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Hashmi AA, Bukhari U, Najam J, Dowlah T, Ali AH, Diwan MA, Anjali F, Sham S, Zia S, Irfan M. Luminal B, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2/neu), and Triple-Negative Breast Cancers Associated With a Better Chemotherapy Response Than Luminal A Breast Cancers in Postneoadjuvant Settings. Cureus 2023; 15:e40066. [PMID: 37425505 PMCID: PMC10326453 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with many histological and molecular/intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. Intrinsic breast cancer subtypes include luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), and triple-negative subtypes. The intrinsic breast cancer typing is based on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/neu, and Ki67-labeling index. One of these patients' foremost prognostic factors upon surgical resection is a response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The presence of a pathologically complete response (pCR) indicates a favorable patient outcome compared with a pathologically partial response (pPR). In this study, we compared the neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer in different intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. Methodology It was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Histopathology, Liaquat National Hospital, from January 2019 to December 2022, over three years. A total of 287 post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy cases of breast cancer were included. Anthracyclines and taxanes, coupled with or without anti-HER2/neu therapy, have been used in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment setting contingent upon the patients' HER2/neu status. The post-chemotherapy response was assessed pathologically and categorized into pCR and pPR. Results The mean age of the patients was 47.90 ± 10.34 years, with a mean tumor size and Ki67 index of 5.36 ± 2.59 cm and 36.30 ± 22.14%, respectively. Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) made up 88.2% of cases, while grade 2 carcinomas made up 45.5%. The majority of tumors (42.7%) belonged to tumor (T) stage T2, and nodal metastasis was detected in 59.7% of patients. The intrinsic breast cancer subtypes luminal B (40.6%) and triple negative (33.3%) were the most prevalent, followed by luminal A (15.8%) and HER2/neu (10.3%). In 81 cases (24.5%), pCR was detected. The association of post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy response with intrinsic breast cancer subtypes showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). The highest frequency of pCR was noted in HER2/neu cancers (58.8%), followed by luminal B (25.4%) and triple negative (23.6%). Regarding age, T-stage, tumor grade, and histological type of carcinoma, there was no discernible difference between pCR and pPR. Conversely, a significant association was noted for the Ki67 index. A Ki67 index higher than 25% showed a significantly higher frequency of pCR. Conclusions In postchemotherapy specimens, the HER2/neu breast cancer subtype substantially displayed higher pCR, followed by luminal B and triple-negative subtypes. After identifying the patients' subtypes, intrinsic subtyping can help determine the prognosis and anticipated response to chemotherapy. Furthermore, prechemotherapy breast specimens with high Ki67 index values have shown a direct association with neoadjuvant chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif A Hashmi
- Pathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ummara Bukhari
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Javeria Najam
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Tanim Dowlah
- Internal Medicine, Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Abrahim H Ali
- Internal Medicine, Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Fnu Anjali
- Internal Medicine, Sakhi Baba General Hospital, Sukkur, PAK
| | - Sunder Sham
- Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Shamail Zia
- Pathology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Statistics, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
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Abdelraouf EM, Hussein RRS, Shaaban AH, El-Sherief HAM, Embaby AS, Abd El-Aleem SA. Annexin A2 (AnxA2) association with the clinicopathological data in different breast cancer subtypes: A possible role for AnxA2 in tumor heterogeneity and cancer progression. Life Sci 2022; 308:120967. [PMID: 36116530 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous type of neoplasia with molecular and biochemical alterations in the ductal epithelium. AnxA2 has a diverse functions and through intracellular interaction with other molecules promotes carcinogenesis. AIMS To study the possible involvement of AnxA2 in breast cancer heterogeneity and cancer progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tumor tissue and serum were obtained from different breast cancer subtypes. Tumor tissues were processed for histopathological studies. AnxA2 levels were assessed in the tissues by H scoring and in the serum by ELISA. AnxA2 levels were correlated with HER2 and Ki67 and with clinicopathological data. Normal breast tissues and serum from healthy subjects were used as controls. RESULTS AnxA2 showed a peculiar distribution in tumor tissues and nearby interstitial tissues. Pattern of expressions varied in different subtypes with the highest expression in triple negative subtype. Tissue and serum AnxA2 showed significant co-upregulations in breast cancer. Moreover, they showed positive correlations with HER2 and Ki67 and associations with clinicopathological data including cancer staging and lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION For the best of our knowledge this is the first study showing correlation between AnxA2, the proposed prognostic marker and the well-established tumor markers; HER2 and Ki67. AnxA2 might contribute to breast cancer heterogeneity and is associated with poor prognosis. AnxA2 might be a prognostic marker and an additional marker for breast cancer grading and clinical staging. Interestingly, tissue and serum AnxA2 showed a strong correlation. Thus, assessing serum AnxA2 can be a noninvasive prognostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raghda R S Hussein
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hassan Shaaban
- Department of clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Hany A M El-Sherief
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Egypt
| | - Azza S Embaby
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Seham A Abd El-Aleem
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt.
