1
|
Čunátová K, Fernández-Vizarra E. Pathological variants in nuclear genes causing mitochondrial complex III deficiency: An update. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 39053894 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are a group of clinically and biochemically heterogeneous genetic diseases within the group of inborn errors of metabolism. Primary mitochondrial diseases are mainly caused by defects in one or several components of the oxidative phosphorylation system (complexes I-V). Within these disorders, those associated with complex III deficiencies are the least common. However, thanks to a deeper knowledge about complex III biogenesis, improved clinical diagnosis and the implementation of next-generation sequencing techniques, the number of pathological variants identified in nuclear genes causing complex III deficiency has expanded significantly. This updated review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the genetic basis of complex III deficiency, and the main clinical features associated with these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Čunátová
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Fernández-Vizarra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xuan X, Ruan J, Wu C, Gao Y, Li L, Lei X. A TTC19 mutation associated with progressive movement disorders and peripheral neuropathy: Case report and systematic review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14425. [PMID: 37927170 PMCID: PMC10948947 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial complex III (CIII) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by symptoms such as ataxia, cognitive dysfunction, and spastic paraplegia. Multiple genes are associated with complex III defects. Among them, the mutation of TTC19 is a rare subtype. METHODS We screened a Chinese boy with weakness of limbs and his non-consanguineous parents by whole exome sequencing and targeted sequencing. RESULTS We report a Chinese boy diagnosed with mitochondrial complex III defect type 2 carrying a homozygous variant (c.719-732del, p.Leu240Serfs*17) of the TTC19 gene. According to the genotype analysis of his family members, this is an autosomal recessive inheritance. We provide his clinical manifestation. CONCLUSIONS A new type of TTC19 mutation (c.719-732del, p.Leu240Serfs*17) was found, which enriched the TTC19 gene mutation spectrum and provided new data for elucidating the pathogenesis of CIII-deficient diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xuan
- Department of NeurologyHangzhou Ninth People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Jie Ruan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Chunhong Wu
- Department of NeurologyHangzhou Ninth People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Yiyi Gao
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili HospitalNingboChina
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- First Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Banerjee R, Purhonen J, Kallijärvi J. The mitochondrial coenzyme Q junction and complex III: biochemistry and pathophysiology. FEBS J 2022; 289:6936-6958. [PMID: 34428349 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is the electron-carrying lipid in the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS). In mammals, it serves as the electron acceptor for nine mitochondrial inner membrane dehydrogenases. These include the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I, CI) and succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII) but also several others that are often omitted in the context of respiratory enzymes: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, choline dehydrogenase, electron-transferring flavoprotein dehydrogenase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, proline dehydrogenases 1 and 2, and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. The metabolic pathways these enzymes are involved in range from amino acid and fatty acid oxidation to nucleotide biosynthesis, methylation, and hydrogen sulfide detoxification, among many others. The CoQ-linked metabolism depends on CoQ reoxidation by the mitochondrial complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex, CIII). However, the literature is surprisingly limited as for the role of the CoQ-linked metabolism in the pathogenesis of human diseases of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in which the CoQ homeostasis is directly or indirectly affected. In this review, we give an introduction to CIII function, and an overview of the pathological consequences of CIII dysfunction in humans and mice and of the CoQ-dependent metabolic processes potentially affected in these pathological states. Finally, we discuss some experimental tools to dissect the various aspects of compromised CoQ oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Banerjee
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar RD, Meng L, Liu P, Miyake CY, Worley KC, Bi W, Lalani SR. Clinical exome sequencing uncovers a high frequency of Mendelian disorders in infants with stroke: A retrospective analysis. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:3184-3190. [PMID: 36065636 PMCID: PMC9703357 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Stroke causes significant disability and is a common cause of death worldwide. Previous studies have estimated that 1%-5% of stroke is attributable to monogenic etiologies. We set out to assess the utility of clinical exome sequencing (ES) in the evaluation of stroke. We retrospectively analyzed 124 individuals who received ES at the Baylor Genetics reference lab between 2012 and 2021 who had stroke as a major part of their reported phenotype. Ages ranged from 10 days to 69 years. 8.9% of the cohort received a diagnosis, including 25% of infants less than 1 year old; an additional 10.5% of the cohort received a probable diagnosis. We identified several syndromes that predispose to stroke such as COL4A1-related brain small vessel disease, homocystinuria caused by CBS mutation, POLG-related disorders, TTC19-linked mitochondrial disease, and RNASEH2A associated Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome. We also observed pathogenic variants in NSD1, PKHD1, HRAS, and ATP13A2, which are genes rarely associated with stroke. Although stroke is a complex phenotype with varying pathologies and risk factors, these results show that use of exome sequencing can be highly relevant in stroke, especially for those presenting <1 year of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runjun D. Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Linyan Meng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christina Y. Miyake
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kim C. Worley
