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Rey-Cadilhac L, Andueza D, Prache S. Visible spectroscopy on lamb fat and muscle to authenticate the duration of pasture finishing. Meat Sci 2024; 208:109377. [PMID: 37948958 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Pasture-based livestock systems are considered environmentally-sustainable and welfare-friendly farming systems that can meet consumer demand for good-quality produce. However, trust in products labelled as 'grass-fed' depends on the ability to reliably authenticate pasture origin. The two objectives of this study were (i) to test the ability of visible spectroscopy combined with discriminant analysis on lamb perirenal fat (PF), dorsal fat (DF) and longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle to discriminate different durations of pasture-finishing; and (ii) to determine the timing of appearance of the pasture signature and its stabilization in these tissues. Four groups of 35 lambs were used over two years, i.e. lambs fed concentrate in-stall (L0) and lambs grazing alfalfa for 21d (L21), 42d (L42) and 63d (L63) before slaughter. No one tissue satisfactorily discriminated the four treatment groups, with ≤75% of lambs correctly classified. However, visible spectroscopy discriminated L0 from L21 + L42 + L63 lambs with an accuracy of 92.8%, 92.0%, and 85.3% lambs correctly classified on PF, DF and muscle, respectively, and discriminated L0 + L21 from L42 + L63 lambs with an accuracy of 90.1%, 76.5% and 92.3% on PF, DF and muscle, respectively. The pasture fingerprint or signature on the spectrum appeared in most lambs between 0 and 21d in PF and DF and between 0 and 42d in muscle. Pasture signature gradually stabilized with increasing time on pasture but was not entirely stabilized in any tissue within the range of grazing durations explored. These promising results need to be confirmed on larger datasets with different breeds and grazing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rey-Cadilhac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - D Andueza
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - S Prache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Jakob M, Lima J, Launay F, Ferguson HJ. Skin carotenoid levels in lactating dairy cows as measured using multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy. J DAIRY RES 2023; 90:269-272. [PMID: 37691620 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029923000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
This research communication describes a pilot study measuring skin carotenoid levels of lactating dairy cows. Carotenoids are natural antioxidants, involved in cell communication and immune function, protecting against oxidative stress. They are precursors of vitamin A, important for reproduction efficiency, growth and male fertility. Therefore, easy-to-use, inexpensive methods to measure carotenoids in cattle would provide interesting data for farmers to monitor the health and nutritional status of their herds. In this study, we used a commercially available sensor based on multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy (MSRRS), intended for human use, to measure the carotenoid content in bovine skin in three research herds in France, Ireland and Scotland. Carotenoid levels were measured by applying the sensor to the teat barrel, avoiding pigmented areas of skin. Mean sensor values differed significantly between herds and between diets, with pasture-based animals showing significantly higher carotenoid levels. Our results suggest that MSRRS can be used to accurately to measure skin carotenoids in cows. However, further calibration in bovines is needed to improve of the accuracy of the MSRRS sensor in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jakob
- Department of Technological Assessment and Substance Cycles, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V., Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joana Lima
- Dairy Research and Innovation Centre, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries, DG1 3NE, UK
| | - Frederic Launay
- INRAE Unité Expérimentale du Pin, Exmes, 61310 Gouffern en Auge, France
| | - Holly J Ferguson
- Dairy Research and Innovation Centre, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries, DG1 3NE, UK
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Prache S, Schreurs N, Guillier L. Review: Factors affecting sheep carcass and meat quality attributes. Animal 2021; 16 Suppl 1:100330. [PMID: 34400114 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep meat comes from a wide variety of farming systems utilising outdoor extensive to indoor intensive with animals of various ages at slaughter. In Europe, slaughter may occur from 4 weeks of age in suckling light lambs to adult ages. More than any other animal species used for meat production, there are strong country-specific preferences for sheep meat quality linked to production system characteristics such as dairy or grassland-based systems. This article critically reviews the current state of knowledge on factors affecting sheep carcass and meat quality. Quality has been broken down into six core attributes: commercial, organoleptic, nutritional, technological, safety and image, the latter covering aspects of ethics, culture and environment associated with the way the meat is produced and its origin, which are particularly valued in the many quality labels in Europe. The quality of meat is built but can also deteriorate along the continuum from the conception of the animal to the consumer. Our review pinpoints critical periods, such as the gestation and the preslaughter and slaughter periods, and key factors, such as the animal diet, via its direct effect on the fatty acid profile, the antioxidant and volatile content, and indirect effects mediated via the age of the animal. It also pinpoints methodological difficulties in predicting organoleptic attributes, particularly odour and flavour. Potential antagonisms between different dimensions of quality are highlighted. For example, pasture-feeding has positive effects on the image and nutritional attributes (through its effect on the fatty acid profile of meat lipids), but it increases the risk of off-odours and off-flavours for sensitive consumersand the variability in meat quality linked to variability of animal age at slaughter. The orientation towards more agro-ecological, low-input farming systems may therefore present benefits for the image and nutritional properties of the meat, but also risks for the commercial (insufficient carcass fatness, feed deficiencies at key periods of the production cycle, irregularity in supply), organoleptic (stronger flavour and darker colour of the meat) and variability of sheep carcass and meat quality. Furthermore, the genetic selection for lean meat yield has been effective in producing carcasses that yield more meat, but at a penalty to the intramuscular fat content and eating quality of the meat, and making it more difficult to finish lambs on grass. Various tools to assess and predict quality are in development to better consider the various dimensions of quality in consumer information, payment to farmers and genetic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prache