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Song G, Ma Y, Ma Y, Liu P, Hou L, Xu Z, Jiang J, Shen Y, Cao Y, Zhao Y. MiR-335-5p Targets SDC1 to Regulate Progression of Breast Cancer. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2022; 32:21-31. [DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2022041813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tipatet KS, Davison-Gates L, Tewes TJ, Fiagbedzi EK, Elfick A, Neu B, Downes A. Detection of acquired radioresistance in breast cancer cell lines using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. Analyst 2021; 146:3709-3716. [PMID: 33969839 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radioresistance-a living cell's response to, and development of resistance to ionising radiation-can lead to radiotherapy failure and/or tumour recurrence. We used Raman spectroscopy and machine learning to characterise biochemical changes that occur in acquired radioresistance for breast cancer cells. We were able to distinguish between wild-type and acquired radioresistant cells by changes in chemical composition using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning with 100% accuracy. In studying both hormone receptor positive and negative cells, we found similar changes in chemical composition that occur with the development of acquired radioresistance; these radioresistant cells contained less lipids and proteins compared to their parental counterparts. As well as characterising acquired radioresistance in vitro, this approach has the potential to be translated into a clinical setting, to look for Raman signals of radioresistance in tumours or biopsies; that would lead to tailored clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Saruni Tipatet
- Institute for BioEngineering, University of Edinburgh, UK. and Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kleve, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Johann Tewes
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kleve, Germany
| | | | | | - Björn Neu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kleve, Germany
| | - Andrew Downes
- Institute for BioEngineering, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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Swellam M, Ramadan A, El-Hussieny EA, Bakr NM, Hassan NM, Sobeih ME, EzzElArab LR. Clinical significance of blood-based miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic nucleic acid markers in breast cancer: Comparative to conventional tumor markers. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12321-12330. [PMID: 30825229 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in carcinogenesis and their expression in biological fluids offer great potential as nucleic acid markers for cancer detection and progression. Authors investigated the expression level of miRNAs (miRNA-21, miRNA-126, and miRNA-155) to evaluate their role as diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer compared with other commonly used protein-based markers (CEA and CA15-3). Serum samples from patients with breast cancer (n = 96), patients with benign breast lesion (n = 47), and healthy individuals (n = 39) were enrolled for detection of miRNA expression levels and protein-based tumor markers using fluorescent real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Correlation among investigated markers with clinicopathological factors and clinical outcomes were determined. Expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 revealed significant increases in patients with breast cancer compared with both benign and control groups, the same result was reported for tumor markers; on the other hand, miRNA-126 was significantly decreased in breast cancer group as compared with the other two groups. miRNA frequencies were significantly related to clinical staging and histological grading as compared with tumor markers. Patients with breast cancer with increased miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 and decreased miRNA-126 expressions had significantly worse disease-free survival, while only miRNA-21 and miRNA-126 showed poor OS (P< 0.005). In conclusion, investigated miRNAs were superior over tumor markers for the early stage of breast cancer especially those with high-risk factor and their assessment in blood facilitates their role as a potential prognostic molecular marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menha Swellam
- Biochemistry Department Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Center for Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal Ramadan
- Biochemistry Department Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Center for Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enas A El-Hussieny
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Bakr
- Biochemistry Department Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,High Throughput Molecular and Genetic Laboratory, Center for Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Hassan
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Emam Sobeih
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna R EzzElArab
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lemler DJ, Lynch ML, Tesfay L, Deng Z, Paul BT, Wang X, Hegde P, Manz DH, Torti SV, Torti FM. DCYTB is a predictor of outcome in breast cancer that functions via iron-independent mechanisms. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:25. [PMID: 28270217 PMCID: PMC5341190 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duodenal cytochrome b (DCYTB) is a ferrireductase that functions together with divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) to mediate dietary iron reduction and uptake in the duodenum. DCYTB is also a member of a 16-gene iron regulatory gene signature (IRGS) that predicts metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients. To better understand the relationship between DCYTB and breast cancer, we explored in detail the prognostic significance and molecular function of DCYTB in breast cancer. METHODS The prognostic significance of DCYTB expression was evaluated using publicly available microarray data. Signaling Pathway Impact Analysis (SPIA) of microarray data was used to identify potential novel functions of DCYTB. The role of DCYTB was assessed using immunohistochemistry and measurements of iron uptake, iron metabolism, and FAK signaling. RESULTS High DCYTB expression was associated with prolonged survival in two large independent cohorts, together totaling 1610 patients (cohort #1, p = 1.6e-11, n = 741; cohort #2, p = 1.2e-05, n = 869; log-rank test) as well as in the Gene expression-based Outcome for Breast cancer Online (GOBO) cohort (p < 1.0e-05, n = 1379). High DCYTB expression was also associated with increased survival in homogeneously treated groups of patients who received either tamoxifen or chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry revealed that DCYTB is localized on the plasma membrane of breast epithelial cells, and that expression is dramatically reduced in high-grade tumors. Surprisingly, neither overexpression nor knockdown of DCYTB affected levels of ferritin H, transferrin receptor, labile iron or total cellular iron in breast cancer cells. Because SPIA pathway analysis of patient microarray data revealed an association between DCYTB and the focal adhesion pathway, we examined the influence of DCYTB on FAK activation in breast cancer cells. These experiments reveal that DCYTB reduces adhesion and activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its adapter protein paxillin. CONCLUSIONS DCYTB is an important predictor of outcome and is associated with response to therapy in breast cancer patients. DCYTB does not affect intracellular iron in breast cancer cells. Instead, DCYTB may retard cancer progression by reducing activation of FAK, a kinase that plays a central role in tumor cell adhesion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Lemler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
- Present address: Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, CVM Research Building 474, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Miranda L. Lynch
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
- Present address: Statistical Sciences Group CCS-6, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - Lia Tesfay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Bibbin T. Paul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Poornima Hegde
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - David H. Manz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Suzy V. Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Frank M. Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
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Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Molecular Biomarkers and the Utility of Molecular Imaging in Common Gastrointestinal Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:890805. [PMID: 26618179 PMCID: PMC4649066 DOI: 10.1155/2015/890805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Harrison ME, Power Coombs MR, Delaney LM, Hoskin DW. Exposure of breast cancer cells to a subcytotoxic dose of apigenin causes growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and hypophosphorylation of Akt. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:211-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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