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Weimin Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA,Corresponding Author: Seema R. Lalani, One Baylor Plaza, R806, BCM225, Houston, TX 77030,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blackout in the powerhouse: clinical phenotypes associated with defects in the assembly of OXPHOS complexes and the mitoribosome. Biochem J 2021; 477:4085-4132. [PMID: 33151299 PMCID: PMC7657662 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce the bulk of the energy used by almost all eukaryotic cells through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) which occurs on the four complexes of the respiratory chain and the F1–F0 ATPase. Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogenous group of conditions affecting OXPHOS, either directly through mutation of genes encoding subunits of OXPHOS complexes, or indirectly through mutations in genes encoding proteins supporting this process. These include proteins that promote assembly of the OXPHOS complexes, the post-translational modification of subunits, insertion of cofactors or indeed subunit synthesis. The latter is important for all 13 of the proteins encoded by human mitochondrial DNA, which are synthesised on mitochondrial ribosomes. Together the five OXPHOS complexes and the mitochondrial ribosome are comprised of more than 160 subunits and many more proteins support their biogenesis. Mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial genes encoding these proteins have been reported to cause mitochondrial disease, many leading to defective complex assembly with the severity of the assembly defect reflecting the severity of the disease. This review aims to act as an interface between the clinical and basic research underpinning our knowledge of OXPHOS complex and ribosome assembly, and the dysfunction of this process in mitochondrial disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fernandez-Vizarra E, Zeviani M. Mitochondrial disorders of the OXPHOS system. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1062-1106. [PMID: 33159691 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are among the most frequent inborn errors of metabolism, their primary cause being the dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is composed of the electron transport chain (ETC), formed by four multimeric enzymes and two mobile electron carriers, plus an ATP synthase [also called complex V (cV)]. The ETC performs the redox reactions involved in cellular respiration while generating the proton motive force used by cV to synthesize ATP. OXPHOS biogenesis involves multiple steps, starting from the expression of genes encoded in physically separated genomes, namely the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, to the coordinated assembly of components and cofactors building each individual complex and eventually the supercomplexes. The genetic cause underlying around half of the diagnosed mitochondrial disease cases is currently known. Many of these cases result from pathogenic variants in genes encoding structural subunits or additional factors directly involved in the assembly of the ETC complexes. Here, we review the historical and most recent findings concerning the clinical phenotypes and the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying this particular group of disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mukherjee S, Ghosh A. Molecular mechanism of mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly and its relation to mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:1-20. [PMID: 32304865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) is comprised of ~92 nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein subunits that are organized into five different multi-subunit respiratory complexes. These complexes produce 90% of the ATP required for cell sustenance. Specific sets of subunits are assembled in a modular or non-modular fashion to construct the MRC complexes. The complete assembly process is gradually chaperoned by a myriad of assembly factors that must coordinate with several other prosthetic groups to reach maturity, makingthe entire processextensively complicated. Further, the individual respiratory complexes can be integrated intovarious giant super-complexes whose functional roles have yet to be explored. Mutations in the MRC subunits and in the related assembly factors often give rise to defects in the proper assembly of the respiratory chain, which then manifests as a group of disorders called mitochondrial diseases, the most common inborn errors of metabolism. This review summarizes the current understanding of the biogenesis of individual MRC complexes and super-complexes, and explores how mutations in the different subunits and assembly factors contribute to mitochondrial disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Habibzadeh P, Inaloo S, Silawi M, Dastsooz H, Farazi Fard MA, Sadeghipour F, Faghihi Z, Rezaeian M, Yavarian M, Böhm J, Faghihi MA. A Novel TTC19 Mutation in a Patient With Neurological, Psychological, and Gastrointestinal Impairment. Front Neurol 2019; 10:944. [PMID: 31551910 PMCID: PMC6737916 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 2 is an autosomal-recessive disorder caused by mutations in TTC19 gene. TTC19 is involved in the preservation of mitochondrial complex III, which is responsible for transfer of electrons from reduced coenzyme Q to cytochrome C and thus, contributes to the formation of electrochemical potential and subsequent ATP generation. Mutations in TTC19 have been found to be associated with a wide range of neurological and psychological manifestations. Herein, we report on a 15-year-old boy born from first-degree cousin parents, who initially presented with psychiatric symptoms. He subsequently developed progressive ataxia, spastic paraparesis with involvement of caudate bodies and lentiform nuclei with cerebellar atrophy. Eventually, the patient developed gastrointestinal involvement. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in the TTC19 gene in the patient (NM_017775.3, c.581delG: p.Arg194Asnfs*16). Advanced genetic sequencing technologies developed in recent years have not only facilitated identification of novel disease genes, but also allowed revelations about novel phenotypes associated with mutations in the genes already linked with other clinical features. Our findings expanded the clinical features of TTC19 mutation to potentially include gastrointestinal involvement. Further functional studies are needed to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parham Habibzadeh
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soroor Inaloo
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Silawi
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Dastsooz
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mohammad Ali Farazi Fard
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forough Sadeghipour
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Faghihi
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Rezaeian
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Yavarian
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Johann Böhm
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|