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Tavares Junior MCM, Morale V, Soares LDS, Teixeira WGJ, Narazaki DK. Parasagittal resection of multilevel cervical chordoma with autograft duraplasty and unilateral vertebral artery ligation: A case report and literature review. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:1181-1189. [PMID: 38259708 PMCID: PMC10801135 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare tumors and the recommended course of treatment typically entails surgical resection, which presents significant challenges owing to the anatomical location commonly involved and the inherent resistance of these lesions to radiation and chemotherapy. This case report details the experience of a 61-year-old male who underwent a parasagittal resection spanning from C1 to C4. A durotomy was executed to enable en bloc excision of the tumor. Subsequently, a duraplasty procedure was implemented, utilizing autologous muscle fascia grafting. A comprehensive analysis of the pertinent literature was conducted to underscore the key clinical aspects and outcomes related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Morale
- Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo State – Oncologic Orthopedic Spinal Surgery Division, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Sousa Soares
- Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo State – Oncologic Orthopedic Spinal Surgery Division, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Kenji Narazaki
- Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo State – Oncologic Orthopedic Spinal Surgery Division, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- DWO Medicos Associados, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Outcomes of Recurrent Mobile Spine Chordomas. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2023; 31:e278-e286. [PMID: 36729745 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-22-00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chordomas of the mobile spine are rare malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of treatment for patients with recurrent mobile spine chordomas. METHODS The oncologic outcomes and survival of 30 patients undergoing treatment of a recurrent mobile spine chordoma were assessed over a 24-year period. The mean follow-up was 3.5 years. RESULTS In patients presenting with a recurrent mobile spine chordoma, the mean 2- and 5-year overall survival was 73% and 39%, respectively. Enneking appropriate resection trended toward improved overall survival at 5 years (100% vs. 32%, P = 0.24). Those undergoing surgical resection for recurrence had improved metastatic-free survival (hazard ratio 0.29, CI 0.08 to 0.99, P = 0.05). Positive margins were found to be a risk factor of further local recurrence (hazard ratio 7.92, CI 1.02 to 61.49, P = 0.04). Those undergoing nonsurgical management trended toward having an increase in new neurologic deficits (P = 0.09), however, there was no difference in overall complications based on treatment type (P = 0.13). CONCLUSION Recurrent mobile spine chordoma portends a poor prognosis with an overall survival of less than 40% at 5 years. Surgical resection may help prevent new neurologic deficits and tumor metastasis while en bloc excision with negative surgical margins is associated with improved local recurrence-free survival.
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Development and validation of nomograms predicting overall and cancer-specific survival for non-metastatic primary malignant bone tumor of spine patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3503. [PMID: 36859465 PMCID: PMC9977926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, no study has established a survival prediction model for non-metastatic primary malignant bone tumors of the spine (PMBS) patients. The clinical features and prognostic limitations of PMBS patients still require further exploration. Data on patients with non-metastatic PBMS from 2004 to 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Multivariate regression analysis using Cox, Best-subset and Lasso regression methods was performed to identify the best combination of independent predictors. Then two nomograms were structured based on these factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The accuracy and applicability of the nomograms were assessed by area under the curve (AUC) values, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: The C-index indicated that the nomograms of OS (C-index 0.753) and CSS (C-index 0.812) had good discriminative power. The calibration curve displays a great match between the model's predictions and actual observations. DCA curves show our models for OS (range: 0.09-0.741) and CSS (range: 0.075-0.580) have clinical value within a specific threshold probability range compared with the two extreme cases. Two nomograms and web-based survival calculators based on established clinical characteristics was developed for OS and CSS. These can provide a reference for clinicians to formulate treatment plans for patients.
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Wide Surgery in the Cervical Spine: Indications, Results, and Complications in a Series of 30 Patients Affected by Primary Bone Tumors. World Neurosurg 2021; 155:e240-e248. [PMID: 34419658 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND En bloc surgery is the mainstay treatment for primary malignant bone tumors, as well as in the cervical spine. Unfortunately, literature on the topic is limited to case reports and small series. METHODS We reviewed all patients affected by primary cervical spine bone tumors treated with en bloc surgeries from 1996 to 2016 and identified 30 eligible cases. We evaluated the clinical presentation and tumor characteristics and reported surgical results, complications, recurrence, and survival rates. RESULTS Only 17 of 30 patients had not been previously treated at presentation. Osteosarcoma and chordoma were the most frequent tumors, and pain was reported in all cases. En bloc spondylectomy, hemispondylectomy, and posterior arch en bloc resection were performed in 16, 12, and 2 patients, respectively. The obtained margin was adequate (wide and marginal) in 60% of cases and intralesional in the remaining cases. Two deaths occurred in the immediate postoperative period. Neurological deterioration, dural tear, and dysphagia were the most frequent complications. The 5-year local recurrence-free survival was 70.4%. The recurrence rate was 38.5% and 11.7% in previously and non-previously treated patients, respectively (χ2: 2.94; P = 0.086). Overall survival at 5 years was 58% and 47% for all series and malignant tumors, respectively. CONCLUSION Primary cervical spine bone tumors present a difficult approach. Findings suggest that patients treated with en bloc surgery show recurrence and survival rates comparable to the same tumors located in the thoracolumbar spine.
