1
|
Atsu P, Mohammed A, Adu C, Aboagye RG, Ahinkorah BO, Seidu AA. Residence-based inequalities in overweight/obesity in sub-Saharan Africa: a multivariate non-linear decomposition analysis. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:29. [PMID: 38584291 PMCID: PMC10999097 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity remains a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and their associated morbidities and mortalities. Yet, limited studies have comprehensively examined factors contributing to the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, our study sought to decompose the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using nationally representative datasets. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 23 sub-Saharan African countries conducted from 2015 to 2022. A sample of 177,329 women was included in the analysis. Percentages with confidence intervals (CIs) were used to summarize the prevalence of overweight/obesity per rural-urban strata and pooled level. A multivariate non-linear decomposition analysis was used to identify the factors contributing to the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity. The results were presented using coefficients and percentages. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of overweight/obesity among the women was higher in urban areas (38.9%; 95% CI = 38.2-39.6) than rural areas (19.1%; 95% CI = 18.7-19.6). This pattern was observed in all the countries surveyed, except in South Africa, where women in rural areas (53.1%; 95% CI = 50.0-56.4) had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than those in urban areas (46.0%; 95% CI = 43.2-48.9). Approximately 54% of the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity was attributable to the differences in the women's characteristics or explanatory variables. More than half of the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity would be reduced if the disparities in women's characteristics were levelled. Among the women's characteristics, frequency of watching television (29.03%), wealth index (26.59%), and level of education (9.40%) explained approximately 65% of the rural-urban differences in overweight/obesity. CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight/obesity among women in SSA remains high and skewed towards women in urban areas. Increased frequency of watching television, high wealth index, and higher educational attainment contributed largely to the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity among women in SSA. Thus, interventions aimed at reducing overweight/obesity among women in SSA could be targeted at reducing the frequency of television watching as well as promoting physical activities among wealthy women and those with higher education, particularly in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Atsu
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability Studies, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aliu Mohammed
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Collins Adu
- Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Gyan Aboagye
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana.
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- REMS Consultancy Services, Sekondi-Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- REMS Consultancy Services, Sekondi-Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahn S, Lee CJ, Ko Y. Network social capital and health information acquisition. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:2923-2933. [PMID: 35637049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the associations of network social capital with obtaining health information from health care professionals, the media, and laypeople. We also investigate whether and how the relationship between social capital and health information acquisition differs by personal health literacy. We used a position generator to measure network social capital. METHODS We conducted a survey with a nationally representative sample (N = 626) in the United States in April 2014. RESULTS Network social capital was positively associated with obtaining health information from health professionals, the media, and laypeople. Also, the associations of social capital with health information acquisition from health professionals were enhanced among those with adequate personal health literacy. However, health literacy did not moderate the relationship between social capital and health information acquisition from the media and laypeople. CONCLUSION Social capital may encourage individuals to utilize health information sources. Also, health literacy might reinforce the linkage between social capital and acquiring health information from health professionals. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Social capital interventions may promote health information acquisition. Also, health professionals should communicate with patients in a patient-centered way so that low-literate individuals easily understand health information. Moreover, a universal precaution approach should be employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhwoo Ahn
- Department of Communication, Michigan State University, 404 Wilson Rd., Room 456, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
| | - Chul-Joo Lee
- Department of Communication, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yena Ko
- Department of Communication, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anxiety Disorder and Smoking Behavior: The Moderating Effects of Entertainment and Informational Television Viewing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159160. [PMID: 35954515 PMCID: PMC9368348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is more common among individuals with mental health issues than those who do not have mental illnesses. In particular, among individuals with an anxiety disorder, a high prevalence of smoking has been found. Mood adjustment theory suggests that individuals with negative moods could adjust their moods depending on the type of television they watched. To understand this relationship better, we aim to examine how different television viewing can moderate the tendency of smoking behavior for individuals with an anxiety disorder. We used national U.S. survey data and concepts from the mood adjustment theory to answer our research questions. Our main contributions were to: (1) extend the mood adjustment theory by focusing on the association between a diagnosed mental disorder (i.e., anxiety) and risky behavior (i.e., smoking), and (2) examine the nuances of television genres by dividing entertainment television into excitement-valenced and ambiguously-valenced entertainment programs, along with information programs. The primary findings show that individuals with an anxiety disorder were more likely to smoke and this association was significantly attenuated when they watched cartoons, sports, and health information programs, but the positive association between an anxiety disorder and the extent of smoking was intensified when they watched drama, music, sci-fi, and television news. Patients with an anxiety disorder may take advantage of excitement-valenced entertainment programs and health-related information but need to be cautious in choosing ambiguously-valenced entertainment programs and news.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee CJ, Pena-Y-Lillo M. A communication inequalities approach to disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption: Findings from a national survey with U.S. adults. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:375-382. [PMID: 34144855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed whether socioeconomic disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption and its differences by social capital are accounted for by exposure to media information about fruits and vegetables and reflective integration of that information. METHODS Online survey data were collected in July 2014 from 572 U.S. adults from a nationally representative online panel. Path analysis was employed to test our models. RESULTS Education and social capital were positively associated with media exposure, which was in turn positively related to reflective integration and finally led to fruit and vegetable consumption. Education and income were positively associated with social capital. CONCLUSION Differences in fruit and vegetable consumption across social groups are at least partly explained by exposure to information about fruits and vegetables from the media, and by reflective integration of that information. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Healthcare professionals and health educators should create health messages delivered via the media that are easy to understand with an appropriate level of health literacy. Also, health interventions that aim to build social capital may promote health media use and its reasoning processes, thereby reducing communication inequalities by SES as well as disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Joo Lee
