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Chelkapally SC, Terrill TH, Estrada-Reyes ZM, Ogunade IM, Pech-Cervantes AA. Effects of dietary inclusion of dry distillers grains with solubles on performance, carcass characteristics, and nitrogen metabolism in meat sheep: a meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1141068. [PMID: 37408836 PMCID: PMC10318436 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1141068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis in this scientific study to determine the effects of feeding meat sheep dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Thirty-three peer-reviewed articles that met our inclusion requirements and were published between 1997 and 2021 were examined. To calculate the variation in performance, fermentation, carcass features, and nitrogen efficiency between the DDGS and control (no DDGS) treatments, we used 940 sheep weighing an average of 29.1 ± 1.5 kg. We used a hierarchical mixed model to conduct a meta-regression, subset, and dose-response analysis, while taking into consideration categorical variables like breed (pure or cross-breed), and continuous factors, like CP, NDF, and DDGS inclusion rate. Our findings indicate that sheep fed DDGS had higher (p < 0.05) final body weight (51.4 vs. 50.4 kg), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (55.9 vs. 53.8%), and total-tract ether extract digestibility (81.7 vs. 78.7%) than sheep on a control diet. No effects were observed on DMI, CP, and rumen fermentation, but dietary DDGS tended to increase (p = 0.07) HC weight (25.53 vs. 24.6 kg) and meat (redness) color (16.6 vs. 16.3) among treatment comparisons. Dietary DDGS was associated with higher N intake (29.9 vs. 26.8 g/d), fecal N (8.2 vs. 7.8 g/d), and digestibility (71.9 vs. 68.5%). Urinary nitrogen was significantly (p < 0.05) affected linearly by increasing the intake of DDGS in the diet. Based on the dose-response analysis, dietary DDGS inclusion should not exceed 20% to avoid negative effects on performance, nitrogen metabolism, and meat color. Dietary protein from DDGS should not exceed 17% to prevent reduced TVFA concentrations. Breed strongly influenced (p < 0.05) RMD in performance, and inconsistent responses were observed between crossbreed and purebred sheep comparisons. Despite these inconsistencies, no publication bias was observed, but a high variance (Ω2) among comparisons-between-studies was detected. This meta-analysis showed evidence in support of the hypothesis that feeding meat sheep DDGS at a rate of 20% can improve their performance, digestibility, carcass weight, and meat color.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas H. Terrill
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
| | - Zaira M. Estrada-Reyes
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Ibukun Michael Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Stotzer ES, Alessi KC, Torres RN, Ogunade I, Corassa A, Moraes EH, Aliberti SR, Vieira FJ, Moura DC, Ferreira DT, Souza DS, Cordeiro PO, Molossi L, Donadia AB, Oliveira AS. Corn and sorghum distiller grains in sheep diets. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Karaca S, Erdoğan S, Güney M, Çakmakçı C, Sarıbey M, Kor A, Ülker H. Does the length of time dried distillers' grain with solubles substitution for soybean meal affect physiological indicators and meat quality in finishing lambs? Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13561. [PMID: 34018642 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how inclusion of dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) in finishing lamb diets for different periods affects some physiological indicators and meat quality. A total of 40 male lambs were divided into four groups according to feeding regimen during the 120-day finishing period as follows: C120: no DDGS included in diet for 120 days; D120: DDGS included in diet for 120 days; D75: no DDGS included in diet for 45 days + DDGS included in diet for 75 days; D45: no DDGS included in diet for 75 days + DDGS included in diet for 45 days. Dietary inclusion rate of DDGS was 27.5%. Fattening performance and rumen parameters were not affected by treatment. Feeding regimens had no significant effect on meat quality except the instrumental tenderness and juiciness score. DDGS fed lambs had higher level of total trans fatty acids and n-6/n-3 ratio in meat. 10t-C18:1, 11t-C18:1 and 9c,11t conjugated linoleic acid contents of adipose tissue were higher in all the DDGS groups compared with C120 lambs (p < .001). These results suggest that soybean meal can be replaced with corn DDGS in lamb diets for up to 120 days during the finishing period with no adverse effects on some physiological response feedlot performance and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Karaca
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Sibel Erdoğan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Güney
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Cihan Çakmakçı
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Muammer Sarıbey
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Aşkın Kor
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ülker
