1
|
Seaver CD, Morgan SJ, Legister CS, Palmer CL, Beauchamp EC, Guillaume TJ, Truong WH, Koop SE, Perra JH, Lonstein JE, Miller DJ. Long-term reoperation rates following spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis in nonambulatory patients with cerebral palsy. Spine Deform 2024:10.1007/s43390-024-00878-z. [PMID: 38683283 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-024-00878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the incidence of reoperation and factors contributing to surgical revision within a minimum of 10 years after spinal fusion for scoliosis in patients with nonambulatory cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive nonambulatory patients with CP who underwent primary spinal fusion at a single specialty care center with a minimum of 10 years from their index surgery (surgery dates 2001-2011). Causes of reoperation were classified as implant failure/pseudoarthrosis, surgical site infection (SSI), proximal junctional kyphosis, prominent/symptomatic implants, and implant removal. Reoperation rates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each time interval, and an actuarial survival curve was generated. RESULTS 144 patients met inclusion criteria (mean age = 14.3 ± 2.6 years, 62.5% male); 85.4% had 5 years follow-up data; and 66.0% had 10 years follow-up data. Estimates from the actuarial analysis suggest that 14.9% (95% CI: 10.0-22.0) underwent reoperation by 5 years postsurgery, and 21.7% (95% CI: 15.4-30.1) underwent reoperation by 10 years postsurgery. The most common causes for reoperation were implant failure/pseudoarthrosis, SSI, and prominent/symptomatic implants. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the largest long-term follow-up of nonambulatory patients with CP and neuromuscular scoliosis who underwent spinal fusion. Approximately 22% of these patients required reoperation 10 years after their index surgery, primarily due to implant failure/pseudoarthrosis, SSI, and prominent/symptomatic implants. Complications and reoperations continued throughout the 10 years period after index surgery, reinforcing the need for long-term follow-up as these patients transition into adulthood. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Seaver
- Research Department, Gillette Children's, St. Paul, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sara J Morgan
- Research Department, Gillette Children's, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Candice S Legister
- Research Department, Gillette Children's, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Casey L Palmer
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eduardo C Beauchamp
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gillette Children's, 200 University Ave E, Internal Zip 490105, St. Paul, MN, 55101, USA
- Twin Cities Spine Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tenner J Guillaume
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gillette Children's, 200 University Ave E, Internal Zip 490105, St. Paul, MN, 55101, USA
| | - Walter H Truong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gillette Children's, 200 University Ave E, Internal Zip 490105, St. Paul, MN, 55101, USA
| | - Steven E Koop
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gillette Children's, 200 University Ave E, Internal Zip 490105, St. Paul, MN, 55101, USA
| | - Joseph H Perra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gillette Children's, 200 University Ave E, Internal Zip 490105, St. Paul, MN, 55101, USA
- Twin Cities Spine Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gillette Children's, 200 University Ave E, Internal Zip 490105, St. Paul, MN, 55101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McDonald CL, Berreta RAS, Alsoof D, Homer A, Molino J, Ames CP, Shaffrey CI, Hamilton DK, Diebo BG, Kuris EO, Hart RA, Daniels AH. Treatment of adult deformity surgery by orthopedic and neurological surgeons: trends in treatment, techniques, and costs by specialty. Spine J 2023; 23:1365-1374. [PMID: 37236366 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Surgery to correct adult spinal deformity (ASD) is performed by both neurological surgeons and orthopedic surgeons. Despite well-documented high costs and complication rates following ASD surgery, there is a dearth of research investigating trends in treatment according to surgeon subspeciality. PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was to perform an analysis of surgical trends, costs and complications of ASD operations by physician specialty using a large, nationwide sample. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective cohort study using an administrative claims database. PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 12,929 patients were identified with ASD that underwent deformity surgery performed by neurological or orthopedic surgeons. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was surgical case volume by surgeon specialty. Secondary outcomes included costs, medical complications, surgical complications, and reoperation rates (30-day, 1-year, 5-year, and total). METHODS The PearlDiver Mariner database was queried to identify patients who underwent ASD correction from 2010 to 2019. The cohort was stratified to identify patients who were treated by either orthopedic or neurological surgeons. Surgical volume, baseline characteristics, and surgical techniques were examined between cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the cost, rate of reoperation and complication according to each subspecialty while controlling for number of levels fused, rate of pelvic fixation, age, gender, region and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Alpha was set to 0.05 and a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was utilized to set the significance threshold at p ≤.000521. RESULTS A total of 12,929 ASD patients underwent deformity surgery performed by neurological or orthopedic surgeons. Orthopedic surgeons performed most deformity procedures accounting for 64.57% (8,866/12,929) of all ASD operations, while the proportion treated by neurological surgeons increased 44.2% over the decade (2010: 24.39% vs 2019: 35.16%; p<.0005). Neurological surgeons more frequently operated on older patients (60.52 vs 55.18 years, p<.0005) with more medical