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New trends in immunocastration and its potential to improve animal welfare: a mini review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:369. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rocha LF, Souza RS, Santana ALA, Macedo DS, Santana AMS, da Silva RC, Bezerra PA, de Jesus RDL, Barbosa LP. Reproductive parameters of lambs immunocastrated with anti-GnRH vaccine. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20200237. [PMID: 34221143 PMCID: PMC8241210 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the testicular biometric, seminal, and plasma testosterone levels in lambs subjected to an anti-GnRH vaccine as a method of castration. Thirty entire, crossbred Santa Inês male lambs were randomly distributed into three treatment (T): T1 was the control group, with the administration of 1 mL of saline solution subcutaneously (SC); 1.0 and 0.5 mL of an anti-GnRH vaccine were administered SC in T2 and T3, respectively. Testicular biometric variables, physical and morphological variables of semen, and plasma testosterone concentrations were evaluated. At D60, there was a reduction in testicular length, width, thickness, and scrotal circumference of the immunocastrated animals regardless of the vaccine dose used (P < 0.05). A reduction in semen physical variables at both dosages (P < 0.05) was observed, with azoospermia, in 80% and 70% of animals in the T2 and T3 groups, respectively. At D60, the immunocastrated animals also showed an increase in spermatozoa defects (P < 0.05), whereas plasma testosterone concentration decreased (P < 0.05). Immunocastration of lambs using the Bopriva vaccine at doses of 1.0 and 0.5 mL is efficient in inducing azoospermia in up to 80% of animals, although two doses in a 30-day interval are necessary for it to be an effective and safe method. Efficacy was demonstrated through a reduction in serum testosterone levels, testicular biometry, and seminal fluid analysis. Considering the efficacy of both doses in this study, we recommend using the lower dose (0.5 mL), which will allow for a 50% reduction in vaccine costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiara Fernandes Rocha
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Rosileia Silva Souza
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Ana Lúcia Almeida Santana
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Diego Silva Macedo
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Ariadne Marques Silva Santana
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Roberta Carvalho da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Poliana Almeida Bezerra
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Ronival Dias Lima de Jesus
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - Larissa Pires Barbosa
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
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Temple D, Manteca X. Animal Welfare in Extensive Production Systems Is Still an Area of Concern. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.545902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Wassie T, Zeng F, Jiang X, Liu G, Kasimu H, Ling S, Girmay S. Effect of Kisspeptin-54 immunization on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and safety of Yiling goats. Meat Sci 2020; 166:108139. [PMID: 32289558 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of kisspeptin-54 immunocastration vaccine on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and safety of Yiling goats. Thirty buck goats were randomly assigned into three groups: PVAX-B2L-Kisspeptin-54-asd immunized (PBK-asd), control, and surgically castrated. PBK-asd immunization significantly stimulated serum anti-kisspeptin antibody production and reduced testosterone hormone compared with the control group (p < .05). Interestingly, PBK-asd plasmid did not integrate into the host genome and had no significant effect on growth hormone, body weight, and average daily gain (ADG). Conversely, surgical castration significantly reduced ADG and carcass weight compared to the control group. Furthermore, PBK-asd immunization did not affect carcass characteristics (dressing percentage, loin area, and fat thickness) and meat quality traits (pH, color, cooking loss, drip loss, and shearing force). These results indicate that the Kisspeptin-54 DNA vaccine is safe and has potential to be used as an alternative to surgical castration for goats without negatively affecting carcass and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teketay Wassie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanmei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailati Kasimu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Sun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishay Girmay
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Giriboni J, Lacuesta L, Santiago-Moreno J, Ungerfeld R. Chronic use of a GnRH agonist (deslorelin) or immunization against GnRH: effects on testicular function and sperm quality of bucks. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 71:106395. [PMID: 31731252 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic use of GnRH agonists and immunization against GnRH have been used as reversible contraceptive methods. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of both treatments to inhibit reproductive function of adult bucks, in terms of strength and duration of the effects. We used 9 control untreated bucks (CON), 7 bucks treated chronically with a GnRH agonist (subcutaneous implants with 7.4 mg of deslorelin, Suprelorin, Virbac) (AGO), and another 7 bucks were immunized against GnRH (dose of 2 mL of Improvac-Zoetis with 300 μg of a synthetic incomplete analog of natural GnRH; 300 mg of diethylaminoethyl-dextran; and 2.0 mg of chlorocresol) (IMM). Testicular and sperm evaluations, testosterone concentrations, and male odor were determined from 4 wk before applying the treatments until 17 mo of their application. Scrotal circumference of CON (21.0 ± 0.1 cm) and IMM (21.2 ± 0.2 cm) was greater than that of AGO bucks (19.9 ± 0.2 cm) (P < 0.05 for each), without difference between CON and IMM bucks. Pixels' color intensity of testicular ultrasound images was not affected by treatment (general mean ± SEM: 116.0 ± 1.8). Testosterone concentration was greater in CON than AGO and IMM in months 3 and 4, greater in CON and IMM than AGO bucks in months 15 and 16, and greater in IMM than CON and AGO bucks in month 17 (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Male odor was greater in CON (1.5 ± 0.0) than IMM bucks (1.3 ± 0.0) and greater in IMM than AGO (1.1 ± 0.0) bucks (P < 0.05 for each). Treatment negatively affected all the sperm variables: the total number of sperm in the ejaculate, sperm motility, sperm with normal morphology and sperm with integral membrane function. It was concluded that both treatments were effective in inhibiting the reproductive axis; however, neither of them produced azoospermia or decreased testosterone concentrations to undetectable levels. With both treatments, there were individual males exhibiting characteristics of fertility in all periods of the study. However, chronic use of a GnRH agonist seemed to be the most effective treatment in terms of duration and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giriboni
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - L Lacuesta
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J Santiago-Moreno
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Adapting Seasonal Sheep Production to Year-Round Fresh Meat and Halal Market in Norway. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11061554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Norway is the largest sheep meat producer among Nordic countries with more than 1.3 million lambs and sheep slaughtered in 2017. The sheep industry is limited by the need for in-house feeding during the winter months. In summer, Norwegian sheep are mainly kept on rangeland pastures, with sufficient feed for almost double the current sheep population. Lambs are slaughtered over a three- to four-month period from September to December with a peak in September–October, providing a surplus of lamb, much of which is subsequently frozen, followed by eight months during which fresh produce is in limited supply. Norwegian consumers eat an average of 5.4 kg of sheep meat per person per year, much of which is purchased as a frozen product. The Muslim (4.2% of the population) preference for year-round halal meat, with an increased demand on the eve of the Muslim meat festival (Eid al-Adha), has the potential to boost demand, particularly in Oslo. This paper provides an overview of the Norwegian sheep farming system, the current market value chains, and the potential to meet the demand for halal meat in Norway (specifically during the Muslim meat festival—Eid al-Adha) to the advantage of both consumers and sheep farmers.
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Wassie T, Liu G, Jiang X, Tesema B, Han Y, Zhao J, Girmay S, Ahmad HI. Immunization against Kisspeptin-54 perturb hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular signaling pathway in ram lambs. Theriogenology 2019; 125:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Extending the interval between second vaccination and slaughter: I. Effects on growth, scrotal size and stress responses of immunocastrated ram lambs. Animal 2019; 13:1952-1961. [PMID: 30654851 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118003592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocastration provides a less invasive means of castrating lambs. Considering increasing consumer awareness, the efficacy of this technique on commercial slaughter lambs needs to be further investigated and its effects on growth and stress responses need to be established. This study compared the growth rate, testes size and stress responses of immunocastrated lambs with that of lambs physically castrated with a Burdizzo clamp, as well as intact rams. A total of 40 Dohne Merino ram lambs (average live weight = 45.4±3.68 kg) were randomly allocated to the following four treatment groups: control (intact; R), Burdizzo-castrated (on day 2; B), immunocastrated with a 4-week (ICS4), or a 6-week (ICS6) interval between the second immunocastration vaccination and slaughter. Within the immunocastration treatments, the reaction to vaccination was assessed through injection site scoring, recording the local injection site surface temperature and assigning a walking score. The response to Burdizzo castration was assessed by scoring the reaction during the procedure, testes palpation reaction, walking gait and measuring testis temperature. Additional parameters recorded included BW, serum cortisol concentration, scrotal circumference and rectal temperature. Pain behaviours were described for the short-, medium- and long-term effects after the two methods of castration. Predominantly, tissue-hardening and bruising occurred at the injection sites of immunocastrates, but little effect was observed on walking comfort and no effect on injection site temperature or rectal temperatures. After Burdizzo castration, lambs spent more time in abnormal postures, and from day 3 (D3) to D8 of the trial, discomfort was observed during testes palpation and walking in B lambs. Serum cortisol concentrations were elevated in B lambs on D3 and D15, indicating physiological stress. Thus, immunocastration improved the welfare of castrated lambs as assessed by cortisol secretion, scrotal swelling and pain behaviours, without influencing growth rate.