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Forwood DL, Bryce EK, Caro E, Holman DB, Meale SJ, Chaves AV. Influence of probiotics on biofilm formation and diversity of bacteria colonising crop sorghum ensiled with unsalable vegetables. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8825-8836. [PMID: 32910268 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterise in situ digestion kinetics and bacterial colonisation of crop sorghum ensiled with unsalable carrot or pumpkin at 0, 20 or 40% dry matter (DM). Silages with or without the application of a commercial probiotic were incubated in situ for 0, 3, 6, 9, 24 and 48 h. Calculation of in situ digestion kinetics was conducted for DM, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre (aNDF). The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to determine the composition and diversity of bacteria colonising the silage. Organic matter and DM digestion kinetics indicated that greater vegetable inclusion increased (P < 0.05) the soluble fraction and effective degradability. Bacterial richness at 48 h incubation was greater (P = 0.02) in 20% carrot and 40% pumpkin treatments, compared with the control. An effect of level × probiotic was observed with increased Shannon diversity (P = 0.01) for 40% carrot and 20% pumpkin probiotic treatments, respectively. Primary colonising bacteria were members of the Prevotella genus, dominating after 3 and 6 h of incubation. The abundance of Prevotella increased by 4.1% at 3 h (P < 0.01) and by 4.7% at 9 h incubation with probiotics, compared with the control. Secondary biofilm colonisers included members of Treponema, Saccharofermentans, Fibrobacter, Ruminobacter and Anaerosporobacter genera, dominant from 9 h incubation onward. This study demonstrated that including unsalable vegetables at 20 or 40% DM increases the soluble fraction and effective degradability of sorghum silage during in situ digestion and increases diversity of bacteria colonising ensiled vegetables within the rumen. KEY POINTS: • Ensiling unsalable vegetables is a viable strategy to reduce food waste. • Ensiled vegetables increased in situ soluble fraction and effective degradability. • Bacterial richness at 48 h incubation improved with 20% carrot or 40% pumpkin. • Diversity of colonising rumen bacteria increased with carrot or pumpkin inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Forwood
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth K Bryce
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Eleonora Caro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Devin B Holman
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Sarah J Meale
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex V Chaves
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Sustainability of feeding plant by-products: A review of the implications for ruminant meat production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Shen J, Chen Y, Moraes LE, Yu Z, Zhu W. Effects of dietary protein sources and nisin on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, nitrogen utilization, and growth performance in growing lambs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1929-1938. [PMID: 29514293 PMCID: PMC6140948 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary protein sources and nisin on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, N utilization, and growth performance in growing lambs. Thirty-two male Hu lambs (23 ± 2 kg initial BW) were assigned to four dietary treatments in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Two protein sources, soybean meal (SBM) and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), and two levels of nisin, 0 and 30.5 mg of nisin/kg of feed, were used to formulate four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. No interaction (P ≥ 0.16) of protein × nisin was found except on apparent digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF (P ≤ 0.02). Lambs receiving DDGS had lower (P ≤ 0.04) concentrations of ruminal acetate and butyrate, but propionate concentrations did not differ (P = 0.39), compared with those fed SBM, leading to a trend for reduced total VFA concentration (P = 0.07). Ruminal NH3-N and total branched-chain VFA concentrations were lower (P ≤ 0.01) in the lambs fed DDGS than in those fed SBM. The DDGS-fed lambs had less (P < 0.01) CP, but greater (P < 0.01) ether extract apparent digestibility than those fed SBM. For plasma metabolites, only blood urea N and albumin concentrations were lower in the DDGS-fed lambs (P < 0.01) than in those fed SBM. Nitrogen excretion pathway was altered when DDGS replaced SBM, with fecal N excretion (% of N intake) being greater (P < 0.01), while urinary N excretion (% of N intake) tending to be less (P = 0.06) from the DDGS-fed lambs than those fed SBM. Protein sources affected growth performance in an age/time-dependent manner. From weeks 1 to 4, DDGS resulted in less (P = 0.03) DMI and ADG than SBM. From weeks 5 to 8, DDGS did not affect (P ≥ 0.23) DMI or ADG but resulted in a greater (P = 0.04) G:F than SBM. Final BW did not differ (P = 0.58) duo to protein source. Providing nisin had no impact on DMI (P = 0.44), ADG (P = 0.84), or G:F (P = 0.73). Nisin addition only affected plasma uric acid concentration (P = 0.04). It was concluded that DDGS could substitute for SBM as a nitrogen source to growing Hu lambs to reduce N excretion via urine without adverse effects on animal performance, but nisin supplementation probably had no additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshi Shen
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Yaying Chen
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luis E Moraes
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Obeidat BS. Influence of corn-dried distiller’s grain with solubles on growth performance and blood metabolites of Awassi lambs offered a concentrate diet. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1404946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belal S. Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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