comorbidities (CCI scores: 2.01 vs 1.47, p<.0005). Neurological surgeons also performed higher rates of arthrodesis between one and six levels (OR: 1.86, p<.0005), three column osteotomies (OR: 1.35, p<.0005) and navigated or robotic procedures (OR: 3.30, p<.0005). Procedures performed by orthopedic surgeons had significantly lower average costs as compared to neurological surgeons (orthopedic surgeons: $17,971.66 vs neurological surgeons: $22,322.64, p=.253). Adjusted logistic regression controlling for number of levels fused, pelvic fixation, age, sex, region, and comorbidities revealed that patients within neurosurgical care had similar odds of complications to orthopaedic surgery. CONCLUSIONS This investigation of over 12,000 ASD patients demonstrates orthopedic surgeons continue to perform the majority of ASD correction surgery, although neurological surgeons are performing an increasingly larger percentage over time with a 44% increase in the proportion of surgeries performed in the decade. In this cohort, neurological surgeons more frequently operated on older and more comorbid patients, utilizing shorter-segment fixation with greater use of navigation and robotic assistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L McDonald
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Kettle Point Avenue, East Providence, Providence, 02914, RI, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Saad Berreta
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Kettle Point Avenue, East Providence, Providence, 02914, RI, USA
| | - Daniel Alsoof
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Kettle Point Avenue, East Providence, Providence, 02914, RI, USA
| | - Alex Homer
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Kettle Point Avenue, East Providence, Providence, 02914, RI, USA
| | - Janine Molino
- Department of Orthopedics, Biostatistics Division, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Grads Dorm Building 3rd Floor, Rhode Island Hospital 593 Eddy St, 02903, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christopher P Ames
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Eighth Floor, 400 Parnassus Ave, CA 94143, San Francisco, California
| | - Christopher I Shaffrey
- Department of Neurosurgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - D Kojo Hamilton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, A402 UPMC Presbyterian, PA 15213, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bassel G Diebo
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, 550 17th Avenue, James Tower, Suite 500, 98122, Seattle, WA
| | - Eren O Kuris
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Kettle Point Avenue, East Providence, Providence, 02914, RI, USA
| | - Robert A Hart
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, 550 17th Avenue, James Tower, Suite 500, 98122, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan H Daniels
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, 1 Kettle Point Avenue, East Providence, Providence, 02914, RI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Machida M, Rocos B, Zeller R, Lebel DE. A comparison of three- and two-rod constructs in the correction of severe pediatric scoliosis. J Child Orthop 2023; 17:148-155. [PMID: 37034196 PMCID: PMC10080239 DOI: 10.1177/18632521231156438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Managing severe scoliosis is challenging and risky with a significant complication rate regardless of treatment strategy. In this retrospective comparative study, we report our results using a three-rod compared to two-rod construct in the surgical treatment of severe spine deformities to investigate which technique is safer, and which provides superior radiological outcomes. Methods Forty-six consecutive patients undergoing posterior spine fusion for scoliosis between 2006 and 2017 were identified in our institutional records. Inclusion criteria were minimum coronal deformity of 90°, age < 18 years at the time of surgery and a minimum 2 years of follow-up. Radiographic and clinical parameters, as well as post-operative complications were compared between the two groups. Results There were 21 patients in the three-rod group and 25 in the two-rod group. The mean preoperative major coronal deformity was 100°± 9 and 102°± 10 in the three-rod and two-rod, respectively (p = 0.6). The average major curve correction was 51% and 59% in three-rod and two-rod groups, respectively (p = 0.03). The post-operative thoracic kyphosis was 30°± 11 and 21°± 12 in the three-rod and the two-rod groups, respectively (p = 0.01). The surgical time was 476 ± 52 and 387 ± 84 min in three-rod and two-rod, respectively (p < 0.01). One patient in the two-rod cohort showed permanent post-operative sensory deficit. There were three unplanned returns to operating theater in the two-rod group. Conclusions Coronal correction was better with two-rod, whereas sagittal balance was superior with three-rod. Both techniques achieved balanced spine treating severe scoliosis. The two-rod technique was associated with a higher likelihood of requiring revision surgery. Level of evidence level 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Machida
- Masayoshi Machida, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue,
Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song J, Katz AD, Dalal S, Silber J, Essig D, Qureshi S, Virk S. Comparison of Relative Value Units and 30-Day Outcomes Between Primary and Revision Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery. Clin Spine Surg 2023; 36:E40-E44. [PMID: 35696708 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the relative value units (RVUs) and 30-day outcomes between primary and revision pediatric spinal deformity (PSD) surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA PSD surgery is frequently complicated by the need for reoperation. However, there is limited literature on physician reimbursement rates and short-term outcomes following primary versus revision spinal deformity surgery in the pediatric population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study utilizes data obtained from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Pediatric database. Patients between 10 and 18 years of age who underwent posterior spinal deformity surgery between 2012 and 2018 