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Extending the interval between second vaccination and slaughter: II. Changes in the reproductive capacity of immunocastrated ram lambs. Animal 2019; 13:1962-1971. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118003609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Needham T, Lambrechts H, Hoffman L. Influence of immunocastration vaccine administration interval on serum androgen concentrations and testis activity in ram lambs. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Needham T, Lambrechts H, Hoffman L. Influence of extending the pre-slaughter interval after second vaccination on the carcass cutting yield and the quality of meat from immunocastrated lambs. Meat Sci 2018; 148:13-18. [PMID: 30292699 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of extending the vaccination-to-slaughter interval of immunocastrated lambs on carcass cutting yield and meat quality of the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle was investigated in forty Dohne Merino lambs (8.5 months old; 53.7 ± 4.8 kg). Immunocastration booster vaccination intervals of six (IC6; n = 10) and four (IC4; n = 10) weeks prior to the slaughter age were used, with two weeks between primary and secondary vaccinations. A further 10 lambs were Burdizzo-castrated at 6.5 months old (B). The control treatment remained intact (R; n = 10). Prime cutting yields, LT muscle area, LT subcutaneous fat thickness and instrumental meat quality were accessed. Both castration methods increased LT fat thickness and decreased meat CIE a* (redness) values. Extending the vaccination-to-slaughter interval of immunocastrates increased the gastrointestinal tract fat and decreased meat redness. Immunocastration of male lambs can thus be used to manipulate backfat without negatively influencing carcass weight, cutting yield or meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tersia Needham
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Helet Lambrechts
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Louwrens Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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Yao Z, Si W, Tian W, Ye J, Zhu R, Li X, Ji S, Zheng Q, Liu Y, Fang F. Effect of active immunization using a novel GnRH vaccine on reproductive function in rats. Theriogenology 2018; 111:1-8. [PMID: 29407422 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2-multiple antigen peptide (GnRH2-MAP) on reproductive function. In our study, 20-day-old male rats (n = 90) were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: GnRH2-MAP immunization, GnRH2 immunization, and non-immunized control groups. The immunized animals were administered three doses of GnRH2-MAP or GnRH2 vaccines from 0 to 6 weeks at 2-week intervals. The control group only received oil adjuvant. Blood and right testis samples were collected, and the left testis was weighed and its volume was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after the first immunization. The serum antibody titer and testosterone concentration were determined by ELISA, and the right testis samples were collected for histological analysis. The results revealed that the serum of vaccinated rats elicited a significantly higher antibody titer and a lower T concentration compared with the control group two weeks after the first immunization (P < 0.05), but the highest antibody titer and lowest T concentration were found in animals treated with GnRH2-MAP (P < 0.05). The second immunization resulted in a significant decrease in testicular weight and volume (P < 0.05) in both immunized groups compared to the control, but these values were significantly lower in the GnRH2-MAP group than in the GnRH2 group. Furthermore, seminiferous tubules revealed more significant atrophy in the GnRH2-MAP group than in the GnRH2 group, and no sperm were observed in rats of the GnRH2-MAP group. Thus, GnRH2-MAP may be an effective antigen and a potential immunocastration vaccine with higher effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiu Yao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding in Local Livestock and Poultry, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Wenyu Si
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding in Local Livestock and Poultry, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Weiguo Tian
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding in Local Livestock and Poultry, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding in Local Livestock and Poultry, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Rongfei Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding in Local Livestock and Poultry, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xiumei Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding in Local Livestock and Poultry, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Shichun Ji
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding in Local Livestock and Poultry, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding in Local Livestock and Poultry, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Protection and Biological Breeding in Local Livestock and Poultry, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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