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Lohajová Behulová R, Bugalová A, Bugala J, Struhárňanská E, Šafranek M, Juráš I. Circulating exosomal miRNAs as a promising diagnostic biomarker in cancer. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S193-S207. [PMID: 37888964 PMCID: PMC10669947 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer belongs to multifactorial diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and proliferation of abnormal cells. Breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and colorectal cancer are the most frequently diagnosed malignancies with a high mortality rate. These carcinomas typically contain multiple genetically distinct subpopulations of tumor cells leading to tumor heterogeneity, which promotes the aggressiveness of the disease. Early diagnosis is necessary to increase patient progression-free survival. Particularly, miRNAs present in exosomes derived from tumors represent potential biomarkers suitable for early cancer diagnosis. Identification of miRNAs by liquid biopsy enables a personalized approach with the subsequent better clinical management of patients. This review article highlights the potential of circulating exosomal miRNAs in early breast, non-small cell lung, and colorectal cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lohajová Behulová
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St Elizabeth's Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Feng N, Wu B, Zhang X, Chen J, Xiang Z, Wei Y, Zhang W. Lymph node ratio predicts overall survival in patients with stage II non-small cell lung cancer: a population-based SEER analysis. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:75. [PMID: 35982330 PMCID: PMC9388711 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there are many factors that affect prognosis, and the lymph node ratio (LNR) may play a significant role. Our study aimed to confirm the value of the LNR in the prognosis of patients with stage II NSCLC. METHODS Patient data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The classification for the LNR was best determined using the X-tile method. The correlation between the LNR and overall survival (OS) was validated after the Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed. To determine the correlation between the LNR and survival, stratification and the Cox regression analysis were used. RESULTS In our study, 14,183 stage II NSCLC patients were included. Among them, 8303 patients had N1 disease. According to the X-tile analysis, the optimal critical points for the LNR in N1 patients with NSCLC was 0.21 and 0.38. We categorized the cohorts as low (LNR-L ≤ 0.21; n = 5158, 62.1%), medium (0.21 < LNR-M ≤ 0.38; n = 1736, 20.9%), and high (LNR-H > 0.38; n = 1409, 17.0%). According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the patients with a high LNR were considerably worse than those with a medium or low LNR (P < 0.001), which was also proven by stratified and multivariate analyses. The value of the LNR was reflected in all the subgroup analyses, especially in patients ages < 60 years. The multivariate competing risks regression analysis revealed that younger age, female sex, T1 disease, adenocarcinoma and N0 disease was associated with a better prognosis after controlling for potential confounders (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS For patients with stage II NSCLC, the LNR is valuable for assessing prognosis. A higher LNR indicates a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhongtian Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wenxiong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Lymphatic Metastasis of NSCLC Involves Chemotaxis Effects of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells through the CCR7-CCL21 Axis Modulated by TNF-α. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111309. [PMID: 33158173 PMCID: PMC7694274 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and recurrence are the main causes of lung adenocarcinoma patients’ death. Lymphatic metastasis is the main way of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis. C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) overexpression has been demonstrated to mediate occurrence and progression of NSCLC. Moreover, Chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) was used to activate CCR7. The CCR7–CCL21 axis is one of the most common “chemokine-receptor” modes of action in the development and metastasis of multiple tumors. However, the role of the CCR7–CCL21 axis in lymphatic metastasis of NSCLC is poorly understood. The study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying CCR7–CCL21 axis-mediated lymphatic metastasis of NSCLC A549 cells. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) could regulate the tumor microenvironment balance by promoting chemokine secretion. Our study demonstrated that TNF-α promoted CCL21 production in human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLEC). Results further showed that TNF-α significantly activated the NF-κB pathway in HLEC. NF–κB pathway inhibition with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) caused a significant decrease in CCL21 secretion, suggesting that TNF-α-induced CCL21 secretion in HLEC was through NF–κB pathway. Co-culture of A549 cells and TNF-α-treated HLEC confirmed that the metastasis of A549 cells was enhanced, meanwhile, apoptosis-related proteins were hardly affected. The data proved that a co-culture system prevented cell apoptosis while inducing the lymphatic metastasis of A549 cells. However, the situation was reversed after neutralizing CCL21 expression, suggesting that TNF-α-induced CCL21 secretion in HLEC is involved in A549 cells metastasis. Collectively, our finding demonstrated that NF-κB pathway-controlled CCL21 secretion of HLEC contributing to the lymphatic metastasis of A549 cells via the CCR7–CCL21 axis, validating the CCR7–CCL21 axis as a potential target to inhibit metastasis of NSCLC.