- Department of Communication, Seoul National University, 504 IBK Communication Center, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kobayashi T, Tani Y, Kino S, Fujiwara T, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Prospective Study of Engagement in Leisure Activities and All-Cause Mortality Among Older Japanese Adults. J Epidemiol 2021; 32:245-253. [PMID: 33551388 PMCID: PMC9086310 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Engagement in leisure activities among older people is associated with a lower risk of mortality. However, no studies have been conducted focusing on the difference of associations with mortality risk among multiple types of leisure activities. Methods We examined prospectively the association of engagement in leisure activities with all-cause mortality in a cohort of older Japanese adults. The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study included 48,216 participants aged 65 years or older. During a mean follow-up period of 5.6 years, we observed 5,575 deaths (11.6%). We investigated the total number of leisure activities, as well as combinations of 25 different leisure activities with Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results We found a linear relationship between the total number of leisure activities and mortality hazard (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92–0.95). Furthermore, engagement in leisure activities involving physical activity, as well as group-based interactions, showed the strongest associations with lowered mortality. By contrast, engagement in cultural leisure activities and solitary leisure activities were not associated with all-cause mortality. Conclusion Although we cannot rule out residual confounding, our findings suggest that encouraging engagement in physically-active group-based leisure activities may promote longevity in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Kobayashi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Shiho Kino
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tamada Y, Takeuchi K, Yamaguchi C, Saito M, Ohira T, Shirai K, Kondo K. Does Laughter Predict Onset of Functional Disability and Mortality Among Older Japanese Adults? The JAGES Prospective Cohort Study. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:301-307. [PMID: 32418940 PMCID: PMC8021882 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While laughter is broadly recognized as a good medicine, a potential preventive effect of laughter on disability and death is still being debated. Accordingly, we investigated the association between the frequency of laughter and onset of functional disability and all-cause mortality among the older adults in Japan. Methods The data for a 3-year follow-up cohort including 14,233 individuals (50.3% men) aged ≥65 years who could independently perform the activities of daily living and participated in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study were analyzed. The participants were classified into four categories according to their frequency of laughter (almost every day, 1–5 days/week, 1–3 days/month, and never or almost never). We estimated the risks of functional disability and all-cause mortality in each category using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results During follow-up, 605 (4.3%) individuals developed functional disability, identified by new certification for the requirement of Long-Term Care Insurance, and 659 (4.6%) deaths were noted. After adjusting for the potential confounders, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of functional disability increased with a decrease in the frequency of laughter (P for trend = 0.04). The risk of functional disability was 1.42 times higher for individuals who laughed never or almost never than for those who laughed almost every day. No such association was observed with the risk of all-cause mortality (P for trend = 0.39). Conclusions Low frequency of laughter is associated with increased risks of functional disability. Laughter may be an early predictor of functional disability later on in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Tamada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Chikae Yamaguchi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Nagoya City University School of Nursing
| | | | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine.,Radiation Medical Science Center for Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Social Medicine, Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fareed N, Swoboda CM, Jonnalagadda P, Walker DM, Huerta TR. Differences Between Races in Health Information Seeking and Trust Over Time: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional, Pooled Analyses of HINTS Data. Am J Health Promot 2020; 35:84-92. [PMID: 32588638 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120934609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessed racial disparities in health information-seeking behavior and trust of information sources from 2007 to 2017. DESIGN Pooled cross-sectional survey data. SETTING Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). PARTICIPATION Data included 6 iterations of HINTS (pooled: N = 19 496; 2007: n = 3593; 2011: n = 3959; 2013: n = 3185; Food and Drug Administration [FDA] 2015: n = 3738; 2017: n = 3285; and FDA 2017: n = 1736). MEASURES Outcome variables were health information seeking, high confidence, and high trust of health information from several sources. Independent variable was race group, controlling for other sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables. ANALYSIS Weighted descriptive and multivariate logistic regression for the pooled sample assessed associations by race. Fully interacted models with race-survey year interactions compared differences in outcomes between years. RESULTS Black respondents, relative to white, had greater odds of having high confidence in their ability to attain health information, trust of health information from newspapers and magazines, radio, internet, television, government, charitable organizations, and religious organizations. Hispanic respondents, relative to white, had lower odds of seeking health information and trusting health information from doctors. They had higher odds of trusting health information from the radio, the internet, television, charitable organizations, and religious organizations. CONCLUSION Disparities between races in trust of information sources remained across time. Understanding optimal information media, their reach, and credibility among racial groups could enable more targeted approaches to developing interventions. Our analytical approach minimized limitations present in the HINTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naleef Fareed
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christine M Swoboda
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pallavi Jonnalagadda
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel M Walker
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy R Huerta
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|