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Arcanjo AHM, Ítavo LCV, Ítavo CCBF, Dias AM, Dos Santos Difante G, Longhini VZ, Cunha CS, Gurgel ALC, de Assis Lima E, Santana JCS, da Silva MGP. Nutrient intake, productive and metabolic parameters of Nellore bulls feed a forage free diet using cottonseed cake as a fiber source. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:55. [PMID: 38265728 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
We hypothesized that cottonseed cake in confined Nellore young bulls' diet as fiber source, could maintain or improve the nutrient intake, and productive and metabolic parameters. It was evaluated the total replacement of whole plant corn silage (WPCS) by cottonseed cake (CSC) as a source of fiber in the diet. A completely randomized design with two treatments and 12 replications was used. The treatments were two experimental diets containing 300 g/kg of WPCS or CSC as roughage. All animals at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 112 days were weighed to monitor productive performance and nutrient intake. Dry matter intakes, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, physically effective neutral detergent fiber, crude protein and non-fiber carbohydrates of the WPCS treatment cattle were higher (p < 0.05), and the ethereal extract intake of cattle fed CSC diet was higher. The BW of cattle fed WPCS was higher in the two initial periods of confinement (p < 0.05). Animals from both treatments showed linear growth during the confinement period. There was a fiber source × period interaction for total weight gain (TWG), average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) (p < 0.05), with the lowest in the first 15 days and the highest at 30 days, reflecting a compensatory gain in animals fed with CSC. Bulls fed with CSC showed negative TWG and ADG in the first period (p < 0.05), but recovered in the following periods, surpassing that of the SC treatment in the last two periods. There was negative EF of bulls fed with CSC in the first period (P < 0.05), but in the following periods the CSC diet did not differ from the WPCS diet. The animals fed CSC diet showed a higher concentration of cholesterol and glucose in the blood plasma (p < 0.05). The forage-free diet containing cottonseed cake as a source of fiber replacing corn silage promoted better animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande-MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
| | - Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande-MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Menezes Dias
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande-MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Gelson Dos Santos Difante
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande-MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Zirondi Longhini
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande-MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Soares Cunha
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande-MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo de Assis Lima
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande-MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Caroline Santos Santana
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande-MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Manoel Gustavo Paranhos da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Müller, 2443. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande-MS, 79070-900, Brazil
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Sturion TU, Vicente ACS, de Paula Carlis MS, de Assis RG, de Souza TT, Polizel DM, Junior PCGD, Dos Santos IJ, Comelli JH, Biava JS, Pires AV, Ferreira EM. Processing methods of flint corn and protein supplement in forage-free diets for feedlot lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:105. [PMID: 36859568 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Diets without forage increase the productivity in less time and favor greater practicality and better quality carcass. The corn grain is mostly used associated with pellets but processing these ingredients can bring benefits. The present study evaluated the effect of diets without forage based on whole or coarse ground corn associated with pelleted or ground protein supplement on performance, eating behavior, carcass characteristics, and ruminal morphology of feedlot lambs. Thirty-five Dorper × Santa Inês lambs were used, with 23.85 ± 3.88 kg of initial body weight and 88 ± 9 days old. The experimental design was in a randomized complete block, defined by body weight and age. The experimental diets were control (CONT), containing 90% of concentrate and 10% of forage (coastcross hay), and 4 diets without forage: WC+P, 70% whole flint corn and 30% pelleted protein supplement; WC+G, 70% whole flint corn and 30% ground protein supplement; GC+P, 70% ground flint corn and 30% pelleted protein supplement; and GC+G, 70% ground flint corn and 30% ground protein supplement. There was an interaction between treatments and experimental periods for DMI in kg/day (P = 0.01) and g/kg of BW0.75 (P < 0.01; Table 3). For the DMI in kg/day, no significant differences were observed between the treatments in any of the experimental periods. However, for DMI expressed in g/kg of BW0.75, the animals fed WC+P had lower DMI than the animals on the CONT (P < 0.01) only in the first period. The ADG, FBW, and FE were not affected by the treatments. Compared to CONT, forage-free diets decreased ingestion time (min/day) and rumination and chewing (min/day and min/g of dry matter). There was no effect of treatments for any of the carcass traits evaluated. The diets did not cause lesions suggestive of ruminitis. Forage-free diets containing whole or ground corn associated with pelleted or ground protein supplement can be used successfully for feedlot lambs; they provide proper performance and carcass characteristics, without harming the animal's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Ubices Sturion
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Silva Vicente
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sousa de Paula Carlis
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa Garcia de Assis
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Teixeira de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Montanher Polizel
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias North Avenue, n 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Gonzales Dias Junior
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela Jorge Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jamile Haddad Comelli
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Janaina Socolovski Biava
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias North Avenue, n 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Evandro Maia Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Zhou J, Xue B, Hu A, Yue S, Wu M, Hong Q, Wu Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Peng Q, Xue B. Effect of dietary peNDF levels on digestibility and rumen fermentation, and microbial community in growing goats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:950587. [PMID: 36090059 PMCID: PMC9453810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.950587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) is a concept that accounts for the particle length of NDF in diets, sustaining the normal chewing behavior and rumen fermentation of ruminants. Specifically, peNDF>1.18 is the commonest one that is calculated from NDF and the percentage of feed dry matter left on the 1.18, 8.00, and 19.00 mm sieves. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of peNDF>1.18 on the rumen microbiome and its correlation with nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in goats. A total of 30 Lezhi black goats were randomized and blocked to five dietary treatments (n = 6). All the diets were identical in composition but varied in hay lengths, leading to the different peNDF>1.18 content of the diets: 32.97, 29.93, 28.14, 26.48, and 24.75%. The results revealed that the nutrient digestibility increased when dietary peNDF>1.18 levels decreased from 32.97% to 28.14%, with the highest digestibility at 28.14% peNDF>1.18 treatment, after which nutrient digestibility decreased with the decreasing of dietary peNDF levels. Ruminal NH3-N concentrations in the 29.93% and 28.14% groups were higher than that in the 24.75% group (p < 0.05). Ruminal microbial protein concentration was the highest in the 32.97% group (p < 0.05). Daily CH4 production in the 32.97% and 24.75% peNDF>1.18 treatments was lower than that in the 26.48% group (p < 0.05) and no differences were observed among other groups. The relative abundance of rumen fungi at the phylum and genus levels and archaea at the species were affected by dietary peNDF>1.18 content. In conclusion, decreasing dietary peNDF>1.18 levels within a certain range can improve nutrient digestibility and change the rumen microbial community structure of goats. Dietary peNDF>1.18 level should be 28.14% (roughage length around 1 cm) among the five levels for 4 months Lezhi black goats with the purpose of optimal nutrient digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Benchu Xue
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anhai Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangming Yue
- Department of Bioengineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy College, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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