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Zhang Y, Xu G, Chen M, Wei Q, Zhou T, Chen Z, Shen M, Wang P. Stage IA Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cannot Benefit From Chemotherapy: A Propensity Score Matching Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1018. [PMID: 32766130 PMCID: PMC7379031 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Adjuvant chemotherapy following resection is recommended by clinical practice guidelines for all patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy among the staging groups of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) for PDAC. Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis was performed by the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) (2004–2015) database and multi-institutional dataset (2010–2018). Baseline clinicopathologic characteristics of PDAC patients, including age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education level, county income level, county unemployed rate, insurance status, grade, stage, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, were collected. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. The SEER and multi-institutional data were adjusted with 1:1 ratio propensity score matching (PSM). Results: In total, 6,274 and 1,361 PDAC patients were included from the SEER database and multi-institutional dataset, respectively. Regardless of the count of resected lymph nodes, adjuvant chemotherapy prolonged the long-term OS time for stage IB, IIA, IIB, and III patients in both SEER and multi-institutional cohorts. Nevertheless, adjuvant chemotherapy did not provide additional clinical benefits even after a PSM adjustment for stage IA patients in both SEER and multi-institutional cohorts. Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy improved the long-term survival of stage IB, IIA, IIB, and III PDAC patients; however, it demonstrated no survival benefit in stage IA PDAC patients. Thus, adjuvant chemotherapy should not be recommended for stage IA PDAC patients. These would significantly reduce the economic burden of society and improve the life quality of stage IA PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhang
- Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Maozhen Chen
- Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tengteng Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ziliang Chen
- Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Mingyang Shen
- Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
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Wu LL, Liu X, Jiang WM, Huang W, Lin P, Long H, Zhang LJ, Ma GW. Stratification of Patients With Stage IB NSCLC Based on the 8th Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual. Front Oncol 2020; 10:571. [PMID: 32373536 PMCID: PMC7186345 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the postoperative prognosis of patients with stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), using a prognostic model (PM). Methods: Patients with stage IB of NSCLC from the two academic databases {the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER-A, N = 1,746 (training cohort)], Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center [SYSUCC, N = 247 (validation cohort)], and SEER-B (N = 1,745)} who had undergone lung surgery from 2001 to 2015 were enrolled. The primary clinical endpoint was cancer-specific survival (CSS). Covariate inclusion of prognostic indicators was carried out using a multivariable two-sided P < 0.05. We identified and integrated significant prognostic factors for survival in the training cohort to build a model that could be validated in the validation cohort. We used univariate analysis to evaluate the utilized ability of PM in the different races/ethnicities. Results: CSS discrimination in the PM was comparable in both the training and validation cohorts [C index = 0.66(SEER-A), 0.67(SYSUCC), and 0.61(SEER-B), respectively]. Discretization with a fixed PM cutoff of 291.5 determined from the training dataset yielded low- and high-risk subgroups with disparate CSS in the validation cohort (training cohort: hazard ratio [HR] 2.724, 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.074–3.577; validation cohort: SEER-B HR 1.679, 95% CI, 1.310–2.151, SYSUCC HR 3.649, 95% CI 2.203–6.043, all P < 0.05). Our five-factor PM was able to predict CSS; 48-month CSS was 87% in the low-risk subgroup vs. 69% in the high-risk subgroup for the training cohort, while in the validation cohort, they were 80 vs. 73%(SEER-B) and 84 vs. 60% (SYSUCC), respectively. In addition, the results showed that PM with all unadjusted HR > 1 was a significant risk prognostic indictor in white men (P < 0.001), Chinese people (P < 0.001), and other races (P = 0.012). Conclusion: We established and validated a PM that may predict CSS for patients with IB NSCLC in different races/ethnicities, and thus, help clinicians screen subgroups with poor prognosis. In addition, further prospective studies and more cases from different regions are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Mei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang L. Short- and long-term outcomes in elderly patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated using video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:2213-2220. [PMID: 30510426 PMCID: PMC6231434 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s175846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy has been used to treat locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). However, VATS has not been reported in elderly patients (≥70 years) with LA-NSCLC. The purpose of this study was to compare short- and long-term outcomes of patients with LA-NSCLC aged ≥70 years and 55-69 years treated with VATS. PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 2012 to January 2018, a total of 83 patients with LA-NSCLC who were ≥55 years of age underwent VATS. Patients were divided into ≥70 years group (37 cases) and 55-69 years group (46 cases), based on their age at the time of VATS. Short- and long-term outcomes of these two groups of patients were compared. RESULTS American Society of Anesthesiologists scores of ≥70 years patients were higher than those of 55-69 years patients. No significant differences were observed when comparing the general preoperative data. For short-term outcomes, there was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in length of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, conversion to thoracotomy, postoperative 30-day complication rate and severity, postoperative 30-day mortality, pathological results, compliance with adjuvant chemotherapy, or other factors. Long-term follow-up results showed that recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival were similar in both groups. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that age was not an independent predictor of overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS VATS in elderly patients (≥70 years) with LA-NSCLC can result in short- and long-term outcomes similar to those of 55-69 years patients with LA-NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, People's Republic of China,