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Detchou DK, Glauser G, Dimentberg R, Schuster JM, Malhotra NR. Case Series of Ultrasonic Navigated Osteotomy for the Treatment of Spinal Chordomas. World Neurosurg 2021; 150:e347-e352. [PMID: 33706017 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chordomas present challenges for en bloc surgical resection, which optimally reduces local recurrence and increases patient survival. Navigated ultrasonic osteotomy, also known as piezosurgery, provides a distinct advantage for achieving negative margins after en bloc resection. METHODS Eight consecutive patients with chordomas (2 cervical, 3 lumbar, and 3 sacral) treated with navigated ultrasonic osteotomy to achieve en bloc resection were identified from our institutional spine tumor database (2016-2019) and retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS En bloc resection, with negative margins, was achieved in all cases. Two patients (25%) were women, and mean age at surgery was 44 ± 11 years. Median estimated blood loss was 1000 mL (interquartile range: 263-1500 mL). Median length of hospital stay was 10 days (interquartile range: 3-19.5 days). Two patients required a revision procedure. Two patients had complications requiring readmission within the 30-day postoperative window. Mean duration of follow-up for the cohort was 900 ± 554 days. CONCLUSIONS Navigated ultrasonic osteotomy is an effective surgical technique to achieve en bloc resection of chordomas with negative margins and disease-free survival. To date, this represents the first reported cohort of patients undergoing the procedure as described here. Future studies should include larger sample sizes for more robust clinical outcome data to further elucidate the benefits of piezosurgery for obtaining en bloc chordoma resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald K Detchou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory Glauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan Dimentberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James M Schuster
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neil R Malhotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Translational Spine Research Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Zhou L, Huang R, Wei Z, Meng T, Yin H. The Clinical Characteristics and Prediction Nomograms for Primary Spine Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:608323. [PMID: 33732642 PMCID: PMC7959809 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.608323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary spine malignancies (PSMs) are relatively rare in bone tumors. Due to their rarity, the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors are still ambiguous. In this study, we aim to identify the clinical features and proposed prediction nomograms for patients with PSMs. Methods Patients diagnosed with PSMs including chordoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and malignant giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) between 1975 and 2016 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The patient and tumor characteristics were described based on clinical information. The significant prognostic factors of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were identified by the univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. Then, the nomograms for OS and CSS were established based on the selected predictors and their accuracy was explored by the Cox–Snell residual plot, area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) and calibration curve. Results The clinical information of 1,096 patients with PSMs was selected from the SEER database between 1975 and 2016. A total of 395 patients were identified with full survival and treatment data between 2004 and 2016. Chordoma is the commonest tumor with 400 cases, along 172 cases with osteosarcoma, 240 cases with chondrosarcoma, 262 cases with Ewing sarcoma and 22 cases with malignant GCTB. The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that older age (Age > 60), distant metastasis, chemotherapy, and Surgery were independent predictors for OS and/or CSS. Based on these results, the nomograms were established with a better applicability (AUC for CSS: 0.784; AUC for OS: 0.780). Conclusions This study provides the statistics evidence for the clinical characteristics and predictors for patients with PSMs based on a large size population. Additionally, precise prediction nomograms were also established with a well-applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziheng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai, China
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Kolz JM, Wellings EP, Houdek MT, Clarke MJ, Yaszemski MJ, Rose PS. Surgical treatment of primary mobile spine chordoma. J Surg Oncol 2021; 123:1284-1291. [PMID: 33567141 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chordomas of the mobile spine (C1-L5) are rare malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to review the outcome of surgical treatment for patients with primary mobile spine chordomas. METHODS The oncologic outcomes and survival of 26 patients undergoing surgical resection for a primary mobile spine chordoma were assessed over a 25-year period. The mean follow-up was 12 ± 6 years. RESULTS The 2-, 5-, and 10-year disease-free survivals were 95%, 61%, and 55%. The local recurrence-free survival was improved in patients receiving en bloc resection with negative margins (83% vs. 35%, p = 0.02) and similar in patients receiving adjuvant radiation therapy (43% vs. 45%, p = 0.30) at 10 years. Debulking of the tumor (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.41, p = 0.01) and a local recurrence (HR = 9.52, p = 0.005) were associated with death due to disease. Complications occurred in 19 (73%) patients, leading to reoperation in 9 (35%) patients; this rate was similar in intralesional and en bloc procedures. CONCLUSION Surgical resection of mobile spine chordomas is associated with a high rate of complications; however, en bloc resection can provide a hope for cure and appears to confer better oncologic outcomes for these tumors without an increase in complications compared to lesser resections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Kolz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Houdek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Peter S Rose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Glukhov DA, Zorin VI, Yu. MA. Surgery of cervical spine tumors in the close vicinity to the vertebral artery: literature review. HIRURGIÂ POZVONOČNIKA (SPINE SURGERY) 2020. [DOI: 10.14531/ss2020.3.91-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Glukhov
- St.Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology
| | - V. I. Zorin
- St.Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology;
North-Western State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov
| | - Mushkin A. Yu.
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology
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A Novel Reconstruction Using a Combined Anterior and Posterior Approach After Axis Tumor Spondylectomy. Clin Spine Surg 2020; 33:E299-E306. [PMID: 32604195 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective study. OBJECTIVE To describe a novel reconstruction strategy using a T-shaped titanium mesh cage with posterior cervical screw-rod fixation after total spondylectomy of axis tumors. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Instability of the upper cervical spine because of tumors in axis (C2) often results in devastating complications. Surgical resection and reconstruction after spondylectomy of C2 remain a technical challenge because of the intricate anatomies, vital adjacent tissues, and the unique spinal biomechanics in this special region. MATERIALS AND METHODS The novel reconstruction mode included the construction of the anterior aspect conducted with a specially made titanium mesh cage and the posterior cervical fixation only. Patients who received total C2 tumors spondylectomy and reconstruction with this novel mode in our center between January 2009 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of this novel reconstruction method. RESULTS A total of 24 patients with C2 tumor received total spondylectomy and the new mode of local reconstruction. The neurological deficits recovered well and local pain relieved significantly (P<0.001) during the mean follow-up time of 22 months. Perioperative complications were rare and controllable. No internal fixation failure occurred. The mobility of the occipital-cervical junction was largely preserved in all patients. CONCLUSIONS This novel reconstruction mode using an anterior "T-shaped" mesh cage with posterior screw-rod fixation provides satisfactory stability and motion of occipital-cervical junction with limited complications, and therefore may prove to be an ideal option for management of C2 tumors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Ando K, Kobayashi K, Machino M, Ota K, Morozumi M, Tanaka S, Imai R, Nishida Y, Ishiguro N, Imagama S. Fusion surgery with instrumentation following carbon ion radiotherapy for primary lumbar tumors: A case series. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 62:264-268. [PMID: 30655237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is a useful modality for treatment of primary spinal sarcoma, but osteonecrosis after CIRT may cause pseudoarthrosis that can make subsequent reconstruction surgery difficult. The patients were a 68-year-old man (case 1), a 30-year-old woman (case 2), and a 49-year-old man (case 3) with lumbar lesions. After CIRT, cases 1 and 3 were treated with instrumented spondylectomy and case 2 underwent posterior decompression and instrumentation surgery. Cases 1 and 2 required several salvage procedures because of failure of instrumentation (rod breakage) before bone union was achieved. After multiple revision surgeries, these cases did achieve bone union without tumor recurrence. In contrast, in case 3, only spondylectomy using a pedicle screw system at 20 months after CIRT was required for fusion. At follow-up 11 years postoperatively, CT showed bone union with invasion of autograft bone from the iliac crest into adjacent vertebra. Collapse or a finding of viable tumor cells after CIRT requires surgery such as spondylectomy with reconstruction. Instrumented fixation following CIRT for a lumbar primary tumor should be performed with multilevel anterior support using a sufficient amount of bone graft in posterior fusion levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Machino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyotaro Ota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Morozumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Reiko Imai
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Ahmed AK, Pennington Z, Molina CA, Xia Y, Goodwin CR, Sciubba DM. Multidisciplinary surgical planning for en bloc resection of malignant primary cervical spine tumors involving 3D-printed models and neoadjuvant therapies: report of 2 cases. J Neurosurg Spine 2019; 30:424-431. [PMID: 30660123 DOI: 10.3171/2018.9.spine18607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Effective en bloc resection of primary spinal tumors necessitates careful consideration of adjacent anatomical structures in order to achieve negative margins and reduce surgical morbidity. This can be particularly challenging in the cervical spine, where vital neurovascular and connective tissues are present in the region. Early multidisciplinary surgical planning that includes clinicians and engineers can both optimize surgical planning and enable a more feasible resection with oncological margins. The aim of the current work was to demonstrate two cases that involved multidisciplinary surgical planning for en bloc resection of primary cervical spine tumors, successfully utilizing 3D-printed patient models and neoadjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karim Ahmed
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Zachary Pennington
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Camilo A Molina
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Yuanxuan Xia
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - C Rory Goodwin
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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Sáenz AA, Sánchez MP. Management of a cervical chordoma involving C7-T1. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Tu J, Li W, Shu S, Zhang Y, Hua W, Li S, Yang S, Yang C. Total spondylectomy of recurrent giant cell tumors in the cervical spine: Two case reports and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10799. [PMID: 29768375 PMCID: PMC5976291 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Spinal Giant Cell Tumors (SGCTs) are rare, aggressive, and benign tumors. Their presence in the cervical spine is even more exceptional. There are few reports of cervical GCT in the literature, especially recurrent cases. The treatment are challenging to clinically because radical resection is extremely difficult. PATIENT CONCERNS In this study, we present the cases of a 25-year-old man and a 41-year-old woman who suffered from recurrent cervical GCT. INTERVENTIONS They underwent extensive total spondylectomy of C3-5 and C2-4, respectively, by a combined anterior and posterior approach. OUTCOMES Both patients had a satisfactory prognosis after 2 years followe-up, and extensive total spondylectomy provided good disease-free survival rates. Extensive total spondylectomy of cervical recurrent giant cell tumor was successfully achieved combined anterior and posterior approach. LESSONS This surgical technique can be an effective option for this pathological condition, which is difficult to manage using other conventional treatment options including repeated curettage and radiotherapy. However, there are insufficient data on long-term subjective outcomes in this type of patient, and larger series studies are needed to determine the efficacy of this approach, especially compared with piecemeal resection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentian Li
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglei Shu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan. China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbin Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hyun SJ, Kim JW, Kim KJ, Jahng TA, Roh SW, Ra YS, Kim HJ, Rhim SC. Long-Term Results Following Surgical Resection of Chordomas in the Craniocervical Junction and the Upper Cervical Spine: Review of 12 Consecutive Cases. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2017; 14:112-120. [DOI: 10.1093/ons/opx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Evaluation of Risk Factors for Vertebral Compression Fracture after Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Primary Spinal and Paraspinal Sarcoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9467402. [PMID: 28815184 PMCID: PMC5549470 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9467402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose Carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) was effective therapy for inoperable spinal and paraspinal sarcomas. However, a significant adverse event following radiotherapies is vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). In this study, we investigated the incidence of and risk factors for post-C-ion RT VCFs in patients with spinal or paraspinal sarcomas. Material and Methods Thirty consecutive patients with spinal or paraspinal sarcomas treated with C-ion RT were retrospectively reviewed. Various clinical parameters and the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) were used to evaluate the risk factors for post-C-ion RT VCFs. Results The overall incidence of VCFs was 23% (median time: 7 months). Patients with VCFs showed a markedly higher SINS score (median value, 9 points) than those without VCF (5 points). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the SINS score was 0.88, and the optimum SINS cut-off score was 8 points. The cumulative incidence of VCFs at 1 year was 9% for patients with a SINS score under 8 points, versus 80% for those with a SINS score of 8 points or higher (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In patients with a SINS score of 8 points or higher, referral to a spine surgeon for stabilization and multidisciplinary discussion is appropriate.
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Lockney DT, Shub T, Hopkins B, Lockney NA, Moussazadeh N, Lis E, Yamada Y, Schmitt AM, Higginson DS, Laufer I, Bilsky M. Spinal stereotactic body radiotherapy following intralesional curettage with separation surgery for initial or salvage chordoma treatment. Neurosurg Focus 2017; 42:E4. [PMID: 28041314 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.focus16373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor for which en bloc resection with wide margins is advocated as primary treatment. Unfortunately, due to anatomical constraints, en bloc resection to achieve wide or marginal margins is not feasible for many patients as the resulting morbidity would be prohibitive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional curettage and separation surgery followed by spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with chordomas in the mobile spine. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with chordoma in the mobile spine treated from 2004 to 2016. Patients were identified from a prospectively collected database. Initially 22 patients were identified with mobile spine chordomas. With inclusion criteria of cytoreductive separation surgery followed closely by SBRT and a minimum of 6 months of follow-up imaging, 12 patients were included. Clinical and pathological characteristics of each patient were collected and data were analyzed. Patients were divided into two cohorts-those undergoing intralesional resection followed by SBRT as initial chordoma treatment at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) (Cohort 1) and those undergoing salvage treatment following recurrence (Cohort 2). Treatment toxicities were classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS The 12 patients had a median post-SBRT follow-up time of 26 months. Cohort 1 had 5 patients with median post-SBRT follow-up time of 65.9 months and local control rate of 80% at last follow-up. Only one patient had disease progression, at 48.2 months following surgery and SBRT. Cohort 2 had 7 patients who had been treated at other institutions prior to undergoing both surgery and SBRT (salvage therapy) at MSKCC. The local control rate was 57.1% and the median follow-up duration was 10.7 months. One patient required repeat irradiation. Major surgery- and radiation-related complications occurred in 18% and 27% of patients, respectively. Epidural spinal cord compression scores were collected for each patient pre- and postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The combination of surgery and SBRT provides excellent local control following intralesional curettage and separation surgery for chordomas in the mobile spine. Patients who underwent intralesional curettage and spinal SBRT as initial treatment had better disease control than those undergoing salvage therapy. High-dose radiotherapy may offer several biological benefits for tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis T Lockney
