistant to cefoxitin; however, none of the 45 isolates harbored mecA. Thirty pulsotypes were detected by PFGE. Interestingly, some isolates of S. aureus, S. lentus, Staphylococcus simulans, and Staphylococcus caprae showed high genetic similarity (>80%). These data suggest that genetically similar staphylococcal isolates circulate among goat and sheep dairy herds, and their different resistance patterns could be influenced by the management systems used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Belén Huerta
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Federico Román
- National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael J Astorga
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El-Deeb W, Fayez M, Elmoslemany A, Kandeel M, Zidan K. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among goat farms in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and risk factors. Prev Vet Med 2018; 156:84-90. [PMID: 29891150 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A cross sectional study was conducted on 1010 goats from 25 flocks located in the eastern province, Saudi Arabia, to study the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among goat farms. A total of 235 milk samples and 775 nasal swabs were collected for bacteriological investigation. Based on resistance to cefoxitin, 20 isolates were permissively identified as MRSA. PCR with specific primers was used to confirm MRSA. The prevalence of MRSA was 2%; with maximum prevalence in mastitic milk (9.2%) and swabs from animals showed respiratory signs (2.6%), while the lowest prevalence was identified in apparently normal milk (0.6). The standard disk diffusion test was used for in vitro evaluation of isolates resistance profile to 13 antimicrobial agents. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in all MRSA and in 23.5% of methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Univariable association between the prevalence of MDR/MRSA strains and management practices indicated a higher prevalence with larger size flocks, where raising animals for both meat and milk production, and where antibiotics were used during the last 30 days, the latter was particularly pertinent to penicillin-streptomycin. Multivariable models indicated that larger flocks (200-400, and >400) were, respectively, 4 and 3.5 fold more likely to have MDR S. aureus compared to smaller flocks (<200).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Ministry of Agriculture, Al-Ahsa Central Lab, Saudi Arabia; Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elmoslemany
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshikh University, Kafrelshikh, Egypt
| | - Kamal Zidan
- Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
High prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of mecA Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cattle, sheep, and goat bulk tank milk in Jordan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:405-412. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
10
|
Dash JR, Sar TK, Samanta I, Mandal TK. Effects of herbal extract of Ocimum sanctum as supportive therapy with intravenous ceftriaxone in experimentally induced staphylococcal chronic mastitis in goat. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
Al-Ashmawy MA, Sallam KI, Abd-Elghany SM, Elhadidy M, Tamura T. Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Milk and Dairy Products. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:156-62. [PMID: 26836943 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was undertaken to study the prevalence, molecular characterization, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in raw milk and dairy products in Mansoura City, Egypt. MRSA was detected in 53% (106/200) among all milk and dairy products with prevalence rates of 75%, 65%, 40%, 50%, and 35% in raw milk, Damietta cheese, Kareish cheese, ice cream, and yogurt samples, respectively. The mean S. aureus counts were 3.49, 3.71, 2.93, 3.40, and 3.23 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)/g among tested raw milk, Damietta cheese, Kareish cheese, ice cream and yogurt, respectively, with an overall count of 3.41 log10 CFU/g. Interestingly, all recovered S. aureus isolates were genetically verified as MRSA strains by molecular detection of the mecA gene. Furthermore, genes encoding α-hemolysin (hla) and staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec) were detected in all isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of recovered MRSA isolates against 13 tested antimicrobials revealed that the least effective drugs were penicillin G, cloxacillin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin with bacterial resistance percentages of 87.9%, 75.9%, 65.2%, and 55.6%, respectively. These findings suggested that milk and dairy products represent a potential infection risk threat of multidrug-resistant and toxigenic S. aureus in Egypt due to neglected hygienic practices during production, retail, or storage stages. These findings highlighted the crucial importance of applying more restrictive hygienic measures in dairy production in Egypt for food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Abdou Al-Ashmawy
- 1 Departments of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khalid Ibrahim Sallam
- 1 Departments of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samir Mohammed Abd-Elghany
- 1 Departments of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elhadidy
- 2 Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Tomohiro Tamura
- 3 Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Caruso M, Latorre L, Santagada G, Fraccalvieri R, Miccolupo A, Sottili R, Palazzo L, Parisi A. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in sheep and goat bulk tank milk from Southern Italy. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
13
|
Bogdanovičová K, Skočková A, Šťástková Z, Koláčková I, Karpíšková R. The bacteriological quality of goat and ovine milk. POTRAVINARSTVO 2015. [DOI: 10.5219/438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study concentrates on information concerning the microbiological hazards that can be present in raw milk from animal species other than cows. A total of 54 (23 of ovine and 31 of goat) bulk tank milk samples from 10 farms in the Czech Republic were collected in years 2013 - 2014. The sampling was done at regular time intervals during the whole year, with five to eight samples collected from each of the 10 dairy farms involved in the study. All milk samples were collected into sterile sampling bottles and transported in a cooler sampling case to the laboratory for immediate examination. Farms were randomly selected to cover the whole area of the Czech Republic. The prevalence and characteristic of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes was studied. Raw cow's milk can be contaminated by E. coli intramammarily during clinical or subclinical mastitis and either directly through animal feces or indirectly during milk collection through farm employees or the milking equipment. E. coli was detected in 90.3% of the goat milk and 95.7% of the ovine milk samples. The genes encoding Shiga toxins 1 and 2- (stx1, stx2) were not detected and no STEC was identified. The Eae was the detected in 3 (4.6%) isolates. S. aureus was detected in 9 (29.0%) samples of goat milk and 8 (34.8%) samples of ovine milk. A total 12 (57.1%) enterotoxin positive S. aureus were obtained; 6 (28.6%) were positive for the production of sec encoding enterotoxin SEC; in 4 (19.0%) isolates the gene seh was detected; 2 (9.5%) isolates were proven positive for seg (4.8%) and combination seg and sei (4.8%). The presence of MRSA was not detected in the tested samples in our study. L. monocytogenes was detected in 1 (3.2%) samples of goat milk and 1 (4.3%) samples of ovine milk. The serotype (1/2a, 1/2b) was detected in our study. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. were not isolated from any of the samples. These results form the basis for determining the microbiological quality standards for goat and ovine milk.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cortimiglia C, Bianchini V, Franco A, Caprioli A, Battisti A, Colombo L, Stradiotto K, Vezzoli F, Luini M. Short communication: Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus in bulk tank milk from dairy goat farms in Northern Italy. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:2307-11. [PMID: 25648812 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is regarded as a leading cause of mastitis in goats. However, few data are available on the presence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in this species. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in bulk tank milk samples from dairy goat farms in Northern Italy. Eighty-five out of 197 samples (43.1%) tested positive for S. aureus with counts ranging from 10 to more than 1.5 × 10(4) cfu/mL. The MRSA was screened by both direct plating followed by a disk diffusion test to evaluate methicillin resistance and a selective enrichment method. Methicillin-resistance was confirmed by mecA-specific PCR. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was identified in 4 samples (2.0%) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed the presence of livestock-associated MRSA belonging to lineages ST398 (n = 3) and ST1 (n = 1). In one case we demonstrated that the same MRSA strain was able to persist over time on the farm, being isolated from both bulk tank milk and the udder of 3 goats 1 yr after the first isolation. The high prevalence of S. aureus-positive herds detected in this study and the presence of MRSA strains belonging to livestock-associated genotypes is of concern, and represents a novel finding in the Italian dairy goat production system. The application of stringent measures for the control of S. aureus mastitis at the farm level seems appropriate to reduce the economic losses, and to minimize the risk of foodborne illness and the transmission of MRSA to humans by occupational exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cortimiglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - V Bianchini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - A Franco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Rome 00178, Italy
| | - A Caprioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Rome 00178, Italy
| | - A Battisti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Rome 00178, Italy
| | - L Colombo
- Associazione Regionale Allevatori, Crema 26013 (CR), Italy
| | - K Stradiotto
- Associazione Regionale Allevatori, Crema 26013 (CR), Italy
| | - F Vezzoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - M Luini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Lodi 26900, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Haarstad AC, Eisenschenk MC, Heinrich NA, Weese JS, McKeever PJ. Isolation of bacterial skin flora of healthy sheep, with comparison between frequent and minimal human handling. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:215-e56. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Haarstad
- McKeever Dermatology Clinics; 7723 Flying Cloud Drive Eden Prairie MN 55344 USA
| | | | - Nicole A. Heinrich
- McKeever Dermatology Clinics; 7723 Flying Cloud Drive Eden Prairie MN 55344 USA
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Patrick J. McKeever
- McKeever Dermatology Clinics; 7723 Flying Cloud Drive Eden Prairie MN 55344 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
MRSA detection in raw milk, some dairy products and hands of dairy workers in Egypt, a mini-survey. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
17
|
Vázquez-Sánchez D, López-Cabo M, Saá-Ibusquiza P, Rodríguez-Herrera JJ. Incidence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in fishery products marketed in Galicia (Northwest Spain). Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 157:286-96. [PMID: 22704064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A total of 298 fishery products purchased from retail outlets in Galicia (NW Spain) between January 2008 and May 2009 were analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus was detected in a significant proportion of products (~25%). Incidence was highest in fresh (43%) and frozen products (30%), but it was high in all other categories: salted fish (27%), smoked fish (26%), ready-to-cook products (25%), non-frozen surimis (20%), fish roes (17%) and other ready-to-eat products (10%). A significant proportion of smoked fish, surimis, fish roes and other ready-to-eat products did not comply with legal limits in force. RAPD-PCR of 125 S. aureus isolated from fishery products was carried out using three primers (AP-7, ERIC-2 and S). Isolates displayed 33 fingerprint patterns. Each pattern was attributed to a single bacterial clone. Cluster analysis based on similarity values between RAPD fingerprints did not find relationship between any RAPD pattern and any product category. Isolates were also tested for se genes and susceptibility to a range of antibiotics (cephalothin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, oxacillin, penicillin G, tetracycline, vancomycin, methicillin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Most isolates (88%) were found to be sea positive. Putative enterotoxigenic strains counts reached high risk levels in 17 products. No relationship was found between the presence of se genes and RAPD patterns. All isolates were resistant to penicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, and most to tetracycline (82.4%), but none was methicillin-resistant. A revision of pre-requisite programs leading to improve hygienic practices in handling and processing operations from fishing or farming to retail is recommended to ensure fishery products safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vázquez-Sánchez
- Seafood Microbiology and Technology Section, Marine Research Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|