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Zhang Q, Zhang B, Sun L, Yan Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Su Y, Wang C. Cisplatin resistance in lung cancer is mediated by MACC1 expression through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:748-756. [PMID: 29961813 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major obstacles hindering the treatment of lung cancer (LC) is chemoresistance; however, its mechanism remains unclear. The overexpression of the metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) gene has been demonstrated to reverse chemoresistance. In the current study, the expression of MACC1 in LC cells with cisplatin resistance (Cis-Re) was investigated. Cisplatin-resistant cell sublines (A549/CR and H446/CR) were induced by stepwise escalation of cisplatin exposure. MTS and flow cytometry assays were performed to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR assays were performed to determine the changes in signaling pathway-related protein and mRNA levels, respectively. A nude mouse xenograft model was used for in vivo experiments. Our results showed that MACC1 expression was increased in the cisplatin-resistant A549/CR and H446/CR cell lines, and the resistance was reversed with a decrease of MACC1 expression. MACC1 overexpression triggered an increase of Cis-Re, which was contrary to the effect of MACC1 down-regulation. In addition, the effect of MACC1 on Cis-Re was blocked by the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and treatment with both cisplatin and a PI3K/AKT inhibitor effectively inhibited tumor growth in xenografts with MACC1 overexpression. In conclusion, our results revealed that MACC1 increased Cis-Re partially via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that MACC1 could serve as a potential target to overcome Cis-Re. Furthermore, combination therapy could alleviate Cis-Re resulted from MACC1 overexpression in patients with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Leina Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingna Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Su
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Wilczak W, Wittmer C, Clauditz T, Minner S, Steurer S, Büscheck F, Krech T, Lennartz M, Harms L, Leleu D, Ahrens M, Ingwerth S, Günther CT, Koop C, Simon R, Jacobsen F, Tsourlakis MC, Chirico V, Höflmayer D, Vettorazzi E, Haese A, Steuber T, Salomon G, Michl U, Budäus L, Tilki D, Thederan I, Fraune C, Göbel C, Henrich MC, Juhnke M, Möller K, Bawahab AA, Uhlig R, Adam M, Weidemann S, Beyer B, Huland H, Graefen M, Sauter G, Schlomm T. Marked Prognostic Impact of Minimal Lymphatic Tumor Spread in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2018; 74:376-386. [PMID: 29908878 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nodal metastasis (N1) is a strong prognostic parameter in prostate cancer; however, lymph node evaluation is always incomplete. OBJECTIVE To study the prognostic value of lymphatic invasion (L1) and whether it might complement or even replace lymph node analysis in clinical practice. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective analysis of pathological and clinical data from 14 528 consecutive patients. INTERVENTION Radical prostatectomy. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The impact of L1 and N1 on patient prognosis was measured with time to biochemical recurrence as the primary endpoint. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Nodal metastases were found in 1602 (12%) of 13 070 patients with lymph node dissection. L1 was seen in 2027 of 14 528 patients (14%) for whom lymphatic vessels had been visualized by immunohistochemistry. N1 and L1 continuously increased with unfavorable Gleason grade, advanced pT stage, and preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values (p<0.0001 each). N1 was found in 4.3% of 12 501 L0 and in 41% of 2027 L1 carcinomas (p<0.0001). L1 was seen in 11% of 9868 N0 and in 61% of 1360 N1 carcinomas (p<0.0001). Both N1 and L1 were linked to PSA recurrence (p<0.0001 each). This was also true for 17 patients with isolated tumor cells (ie, <200 unequivocal cancer cells without invasive growth) and 193 metastases ≤1mm. Combined analysis of N and L status showed that L1 had no prognostic effect in N1 patients but L1 was strikingly linked to PSA recurrence in N0 patients. N0L1 patients showed a similar outcome as N1 patients. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of lymphatic invasion provides comparable prognostic information than lymph node analysis. Even minimal involvement of the lymphatic system has pivotal prognostic impact in prostate cancer. Thus, a thorough search for lymphatic involvement helps to identify more patients with an increased risk for disease recurrence. PATIENT SUMMARY Already minimal amounts of tumor cells inside the lymph nodes or intraprostatic lymphatic vessels have a severe impact on patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Harms
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diane Leleu
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Ahrens
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ingwerth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria C Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Chirico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eik Vettorazzi
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Steuber
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Salomon
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Michl
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Budäus
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Imke Thederan
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Manuela Juhnke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Bawahab
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Adam
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Beyer
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhang L, Xiao X, An H, Wang J, Ma Y, Qian YH. Inhibition of CCR7 promotes NF-κB-dependent apoptosis and suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2913-2919. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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