- Université d'Auvergne, INRA, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - N Schreurs
- Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, PN433, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - L Guillier
- Université Paris Est, Anses, Risk Assessment Department, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Prache S, Martin B, Coppa M. Review: Authentication of grass-fed meat and dairy products from cattle and sheep. Animal 2020; 14:854-863. [PMID: 31640821 PMCID: PMC7283045 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119002568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat and dairy products derived from grassland carry premium values and sensory and nutritional qualities that aroused much interest for authentication methods to guarantee grassland origin claims. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on the authentication of meat and dairy of grassland origin from food analysis in both cattle and sheep. A range of methods alone or combined, involving analysis of elemental or molecular constituents of food product and fingerprinting profiling combined with chemometrics, have been developed and proved useful to differentiate contrasted feeding regimes and authenticate grass-fed meat and dairy. Their robustness and discriminatory reliability in more complex feeding conditions, such as in the case of dietary switches or when grass only makes up part of the animal's diet, are under active investigation. Our review highlights the possibilities and limitations of these methods, the latter being chiefly posed by variations in the quantity, characteristics and composition of grassland feedstuffs consumed by animals, which are nevertheless inherent to grassland-based production systems, variations in animal responses within and across breeds, and difficulties in detecting the consumption of non-grass feedstuffs by the animal. It also highlights a number of issues for consideration, points of caution and caveats in applying these methods. Scientists agree that much of the research carried out so far has been a 'proof of concept' type and that efforts should be made in the future to develop more databases to help gain genericity and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Prache
- Université d’Auvergne, INRA, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - B. Martin
- Université d’Auvergne, INRA, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - M. Coppa
- Université d’Auvergne, INRA, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122St-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Hajji H, Prache S, Andueza D, Smeti S, Mahouachi M, Atti N. Reliability of visible reflectance spectroscopy in discriminating between pasture and stall-fed lambs from thin and fat-tailed sheep breeds in dry and hot environment. Animal 2019; 13:2669-2678. [PMID: 31062679 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the additional market value of pasture meat, many authentication methods were developed to discriminate it from meat produced in conventional systems. The visible reflectance spectroscopy technique has proved its efficiency under European conditions and breeds. The present study tested the reliability of this method to discriminate between pasture-fed (P) and stall-fed (S) lambs under North African conditions and investigated the effect of feeding system (FS) (P v. S) and breed (Barbarine; Queue Fine de l'Ouest; and Noire de Thibar) on weight and colour of perirenal, subcutaneous and caudal fat. A total of 18 P and 18 S lambs were used with 6 P and 6 S lambs for each breed. The colour and the reflectance spectrum of different fat tissues were measured. The FS affected weights of all fat tissues and all colour parameters of perirenal and subcutaneous fat (P ≤ 0.01); it almost affected redness and yellowness of caudal fat (P ≤ 0.05; P ≤ 0.01). In all adipose tissues, lightness was higher and both redness and yellowness were lower for S lambs than P lambs. The breed affected weight, lightness and redness of perirenal fat and weight and redness of subcutaneous fat with significant interaction with FS for subcutaneous fat data. To discriminate P lambs from S lambs, the reflectance spectrum of perirenal, subcutaneous and caudal fat at wavelengths between 450 and 510 nm (Method 1, M1) or at wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm using partial least squares discriminative analysis as a classification method (Method 2, M2) were used. M2 yielded to a higher proportion of correctly classified lambs compared with M1 (P = 0.001). The proportion of correctly classified lambs using M2 was 76.4, 75.0 and 80.0% for perirenal, subcutaneous and caudal fat for P lambs and 83.3, 76.4 and 100.0% for S lambs. Despite lower reliability in comparisons to European researches, this study confirmed the efficiency of visible reflectance spectroscopy technique applied on perirenal fat in feeding systems authentication under North African conditions and spotted the caudal fat as a new support for better classification of fat-tailed breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hajji
- Institut des régions Arides, IRA-Mednine, Laboratoire d'élevage et de la faune sauvage, Route du Djorf Km 22.5, 4100 Mednine, Tunisia
- University of Carthage, INRA-Tunisie, Laboratoire de Productions Animales et Fourragères, rue Hédi Karray, 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - S Prache
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - D Andueza
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, UMR1213 Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - S Smeti
- University of Carthage, INRA-Tunisie, Laboratoire de Productions Animales et Fourragères, rue Hédi Karray, 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - M Mahouachi
- University of Jendouba, ESAK, Route de Dahmani-Boulifa 7100 Le Kef, Tunisia
| | - N Atti
- University of Carthage, INRA-Tunisie, Laboratoire de Productions Animales et Fourragères, rue Hédi Karray, 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
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To what extent is a breed-specific database necessary to differentiate meat from pasture-fed and stall-fed lambs using visible spectroscopy? Animal 2018; 12:1682-1689. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117003366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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