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and.,3Radiation Oncology, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric Lis
- 4Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Xiao JR, Huang WD, Yang XH, Yan WJ, Song DW, Wei HF, Liu TL, Wu ZP, Yang C. En Bloc Resection of Primary Malignant Bone Tumor in the Cervical Spine Based on 3-Dimensional Printing Technology. Orthop Surg 2017; 8:171-8. [PMID: 27384725 DOI: 10.1111/os.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility and safety of en bloc resection of cervical primary malignant bone tumors by a combined anterior and posterior approach based on a three-dimensional (3-D) printing model. METHODS Five patients with primary malignant bone tumors of the cervical spine underwent en bloc resection via a one-stage combined anteroposterior approach in our hospital from March 2013 to June 2014. They comprised three men and two women of mean age 47.2 years (range, 26-67 years). Three of the tumors were chondrosarcomas and two chordomas. Preoperative 3-D printing models were created by 3-D printing technology. Sagittal en bloc resections were planned based on these models and successfully performed. A 360° reconstruction was performed by spinal instrumentation in all cases. Surgical margins, perioperative complications, local control rate and survival rate were assessed. RESULTS All patients underwent en bloc excision via a combined posterior and anterior approach in one stage. Mean operative time and estimated blood loss were 465 minutes and 1290 mL, respectively. Mean follow-up was 21 months. Wide surgical margins were achieved in two patients and marginal resection in three; these three patients underwent postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy. One vertebral artery was ligated and sacrificed in each of three patients. Nerve root involved by tumor was sacrificed in three patients with preoperative upper extremity weakness. One patient (Case 3) had significant transient radiculopathy with paresis postoperatively. Another (Case 4) with C 4 and C 5 chordoma had respiratory difficulties and pneumonia after surgery postoperatively. He recovered completely after 2 weeks' management with a tracheotomy tube and antibiotics in the intensive care unit. No cerebrovascular complications and wound infection were observed. No local recurrence or instrumentation failure were detected during follow-up. CONCLUSION Though technically challenging, it is feasible and safe to perform en bloc resection of cervical primary bone tumors. This is the most effective means of managing cervical spine tumors. Preoperative 3-D printing modelling enables better anatomical understanding of the relationship between the tumor and cervical spine and can assist in planning the surgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ru Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ding Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, 411th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Hai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Jun Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian-Wen Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Feng Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tie-Long Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Spine Tumor Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Ji W, Tong J, Huang Z, Zheng M, Wu X, Chen J, Zhu Q. Stabilization of the Craniovertebral Junction with Clivus Plate Constructs: Biomechanical Comparison with Conventional Technique. World Neurosurg 2016; 94:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wu X, Ye Z, Pu F, Chen S, Wang B, Zhang Z, Yang C, Yang S, Shao Z. Palliative Surgery in Treating Painful Metastases of the Upper Cervical Spine: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3558. [PMID: 27149472 PMCID: PMC4863789 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased incidence of upper cervical metastases and higher life expectancy resulted in higher operative rates in patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the methods and the clinical outcomes of palliative surgery for cervical spinal metastases.A systematic review of a 15-case series of upper cervical metastases treated with palliative surgery was performed. All cases underwent palliative surgery, including anterior tumor resection and internal fixation in 3 cases, posterior tumor resection and internal fixation in 10 cases, and combined anterior and posterior tumor resection and internal fixation in 2 cases. Patients were followed-up clinically and radiologically after the operation, and visual analog scale (VAS) and activities of daily living scores were calculated. In addition, a literature review was performed and patients with upper cervical spine metastases were analyzed.The mean follow-up period was 12.5 months (range, 3-26 months) in this consecutive case series. The pain was substantially relieved in 93.3% (14/15) of the patients after the operation. The VAS and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores showed improved clinical outcomes, from 7.86 ± 1.72 and 11.13 ± 2.19 preoperatively to 2.13 ± 1.40 and 14.26 ± 3.03 postoperatively, respectively. The mean survival time was 9.5 months (range, 5-26 months). Dural tear occurred in 1 patient. Wound infections, instrumentation failure, and postoperative death were not observed. Among our cases and other cases reported in the literature, 72% of the patients were treated with simple anterior or posterior operation, and only 12% of the patients (3/25) underwent complex combined anterior and posterior operation.Metastatic upper cervical spine disease is not a rare occurrence. Balancing the perspective of patients on palliative surgery concerning the clinical benefits of operation versus its operative risks can assist the decision for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghuo Wu
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Anterior Spinal Reconstruction to the Clivus Using an Expandable Cage After C2 Chordoma Resection Via a Labiomandibular Glossotomy Approach: A Technical Report. World Neurosurg 2016; 90:372-379. [PMID: 26968445 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION En bloc resection of high-cervical chordomas is a technically challenging procedure associated with significant morbidity. Two key components of this procedure include the approach and the method of spinal reconstruction. A limited number of reported cases of en bloc resection of high-cervical chordomas have been reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION We report a novel case using an expandable cage to reconstruct the anterior spinal column above C2 with fixation to the clivus. We also report a novel anterior approach to the high-cervical spine via a midline labiomandibular glossotomy. We detail the management of complications related to 2 instances of wound dehiscence and hardware exposure requiring two additional operations. The final surgical procedure involved explantation of the anterior cervical plate and use of a vascularized radial graft to close the posterior pharyngeal defect and protect the hardware. At 26-month follow-up, the patient remained disease free without any neurologic deficit. DISCUSSION We report the novel use of the midline labiomandibular glossotomy for surgical approach and reconstruction of the anterior column to the clivus with an expandable cage. The unique features of this operative strategy allowed the surgical team to tailor the construct intraoperatively, resulting in solid arthrodesis without significant neurologic sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Labiomandibular glossotomy for approach to high anterior cervical chordomas followed by craniospinal reconstruction to the clivus with an expandable cage represents a novel technique for managing high cervical chordomas.
