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Herzig C, Frank J, Nenning A, Gerstl M, Bumberger A, Fleig J, Opitz AK, Limbeck A. Combining electrochemical and quantitative elemental analysis to investigate the sulfur poisoning process of ceria thin film fuel electrodes. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2022; 10:1840-1851. [PMID: 35178245 PMCID: PMC8788136 DOI: 10.1039/d1ta06873c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the effect of sulfur incorporation into model-type GDC thin films on their in-plane ionic conductivity. By means of impedance measurements, a strongly deteriorating effect on the grain boundary conductivity was confirmed, which additionally depends on the applied electrochemical polarisation. To quantify the total amount of sulfur incorporated into GDC thin films, online-laser ablation of solids in liquid (online-LASIL) was used as a novel solid sampling strategy. Online-LASIL combines several advantages of conventional sample introduction systems and enables the detection of S as a minor component in a very limited sample system (in the present case 35 μg total sample mass). To reach the requested sensitivity for S detection using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), the reaction cell of the quadrupole instrument was used and the parameters for the mass shift reaction with O2 were optimised. The combination of electrical and quantitative analytical results allows the identification of a potential sulfur incorporation pathway, which very likely proceeds along GDC grain boundaries with oxysulfide formation as the main driver of ion transport degradation. Depending on the applied cathodic bias, the measured amount of sulfur would be equivalent to 1-4 lattice constants of GDC transformed into an oxysulfide phase at the material's grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herzig
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics Getreidemarkt 9/164 I2AC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - J Frank
- TU Wien, Joint Workshop, Technical Chemistry Vienna Austria
| | - A Nenning
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics Getreidemarkt 9/164 I2AC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - M Gerstl
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics Getreidemarkt 9/164 I2AC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - A Bumberger
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics Getreidemarkt 9/164 I2AC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - J Fleig
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics Getreidemarkt 9/164 I2AC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - A K Opitz
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics Getreidemarkt 9/164 I2AC 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - A Limbeck
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics Getreidemarkt 9/164 I2AC 1060 Vienna Austria
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Gilardi E, Gregori G, Maier J. Epitaxial 8YSZ/Y 2Zr 2O 7 multilayers: a conductivity and strain study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19995-20003. [PMID: 30022202 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03166e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thin films of Y2Zr2O7 were grown via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on substrates of MgO(110), Al2O3(0001) and Al2O3(11[combining macron]02). Electrical properties were investigated via electrical impedance spectroscopy. Unexpectedly, the ionic conductivity is not affected by the microstructure; only minor differences in conductivities and activation energies were measured between epitaxial thin films (on MgO) and textured thin films (on Al2O3, both orientations). This indicates the grain boundaries of such a material to only marginally block the oxygen vacancy transport. Starting from these results, epitaxial multilayers of Y2Zr2O7 and 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia with same overall thickness (between 60 and 70 nm) and different number of interfaces (from 1 up to 9) have been deposited on MgO(110) and the role of the residual compressive strain on the electrical properties has been investigated by means of XRD analysis and impedance spectroscopy. The results, showing no effect of the strain field on the ionic conductivity, indicate the negligible effect of the compressive strain on the ionic transport properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gilardi
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Gerstl M, Nenning A, Iskandar R, Rojek-Wöckner V, Bram M, Hutter H, Opitz AK. The Sulphur Poisoning Behaviour of Gadolinia Doped Ceria Model Systems in Reducing Atmospheres. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E649. [PMID: 28773771 PMCID: PMC5509099 DOI: 10.3390/ma9080649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An array of analytical methods including surface area determination by gas adsorption using the Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) method, combustion analysis, XRD, ToF-SIMS, TEM and impedance spectroscopy has been used to investigate the interaction of gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) with hydrogen sulphide containing reducing atmospheres. It is shown that sulphur is incorporated into the GDC bulk and might lead to phase changes. Additionally, high concentrations of silicon are found on the surface of model composite microelectrodes. Based on these data, a model is proposed to explain the multi-facetted electrochemical degradation behaviour encountered during long term electrochemical measurements. While electrochemical bulk properties of GDC stay largely unaffected, the surface polarisation resistance is dramatically changed, due to silicon segregation and reaction with adsorbed sulphur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gerstl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, Vienna A-1060, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Interfaces in Metal-Supported Electrochemical Energy Converters, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, Vienna 1060, Austria.
| | - Andreas Nenning
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, Vienna A-1060, Austria.
| | - Riza Iskandar
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy (GFE), RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstraße 55, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Veronika Rojek-Wöckner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Interfaces in Metal-Supported Electrochemical Energy Converters, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, Vienna 1060, Austria.
- Plansee SE, Innovation Services, Reutte 6600, Austria.
| | - Martin Bram
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Interfaces in Metal-Supported Electrochemical Energy Converters, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, Vienna 1060, Austria.
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), Jülich 52425, Germany.
| | - Herbert Hutter
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, Vienna A-1060, Austria.
| | - Alexander Karl Opitz
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, Vienna A-1060, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Interfaces in Metal-Supported Electrochemical Energy Converters, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, Vienna 1060, Austria.
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Biegger F, Rameshan C, Opitz AK, Noll J, Haunold T, Lang H, Barth S. Thioether functionalised gallium and indium alkoxides in materials synthesis. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00402d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Thermolysis of thioether functionalised metal alkoxides leads to the incorporation of sulphides in materials synthesized by CVD and hot-injection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Biegger
- Vienna University of Technology
- Institute of Materials Chemistry
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Christoph Rameshan
- Vienna University of Technology
- Institute of Materials Chemistry
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Alexander K. Opitz
- Vienna University of Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Julian Noll
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Thomas Haunold
- Vienna University of Technology
- Institute of Materials Chemistry
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Sven Barth
- Vienna University of Technology
- Institute of Materials Chemistry
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
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Gerstl M, Friedbacher G, Kubel F, Hutter H, Fleig J. The relevance of interfaces for oxide ion transport in yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1097-107. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42347b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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