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Ultrasound Diagnosis in Small Ruminants: Occurrence and Description of Genital Pathologies. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110599. [PMID: 36356077 PMCID: PMC9698986 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the occurrence and appearance of various reproductive tract pathologies of small ruminants diagnosed using ultrasound. An eight-year retrospective study of collected ultrasound data was carried out in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil from September 2012 to July 2020. A total of 3463 animals from 16 sheep flocks and 10 dairy goat flocks, raised under extensive and intensive management systems, respectively, were used in the study. All animals were submitted to an ultrasound examination of their reproductive tract. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05), to compare disorder frequencies within and between species. Ewes (4.14%) had fewer reproductive disorders than does (8.98%), while rams (43.63%) and bucks (56.25%) presented no significant differences. Hydrometra was the most frequent finding in does, represented by 50.98% of cases; while, in ewes, recent fetal loss (22.85%) and cystic endometrial hyperplasia (20.00%) were the most frequent. In bucks, the findings showed no clear differences; while, for rams, the most frequent finding was testicular microlithiasis (75.00%). Ultrasonography offers clinically useful information about the reproductive tract via the images it provides; knowledge of which makes it possible to improve the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of genital pathologies.
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Rodrigues JND, Guimarães JD, Oliveira MEF, Dias JH, Arrais AM, de Sousa MAP, Bastos R, Ahmadi B, Bartlewski PM, Fonseca JF. Human chorionic gonadotropin affects original (ovulatory) and induced (accessory) corpora lutea, progesterone concentrations, and pregnancy rates in anestrous dairy goats. Reprod Biol 2021; 22:100591. [PMID: 34864544 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted in acyclic Alpine (A) and Saanen (S) goats that received intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate for 6 days, as well as 200 IU of eCG and 30 μg d-cloprostenol i.m. 24 h before sponge removal. On day 7 (day 0 = onset of synchronized estrus), all goats were randomly divided into two groups: animals treated with 300 IU of hCG i.m. (hCG; Exp.1: n = 8A; Exp.2: n = 75A + S) and untreated controls (Control; Exp.1: n = 8A; Exp. 2: n = 70A + S). In Exp.2, all goats were artificially inseminated. Transrectal ovarian ultrasonography and blood collection were done on days 7, 10, 13, 17, and 21 (Exp.1), and pregnancy detection on day 60 (Exp.2). Estrus and ovulations occurred in five hCG and seven Control animals. Accessory CL (aCL) were detected in all hCG does. The total luteal area of ovulatory corpora lutea (oCL) increased (P < 0.05) on day 10 in hCG does and remained greater (P < 0.05) than in Control until day 21. Total and high-velocity color Doppler area were greater (P < 0.05) for oCL of hCG does on days 13 and 17. Progesterone concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in hCG does from days 13 to 21 and related directly to the total luteal and oCL area for the duration of the study in all does. The pregnancy rate was higher (P < 0.05) in hCG than in Control by 22.5 %. Human chorionic gonadotropin given on day 7 of the synchronized estrous cycle positively affected CL function and pregnancy rates in seasonally anovular dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Domingos Guimarães
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, km 04, CP 145, CEP 62010-970, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Jenniffer Hauschildt Dias
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Matos Arrais
- Departamento de Reprodução e Avaliação Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km7, s/n, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Paula de Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, CEP 68746-360, Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Bastos
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, n° 2000, CEP 28013-642, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bahareh Ahmadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Pawel Mieczyslaw Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jeferson Ferreira Fonseca
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, km 04, CP 145, CEP 62010-970, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
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Maia ALRS, Arrais AM, Prellwitz L, Batista RITP, Figueira LM, Correia LFL, Fonseca JF, Souza-Fabjan JMG. Embryo development is impaired in goats that are treated for hydrometra and subsequently subjected to superovulation. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e88. [PMID: 32839201 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive efficiency after hydrometra (HD) treatment is usually unsatisfactory. METHODS To identify mechanisms involved in low reproductive efficiency of HD-treated goats, pluriparous dairy goats treated for HD (n=10, HD) or with no reproductive disorders (n=11, control: CONT) were induced to oestrus and superovulated. Goats were mated with fertile bucks and seven days after oestrus, non-surgical embryo recovery was performed. Embryos were evaluated and gene expression was performed. RESULTS There were no differences (P>0.05) in sexual behaviour parameters, superovulation response, mean number of retrieved structures and viable embryos between groups; although embryo recovery rate was higher (P=0.01) in CONT group. Structures in delayed stage (8-16 cells) were more frequent (P<0.05) in HD (29 vs 1 per cent) goats, as well as the percentage of advanced embryos was greater (P<0.05) for CONT (59.3 vs 33.3 per cent) goats. However, the expression of genes related to apoptosis (BAX and Bcl-2), trophectoderm differentiation (CDX2) and pluripotency maintenance (NANOG) was not affected (P>0.05) in embryos that reached the morulae and blastocyst stages. CONCLUSION Although the HD embryos that developed to morula and blastocyst stages showed no change in the expression of genes related to their quality and implantation capacity, overall, embryo development was impaired in HD-treated goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia R S Maia
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline M Arrais
- Departamento de Reprodução e Avaliação Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Prellwitz
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ribrio I T P Batista
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Figueira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas F L Correia
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Joanna M G Souza-Fabjan
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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