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Charest-Morin R, Dea N, Fisher CG. Health-Related Quality of Life After Spine Surgery for Primary Bone Tumour. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2016; 17:9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-015-0383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Weil AG, Shehadeh M, Ayad T, Abboud O, Shedid D. En bloc resection of a C2-C3 upper cervical chordoma: Technical note. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6:S615-8. [PMID: 26693391 PMCID: PMC4671139 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.170450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, en bloc spondylectomy for upper cervical chordomas has been reported. Most authors utilize the combined approaches (e.g., transoral tumor resection with anterior column reconstruction and primary pharyngeal closure without up-front flap repair). However, the 60% incidence of posterior pharyngeal wall dehiscence delays oral intake, typically requires an additional surgery (e.g. free-flap), and delays radiation therapy. Methods: Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of en bloc C2–C3 spondylectomy for the treatment of upper cervical chordomas utilizing a combined transoral followed by posterior approach. We used a novel anterior de-epithelialized submental island flap (SIF) as an underlay graft between the pharyngeal wall and cage/hardware to prevent pharyngeal wound dehiscence. Results: Despite a small pharyngeal fistula, the construct healed and the patient was disease-free 40 months later. Conclusion: En bloc C2–C3 spondylectomy for the treatment of an upper cervical chordoma typically requires a combined transoral and posterior approaches. This required utilization of an anterior SIF to promote adequate wound healing. This maneuver avoided incurring the typical complications of combined approaches (e.g. transoral tumor resection with anterior column reconstruction and primary pharyngeal closure without up-front flap repair).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Weil
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Notre-Dame du CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohammed Shehadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Notre-Dame du CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tareck Ayad
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Notre-Dame du CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Abboud
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Notre-Dame du CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Shedid
- Division of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Notre-Dame du CHUM, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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23
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Gokaslan ZL, Zadnik PL, Sciubba DM, Germscheid N, Goodwin CR, Wolinsky JP, Bettegowda C, Groves ML, Luzzati A, Rhines LD, Fisher CG, Varga PP, Dekutoski MB, Clarke MJ, Fehlings MG, Quraishi NA, Chou D, Reynolds JJ, Williams RP, Kawahara N, Boriani S. Mobile spine chordoma: results of 166 patients from the AOSpine Knowledge Forum Tumor database. J Neurosurg Spine 2015; 24:644-51. [PMID: 26682601 DOI: 10.3171/2015.7.spine15201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT A chordoma is an indolent primary spinal tumor that has devastating effects on the patient's life. These lesions are chemoresistant, resistant to conventional radiotherapy, and moderately sensitive to proton therapy; however, en bloc resection remains the preferred treatment for optimizing patient outcomes. While multiple small and largely retrospective studies have investigated the outcomes following en bloc resection of chordomas in the sacrum, there have been few large-scale studies on patients with chordomas of the mobile spine. The goal of this study was to review the outcomes of surgically treated patients with mobile spine chordomas at multiple international centers with respect to local recurrence and survival. This multiinstitutional retrospective study collected data between 1988 and 2012 about prognosis-predicting factors, including various clinical characteristics and surgical techniques for mobile spine chordoma. Tumors were classified according to the Enneking principles and analyzed in 2 treatment cohorts: Enneking-appropriate (EA) and Enneking-inappropriate (EI) cohorts. Patients were categorized as EA when the final pathological assessment of the margin matched the Enneking recommendation; otherwise, they were categorized as EI. METHODS Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data (Student t-test, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests). Recurrence and survival data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank tests, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling. RESULTS A total of 166 patients (55 female and 111 male patients) with mobile spine chordoma were included. The median patient follow-up was 2.6 years (range 1 day to 22.5 years). Fifty-eight (41%) patients were EA and 84 (59%) patients were EI. The type of biopsy (p < 0.001), spinal location (p = 0.018), and if the patient received adjuvant therapy (p < 0.001) were significantly different between the 2 cohorts. Overall, 58 (35%) patients developed local recurrence and 57 (34%) patients died. Median survival was 7.0 years postoperative: 8.4 years postoperative for EA patients and 6.4 years postoperative for EI patients (p = 0.023). The multivariate analysis showed that the EI cohort was significantly associated with an increased risk of local recurrence in comparison with the EA cohort (HR 7.02; 95% CI 2.96-16.6; p < 0.001), although no significant difference in survival was observed. CONCLUSIONS EA resection plays a major role in decreasing the risk for local recurrence in patients with chordoma of the mobile spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziya L Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patricia L Zadnik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jean-Paul Wolinsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mari L Groves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alessandro Luzzati
- Section for Oncological Orthopaedics and Reconstruction of the Spine, IRCCS Istituto Orthopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Laurence D Rhines
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles G Fisher
- Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Spine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Pal Varga
- National Center for Spinal Disorders and Buda Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark B Dekutoski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The CORE Institute, Sun City West, Arizona
| | | | - Michael G Fehlings
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Spinal Program, University of Toronto and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nasir A Quraishi
- Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Chou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy J Reynolds
- Spinal Division, Nuffield Orthopedic Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Williams
- Department of Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Norio Kawahara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; and
| | - Stefano Boriani
- Department of Oncologic and Degenerative Spine Surgery, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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Lee CH, Min WK. Cervical subtotal en-bloc spondylectomy of C6 mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015; 25:2117-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-4297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Operative technique for en bloc resection of upper cervical chordomas: extended transoral transmandibular approach and multilevel reconstruction. Asian Spine J 2014; 8:820-6. [PMID: 25558326 PMCID: PMC4278989 DOI: 10.4184/asj.2014.8.6.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior exposure for cervical chordomas remains challenging because of the anatomical complexities and the restoration of the dimensional balance of the atlanto-axial region. In this report, we describe and analyze the transmandibular transoral approach and multilevel spinal reconstruction for upper cervical chordomas. We report two cases of cervical chordomas (C2 and C2-C4) that were treated by marginal en bloc resection with a transmandibular approach and anterior-posterior multilevel spinal reconstruction/fixation. Both patients showed clinical improvement. Postoperative imaging was negative for any residual tumor and revealed adequate reconstruction and stabilization. Marginal resection requires more extensive exposure to allow the surgeon access to the entire pathology, as an inadequate tumor margin is the main factor that negatively affects the prognosis. Anterior and posterior reconstruction provides a rigid reconstruction that protects the medulla and decreases axial pain by properly stabilizing the cervical spine.
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Clarke MJ, Zadnik PL, Groves ML, Sciubba DM, Witham TF, Bydon A, Gokaslan ZL, Wolinsky JP. Fusion following lateral mass reconstruction in the cervical spine. J Neurosurg Spine 2014; 22:139-50. [PMID: 25431961 DOI: 10.3171/2014.10.spine13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Recently, aggressive surgical techniques and a push toward en bloc resections of certain tumors have resulted in a need for creative spinal column reconstruction. Iatrogenic instability following these resections requires a thoughtful approach to adequately transfer load-bearing forces from the skull and upper cervical spine to the subaxial spine. METHODS The authors present a series of 7 cases in which lateral mass reconstruction with a cage or fibular strut graft was used to provide load-bearing support, including 1 case of bilateral cage placement. RESULTS The authors discuss the surgical nuances of en bloc resection of high cervical tumors and explain their technique for lateral mass cage placement. Additionally, they provide their rationale for the use of these constructs throughout the craniocervical junction and subaxial spine. CONCLUSIONS Lateral mass reconstruction provides a potential alternative or adjuvant method of restoring the load-bearing capabilities of the cervical spine.