were included. Univariate and multivariate regression were used to assess the independent impact of revision surgery on RVUs and postoperative outcomes, including 30-day readmission, reoperation, morbidity, and complications. RESULTS The study cohort included a total of 15,055 patients, with 358 patients who underwent revision surgery. Patients in the revision group were more likely to be younger and male sex. Revision surgery more commonly required osteotomy (13.7% vs. 8.3%, P =0.002).Univariate analysis revealed higher total RVUs (71.09 vs. 60.51, P <0.001), RVUs per minute (0.27 vs. 0.23, P <0.001), readmission rate (6.7% vs. 4.0%, P =0.012), and reoperation rate (7.5% vs. 3.3%, P <0.001) for the revision surgery group. Morbidity rates were found to be statistically similar. In addition, deep surgical site infection, pulmonary embolism, and urinary tract infection were more common in the revision group. After controlling for baseline differences in multivariate regression, the differences in total RVUs, RVUs per minute, reoperation rate, and rate of pulmonary embolism between primary and revision surgery remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Revision PSD surgery was found to be assigned appropriately higher mean total RVUs and RVUs per minute corresponding to the higher operative complexity compared with primary surgery. Revision surgery was also associated with poorer 30-day outcomes, including higher frequencies of reoperation and pulmonary embolism. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junho Song
- Northwell Health Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Queens, NY
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Austen D Katz
- Northwell Health Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Queens, NY
| | | | - Jeff Silber
- Northwell Health Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Queens, NY
| | - David Essig
- Northwell Health Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Queens, NY
| | | | - Sohrab Virk
- Northwell Health Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Queens, NY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stricker S, Eberhard N, Licci M, Greuter L, Zweifel C, Guzman R, Soleman J. Wound closure with a mesh and liquid tissue adhesive (Dermabond Prineo) system in pediatric spine surgery: a prospective single-center cohort study incorporating parent-reported outcome measures. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2022; 30:624-632. [PMID: 36459394 DOI: 10.3171/2022.8.peds22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wound healing can be challenging in children undergoing spine surgery for neurological conditions due to a high risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and wound infection. In adults, use of the Dermabond Prineo (DP) skin closure system, which consists of both tissue adhesive glue and a self-adhesive mesh, for wound closure of medium-length surgical incisions has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency and cosmetic outcome of DP for wound closure in extra- and intradural pediatric neurological spine surgery. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 47 children underwent 50 spine procedures using DP for wound closure between 2018 and 2022 at a single institution. Patient demographic and surgical data were collected. The primary outcome was revision surgery for wound healing disorders, while secondary outcomes were infections, minor wound healing disorders, and both physician and parental satisfaction (parent-reported outcome measures [PROMs]) at last follow-up. RESULTS Among 50 spinal (45 intra- and 5 extradural) interventions, 1 patient (2%) underwent revision surgery for a cutaneous CSF fistula and pseudomeningocele. Minor wound healing disorders occurred after 16 surgeries, which did not require surgical wound revision and resolved completely. No allergic reactions to DP or surgical site infections within 30 days were observed. The parents and the medical team described wound care as significantly facilitated since wound dressing changes were not needed. Three families (6.4%) encountered difficulties in wound care, and 46 (97.9%) were satisfied with DP. The cosmetic outcome based on PROMs was excellent, with a mean score of 8 (IQR 2) on a scale from 1 to 10. At long-term follow-up, a mean of 11.3 ± 10.7 months after surgery, physicians rated the cosmetic outcome on the visual analog scale (median score 9, IQR 1) and Hollander scale (median score 6, IQR 1). The outcomes were similar among the different pathologies and age groups and did not differ in patients with and without syndromic malformations. CONCLUSIONS The application of DP is simple, enables good patient comfort, facilitates both professional and parental wound care, and leads to excellent cosmetic results. DP possibly aids in the reduction of postoperative CSF leakage and infections after pediatric neurological spine surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stricker
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's University Hospital of Basel
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel
| | - Noëmi Eberhard
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's University Hospital of Basel
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel
| | - Maria Licci
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's University Hospital of Basel
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel
| | - Ladina Greuter
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's University Hospital of Basel
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel
| | - Christian Zweifel
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel
- 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel
- 4Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur; and
| | - Raphael Guzman
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's University Hospital of Basel
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel
- 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel
| | - Jehuda Soleman
- 1Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's University Hospital of Basel
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel
- 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel
- 5Clinical Trial Unit, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|