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Campos Farias BJ, Makoto Kayano A, Barros Luiz M, Maciel DE Lima A, Suelen da Silva Morais M, Moreira Mendes L, Mota Santana H, Reis Prado ND, Andrade Roberto S, Martins Soares A, Pavan Zuliani J, Pereira SDS, Celedonio Fernandes CF. Expanding anti-venom strategies: Camelid polyclonal antibodies with high capacity to recognize snake venom. Toxicon 2024; 247:107837. [PMID: 38945216 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Camelid immunoglobulins represent a unique facet of antibody biology, challenging conventional understandings of antibody diversification. IgG2 and IgG3 in particular are composed solely of heavy chains and exhibit a reduced molecular weight (90 kDa); their elongated complementarity determining region (CDR) loops play a pivotal role in their functioning, delving deep into enzyme active sites with precision. Serum therapy stands as the primary venom-specific treatment for snakebite envenomation, harnessing purified antibodies available in diverse forms such as whole IgG, monovalent fragment antibody (Fab), or divalent fragment antibody F (ab')2. This investigation looks into the intricacies of IgGs derived from camelid serum previously immunized with crotamine and crotoxin, toxins predominantly in Crotalus durissus venom, exploring their recognition capacity, specificity, and cross-reactivity to snake venoms and its toxins. Initially, IgG purification employed affinity chromatography via protein A and G columns to segregate conventional antibodies (IgG1) from heavy chain antibodies (IgG2 and IgG3) of camelid isotypes sourced from Lama glama serum. Subsequent electrophoretic analysis (SDS-PAGE) revealed distinct bands corresponding to molecular weight profiles of IgG's fractions representing isotypes in Lama glama serum. ELISA cross-reactivity assays demonstrated all three IgG isotypes' ability to recognize the tested venoms. Notably, IgG1 exhibited the lowest interactivity in analyses involving bothropic and crotalic venoms. However, IgG2 and IgG3 displayed notable cross-reactivity, particularly with crotalic venoms and toxins, albeit with exceptions such as PLA2-CB, showing reduced reactivity, and C. atrox, where IgGs exhibited insignificant reactivity. In Western blot assays, IgG2 and IgG3 exhibited recognition of proteins within molecular weight (≈15 kDa) of C. d. collilineatus to C. d. terrificus, with some interaction observed even with bothropic proteins despite lower reactivity. These findings underscore the potential of camelid heavy-chain antibodies, suggesting Lama glama IgGs as prospective candidates for a novel class of serum therapies. However, further investigations are imperative to ascertain their suitability for serum therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braz Junior Campos Farias
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, PGBIOEXP, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Anderson Makoto Kayano
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos Aplicados à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Marcos Barros Luiz
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, IFRO, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Anderson Maciel DE Lima
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos Aplicados à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | | | - Laryssa Moreira Mendes
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Hallison Mota Santana
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, PGBIOEXP, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Nidiane Dantas Reis Prado
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Sibele Andrade Roberto
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, PGBIOEXP, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar Martins Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos Aplicados à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pavan Zuliani
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, PGBIOEXP, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Soraya Dos Santos Pereira
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, PGBIOEXP, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Carla Freire Celedonio Fernandes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Ceará, Eusébio-CE, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, PGBIOEXP, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil.
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Choraria A, Somasundaram R, Gautam M, Ramanathan M, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Michael A. Experimental antivenoms from chickens and rabbits and their comparison with commercially available equine antivenom against the venoms of Daboia russelii and Echis carinatus snakes. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1756858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Choraria
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Mrinmoy Gautam
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | - Muthiah Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K. Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Michael
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
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Multipurpose HTS Coagulation Analysis: Assay Development and Assessment of Coagulopathic Snake Venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9120382. [PMID: 29186818 PMCID: PMC5744102 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9120382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulation assays currently employed are often low throughput, require specialized equipment and/or require large blood/plasma samples. This study describes the development, optimization and early application of a generic low-volume and high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for coagulation activity. The assay is a time-course spectrophotometric measurement which kinetically measures the clotting profile of bovine or human plasma incubated with Ca2+ and a test compound. The HTS assay can be a valuable new tool for coagulation diagnostics in hospitals, for research in coagulation disorders, for drug discovery and for venom research. A major effect following envenomation by many venomous snakes is perturbation of blood coagulation caused by haemotoxic compounds present in the venom. These compounds, such as anticoagulants, are potential leads in drug discovery for cardiovascular diseases. The assay was implemented in an integrated analytical approach consisting of reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) for separation of crude venom components in combination with parallel post-column coagulation screening and mass spectrometry (MS). The approach was applied for the rapid assessment and identification of profiles of haemotoxic compounds in snake venoms. Procoagulant and anticoagulant activities were correlated with accurate masses from the parallel MS measurements, facilitating the detection of peptides showing strong anticoagulant activity.
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