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Molina CA, Ames CP, Chou D, Rhines LD, Hsieh PC, Zadnik PL, Wolinsky JP, Gokaslan ZL, Sciubba DM. Outcomes following attempted en bloc resection of cervical chordomas in the C-1 and C-2 region versus the subaxial region: a multiinstitutional experience. J Neurosurg Spine 2014; 21:348-56. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.5.spine121045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Object
Chordomas involving the mobile spine are ideally managed via en bloc resection with reconstruction to optimize local control and possibly offer cure. In the cervical spine, local anatomy poses unique challenges, limiting the feasibility of aggressive resection. The authors present a multi-institutional series of 16 cases of cervical chordomas removed en bloc. Particular attention was paid to clinical outcome, complications, and recurrence. In addition, outcomes were assessed according to position of tumor at the C1–2 level versus the subaxial (SA) spine (C3–7).
Methods
The authors reviewed cases involving patients who underwent en bloc resection of cervical chordoma at 4 large spine centers. Patients were included if the lesion epicenter involved the C-1 to C-7 vertebral bodies. Demographic data and details of surgery, follow-up course, exposure to adjuvant therapy, and complications were obtained. Outcome was correlated with presence of tumor in C1–2 versus subaxial spine via a Student t-test.
Results
Sixteen patients were identified (mean age at presentation 55 ± 14 years). Seven cases (44%) cases involved C1–2, and 16 involved the subaxial spine. Median survival did not differ significantly different between the C1–2 (72 months) and SA (60 months) groups (p = 0.65). A combined (staged anteroposterior) approach was used in 81% of the cases. Use of the combined approach was significantly more common in treatment of subaxial than C1–2 tumors (100% vs 57%, p = 0.04). En bloc resection was attempted via an anterior approach in 6% of cases (C1–2: 14.3%; SA: 0%; p = 0.17) and a posterior approach in 13% of cases (C1–2: 29%; SA: 0%; p = 0.09). The most commonly reported margin classification was marginal (56% of cases), followed by violated (25%) and wide (19%). En bloc excision of subaxial tumors was significantly more likely to result in marginal margins than excision of C1–2 tumors (C1–2: 29%; SA: 78%; p = 0.03). C1–2 tumors were associated with significantly higher rates of postoperative complications (C1–2: 71%; SA: 22%; p = 0.03). Both local and distant tumor recurrence was greatest for C1–2 tumors (local C1–2: 29%; local SA: 11%; distant C1–2: 14%; distant SA: 0%). Statistical analysis of tumor recurrence based on tumor location was not possible due to the small number of cases. There was no between-groups difference in exposure to postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. There was no difference in median survival between groups receiving proton beam radiotherapy or intensity-modulated radiotherapy versus no radiation therapy (p = 0.8).
Conclusions
Compared with en bloc resection of chordomas involving the subaxial cervical spine, en bloc resection of chordomas involving the upper cervical spine (C1–2) is associated with poorer outcomes, such as less favorable margins, higher rates of complications, and increased tumor recurrence. Data from this cohort do not support a statistically significant difference in survival for patients with C1–2 versus subaxial disease, but larger studies are needed to further study survival differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo A. Molina
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher P. Ames
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Dean Chou
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Laurence D. Rhines
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Patrick C. Hsieh
- 4Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patricia L. Zadnik
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jean-Paul Wolinsky
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ziya L. Gokaslan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel M. Sciubba
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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George B, Bresson D, Bouazza S, Froelich S, Mandonnet E, Hamdi S, Orabi M, Polivka M, Cazorla A, Adle-Biassette H, Guichard JP, Duet M, Gayat E, Vallée F, Canova CH, Riet F, Bolle S, Calugaru V, Dendale R, Mazeron JJ, Feuvret L, Boissier E, Vignot S, Puget S, Sainte-Rose C, Beccaria K. [Chordoma]. Neurochirurgie 2014; 60:63-140. [PMID: 24856008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To review in the literature, all the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histological and therapeutic data regarding chordomas as well as various notochordal entities: ecchordosis physaliphora, intradural and intraparenchymatous chordomas, benign notochordal cell tumors, parachordomas and extra-axial chordomas. To identify different types of chordomas, including familial forms, associations with tuberous sclerosis, Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome, forms with metastasis and seeding. To assess the recent data regarding molecular biology and progress in targeted therapy. To compare the different types of radiotherapy, especially protontherapy and their therapeutic effects. To review the largest series of chordomas in their different localizations (skull base, sacrum and mobile spine) from the literature. MATERIALS The series of 136 chordomas treated and followed up over 20 years (1972-2012) in the department of neurosurgery at Lariboisière hospital is reviewed. It includes: 58 chordomas of the skull base, 47 of the craniocervical junction, 23 of the cervical spine and 8 from the lombosacral region. Similarly, 31 chordomas in children (less than 18 years of age), observed in the departments of neurosurgery of les Enfants-Malades and Lariboisière hospitals, are presented. They were observed between 1976 and 2010 and were located intracranially (n=22 including 13 with cervical extension), 4 at the craniocervical junction level and 5 in the cervical spine. METHODS In the entire Lariboisière series and in the different groups of localization, different parameters were analyzed: the delay of diagnosis, of follow-up, of occurrence of metastasis, recurrence and death, the number of primary patients and patients referred to us after progression or recurrence and the number of deaths, recurrences and metastases. The influence of the quality of resection (total, subtotal and partial) on the prognosis is also presented. Kaplan-Meier actuarial curves of overall survival and disease free survival were performed in the entire series, including the different groups of localization based on the following 4 parameters: age, primary and secondary patients, quality of resection and protontherapy. In the pediatric series, a similar analysis was carried-out but was limited by the small number of patients in the subgroups. RESULTS In the Lariboisière series, the mean delay of diagnosis is 10 months and the mean follow-up is 80 months in each group. The delay before recurrence, metastasis and death is always better for the skull base chordomas and worse for those of the craniocervical junction, which have similar results to those of the cervical spine. Similar figures were observed as regards the number of deaths, metastases and recurrences. Quality of resection is the major factor of prognosis with 20.5 % of deaths and 28 % of recurrences after total resection as compared to 52.5 % and 47.5 % after subtotal resection. This is still more obvious in the group of skull base chordomas. Adding protontherapy to a total resection can still improve the results but there is no change after subtotal resection. The actuarial curve of overall survival shows a clear cut in the slope with some chordomas having a fast evolution towards recurrence and death in less than 4 years and others having a long survival of sometimes more than 20 years. Also, age has no influence on the prognosis. In primary patients, disease free survival is better than in secondary patients but not in overall survival. Protontherapy only improves the overall survival in the entire series and in the skull base group. Total resection improves both the overall and disease free survival in each group. Finally, the adjunct of protontherapy after total resection is clearly demonstrated. In the pediatric series, the median follow-up is 5.7 years. Overall survival and disease free survival are respectively 63 % and 54.3 %. Factors of prognosis are the histological type (atypical forms), localization (worse for the cervical spine and better for the clivus) and again it will depend on the quality of resection. CONCLUSIONS Many different pathologies derived from the notochord can be observed: some are remnants, some may be precursors of chordomas and some have similar features but are probably not genuine chordomas. To-day, immuno-histological studies should permit to differentiate them from real chordomas. Improving knowledge of molecular biology raises hopes for complementary treatments but to date the quality of surgical resection is still the main factor of prognosis. Complementary protontherapy seems useful, especially in skull base chordomas, which have better overall results than those of the craniocervical junction and of the cervical spine. However, we are still lacking an intrinsic marker of evolution to differentiate the slow growing chordomas with an indolent evolution from aggressive types leading rapidly to recurrence and death on which more aggressive treatments should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- B George
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - D Bresson
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - S Bouazza
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - S Froelich
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - E Mandonnet
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - S Hamdi
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Orabi
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Polivka
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - A Cazorla
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - H Adle-Biassette
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - J-P Guichard
- Service de neuroradiologie, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - M Duet
- Service de médecine nucléaire, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - E Gayat
- Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - F Vallée
- Service d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - C-H Canova
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - F Riet
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Bolle
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - V Calugaru
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - R Dendale
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - J-J Mazeron
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - L Feuvret
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - E Boissier
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Vignot
- Service de radiothérapie et d'oncologie médicale, hôpital de la Salpêtrière, institut Gustave-Roussy, institut Curie, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - S Puget
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - C Sainte-Rose
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - K Beccaria
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Necker, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
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Kaloostian PE, Gokaslan ZL. Surgical management of primary tumors of the cervical spine: surgical considerations and avoidance of complications. Neurol Res 2014; 36:557-65. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132814y.0000000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kaloostian PE, Zadnik PL, Etame AB, Vrionis FD, Gokaslan ZL, Sciubba DM. Surgical Management of Primary and Metastatic Spinal Tumors. Cancer Control 2014; 21:133-9. [DOI: 10.1177/107327481402100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The axial skeleton is a common site for primary tumors and metastatic disease, with metastatic disease being much more common. Primary and metastatic spinal tumors have a diverse range of aggressiveness, ranging from benign lesions to highly infiltrative malignant tumors. Methods The authors reviewed the results of articles describing the treatment and outcomes of patients with metastatic disease or primary tumors of the spinal column. Results En bloc resection is the mainstay of treatment for malignant primary tumors of the spinal column. Intralesional resection is generally appropriate for benign primary tumors. Low-quality evidence supports the use of chemotherapy in select primary tumors; however, radiation therapy is often used for incompletely resected or unresectable lesions. Surgical considerations for the treatment of metastatic disease are more nuanced and require that the health care professional consider patient performance status and the pathology of the primary tumor. Conclusions The treatment of metastatic and primary tumors of the spinal column requires a multidisciplinary approach in order to offer patients the best opportunity for long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Kaloostian
- Department of Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patricia L. Zadnik
- Department of Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Arnold B. Etame
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Orthopedics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Frank D. Vrionis
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Orthopedics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ziya L. Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel M. Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
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Guppy KH, Chakrabarti I, Isaacs RS, Jun JH. En bloc resection of a multilevel high-cervical chordoma involving C-2: new operative modalities. J Neurosurg Spine 2013; 19:232-42. [DOI: 10.3171/2013.5.spine121039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
En bloc resection of cervical chordomas has led to longer survival rates but has resulted in significant morbidities from the procedure, especially when the tumor is multilevel and located in the high-cervical (C1–3) region. To date, there have been only 5 reported cases of multilevel en bloc resection of chordomas in the high-cervical spine. In this technical report the authors describe a sixth case. A complete spondylectomy was performed at C-2 and C-3 with spinal reconstruction and stabilization, using several new modalities that were not used in the previous cases. The use of 1) preoperative endovascular sacrificing of the vertebral artery, 2) CT image-guidance, 3) an ultrasonic aspirator for skeletonizing the vertebral artery, and 4) the custom design of an anterior cage all contributed to absence of intraoperative or long-term (20 months) hardware failure and pseudarthrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kern H. Guppy
- 1Department of Neurosurgery,
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Indro Chakrabarti
- 1Department of Neurosurgery,
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jae H. Jun
- 4Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Sacramento, California; and
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Wu W, Li F, Fang Z, Xiong W, Guan HF, Xiao J, Guo FJ, Chen AM. Total spondylectomy of C2 and circumferential reconstruction via combined anterior and posterior approach to cervical spine for axis tumor surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:126-132. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the cervical spine: a case report. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:32. [PMID: 23375124 PMCID: PMC3599151 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a rare and aggressive bone tumor with poor prognosis. Primary DDCS of the mobile spine is extremely rare, particularly in the cervical spine. We herein describe a first case of cervical DDCS in an 81-year-old male presenting with a slowly growing mass. Radiographs showed an expansion of the cortical contour of the C2 lamina and a soft tissue mass with punctate calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a lobulated lesion expanding over the entire lamina and pedicles of C2 with the tumor protuberant to the adjacent soft tissue. A complete tumor resection was performed. Histologically, the majority of the tumor was a low-grade chondrosarcoma component. However, atypical spindle cells that had proliferated in a fascicular pattern with a collagenous stroma, mimicking fibrosarcoma, were focally observed without a transitional zone, and these features confirmed that the tumor was DDCS.
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Jahangiri A, Jian B, Miller L, El-Sayed IH, Aghi MK. Skull base chordomas: clinical features, prognostic factors, and therapeutics. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2012; 24:79-88. [PMID: 23174359 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chordomas of the skull base are one of the rarest intracranial malignancies that arise from ectopic remnants of embryonal notochod. The proximity of many chordomas to neurovascular structures makes gross total resection difficult, and the tendency for recurrence leads to the routine use of adjuvant postoperative radiation. Several surgical approaches are used ranging from extensive craniotomies to minimally invasive endonasal endoscopic approaches. In this review, the histopathology and epidemiology, imaging characteristics, surgical approaches, adjuvant therapies, prognostic factors, and molecular biology of chordomas are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Jahangiri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Wang Y, Xiao J, Wu Z, Huang Q, Huang W, Zhu Q, Lin Z, Wang L. Primary chordomas of the cervical spine: a consecutive series of 14 surgically managed cases. J Neurosurg Spine 2012; 17:292-9. [PMID: 22920610 DOI: 10.3171/2012.7.spine12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Cervical chordomas are rare lesions and usually bring about challenges in treatment planning because of their wide extension and complicated adjacent anatomy. There are few large published series at present focusing on cervical chordomas. The authors studied a consecutive series of 14 patients with primary cervical chordomas who underwent surgical treatment and were observed between 1989 and 2008. By reviewing the clinical patterns and follow-up data, they sought to investigate the clinical characters, tailor the appropriate surgical techniques, and establish prognosis factors for cervical chordomas. METHODS Hospitalization and follow-up data in the 14 patients were collected. All patients underwent piecemeal tumor excision and reconstruction for stability; total spondylectomy was achieved in 5 cases. Postoperative radiotherapy was administered in all patients. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to represent tumor recurrence and patient survival, and log-rank testing was used to determine the risk factors of local recurrence. RESULTS Follow-up ranged from 8 to 120 months (mean 58.6 months). Symptom and neural status in most patients improved after surgery. The 1- and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 78.6% and 50%, respectively, and the 1- and 5-year survival rates were 92.9% and 85.7%, respectively. Log-rank tests revealed that the following variables were significantly associated with a high rate of tumor recurrence: age less than 40 years or greater than 70 years (p = 0.006) and an upper cervical tumor location (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Chordomas in the cervical spine are usually neoplasms that exhibit insidious growth and a wide extension by the time of diagnosis. Radical intralesional debulking surgery and postoperative radiotherapy have been effective treatment. A limited application of en bloc tumor resection and the highly likely intraoperative intralesional tumor seeding may partially explain the high local recurrence rate, whereas the chance of distant metastases, fortunately, is very low. Most recurrence were documented within 3 years. Some specific surgical techniques should be emphasized to minimize tumor seeding. Patients with upper cervical chordomas, younger adults, and elderly adults have worse prognosis. For patients with chordoma extending to both the anterior and posterior spinal columns, total spondylectomy combined with piecemeal excision is recommended for a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- The Spinal Tumor Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Dasenbrock HH, Pradilla G, Witham TF, Gokaslan ZL, Bydon A. The Impact of Weekend Hospital Admission on the Timing of Intervention and Outcomes After Surgery for Spinal Metastases. Neurosurgery 2012; 70:586-93. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e318232d1ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Molina CA, Gokaslan ZL, Sciubba DM. Diagnosis and management of metastatic cervical spine tumors. Orthop Clin North Am 2012; 43:75-87, viii-ix. [PMID: 22082631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The bony spine is overall the third most common site for distant cancer metastasis, with the cervical spine involved in approximately 8 to 20% of metastatic spine disease cases. Diagnosis and management of metastatic spine disease requires disease categorization into the compartment involved, pathology of the lesion, and anatomic region involved. The diagnostic approach should commence with careful physical examination, and the workup should include plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and bone scintigraphy. Management ranges from palliative nonoperative to aggressive surgical treatment. Optimal management requires proper patient selection to individualize the most appropriate treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo A Molina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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En bloc excisions of chordomas in the cervical spine: review of five consecutive cases with more than 4-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011; 36:E1581-7. [PMID: 22048652 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e318211839c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series of five consecutive patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the oncological outcomes and morbidity rates after en bloc excisions of cervical chordomas. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Studies have demonstrated that en bloc surgical excision of chordoma with negative margins results in improved local disease control and survival compared with intralesional resections. Chordomas arising from the cervical spine are rare and they present unique challenges for en bloc tumor excision. We present a series of five consecutive cases of cervical chordoma managed with en bloc tumor excision, which represents one of the largest surgical experiences of cervical chordomas reported to date. METHODS A retrospective review of our institutional spine tumor database identified five consecutive patients who underwent en bloc tumor excision for cervical spine chordoma from 2000 to 2007. We analyze their surgical margins, perioperative complications, tumor recurrence rate, and survival. RESULTS Our review demonstrated that dysphagia and cervicalgia were the most common presenting symptoms for cervical chordoma. The mean age of diagnosis in this cohort was 52.4 years and our mean follow-up is 54.7 months. All five patients required multistage procedures to achieve en bloc tumor excision. Independent analysis of the surgical margins by the pathologists revealed that marginal en bloc excisions were achieved in all five patients. Our 30-day perioperative complication was significant for one case of transient radiculopathy with paresis and one wound infection. Other long-term complications included three cases with pseudoarthrosis with instrumentation failures requiring surgical revisions. There were no neurological or cerebrovascular complications. The mean disease-free survival after en bloc spondylectomy for cervical chordoma was 84.2 months in this cohort. CONCLUSION En bloc excision of chordoma, whether wide or marginal, is the most ideal for treatment to prolong disease-free survival. En bloc excisions of chordomas in the cervical spine are technically complex procedures but can be performed with acceptable safety and perioperative morbidity.
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Wu JC, Mummaneni PV, El-Sayed IH. Diseases of the odontoid and craniovertebral junction with management by endoscopic approaches. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2011; 44:1029-42. [PMID: 21978894 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Surgical approaches to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) can result in dysfunction of the upper aerodigestive tract. However, few data are available regarding the incidence of complications after such surgery. Evaluation of a CVJ lesion for treatment must establish the biology, transverse and longitudinal extent of the lesion, and the preoperative and postoperative stability of the spine. Endoscopic approaches to the CVJ, which should reduce the expected morbidity of an open transoral approach, have been described recently. This article reviews common pathologies of the CVJ and surgical approaches, and provides an evidence-based analysis of whether endoscopic approaches reduce velopharyngeal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Ching Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M779, San Francisco, CA 94143-0112, USA
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